Mundurukuan Languages

	Mundurukuan Languages The Mundurukú languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family. They are Munduruku and the extinct Kuruáya. Varieties Loukotka (1968) lists the following names for Mundurucú language varieties, including names of unattested varieties. Mundurucú / Paiquizé / Pari / Weidéñe - originally spoken along the Tapajós River The Tapajós ( ) is a river in Brazil. It runs through the Amazon Rainforest and is a major tributary of the Amazon River. When combined with the Juruena River, the Tapajós is approximately long. Prior to a drastic increase in illegal gold mi ..., now on the Urariá River and Maué-assú River, Amazonas. Kuruáya / Caravare / Curivere / Guahuara / Curuapa - spoken on the Curua River, now perhaps extinct. Proto-language Some Proto-Mundurukú reconstructions by Picanço (2005) are as follows.Picanço, Gessiane Lobato. 2005. Munduruku: Phonetics, phonology, synchrony, diachrony'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Vancouver. : ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population, seventh-largest by population, with over 212 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 Federative units of Brazil, states and a Federal District (Brazil), Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. List of cities in Brazil by population, Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro. Brazil has the most Portuguese-speaking countries, Portuguese speakers in the world and is the only country in the Americas where Portuguese language, Portuguese is an Portuguese-speaking world, official language. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazil, coastline of . Covering roughly half of South America's land area, it Borders of Brazil, borders all other countries and ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tupian Languages The Tupi or Tupian language family comprises some 70 languages spoken in South America, of which the best known are Tupi proper and Guarani. Homeland and ''urheimat'' Rodrigues (2007) considers the Proto-Tupian urheimat to be somewhere between the Guaporé and Aripuanã rivers, in the Madeira River basin. Much of this area corresponds to the modern-day state of Rondônia, Brazil. Five of the ten Tupian branches are found in this area, as well as some Tupi–Guarani languages (especially Kawahíb), making it the probable urheimat of these languages and maybe of its speaking peoples. Rodrigues believes the Proto-Tupian language dates back to around 3,000 BC. Language contact Tupian languages have extensively influenced many language families in South America. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Arawa, Bora-Muinane, Guato, Irantxe, Jivaro, Karib, Kayuvava, Mura-Matanawi, Taruma, Trumai, Yanomami, Harakmbet, Katukina-Katawixi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Munduruku Language Munduruku is a Tupi language spoken by 10,000 people in the Tapajós River basin in north central Brazil, of which most of the women and children are monolingual. Gomes (2006) points out that Munduruku is one of the languages of the Tupian family and constitutes, together with Kuruaya, the Munduruku linguistic branch ..The Portuguese language has made significant inroads among the Munduruku. Some loss of the Munduruku language is occurring among those who live in the area of the Madeira River and in the outskirts of the towns next to the Tapajós River; however, the situation is not as bad as it seems, as even here, the language of the majority of is Munduruku, and bilingualism only takes place after Munduruku has already been acquired (around 10 years of age), usually as a result of learning Portuguese at school. Those who live in the villages of the Tapajós River valley speak only Munduruku, even in the presence of non-indigenous people. There are elementary schools locat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Kuruáya Language The Kuruaya people are an indigenous people of Brazil. They live along the tributaries of the lower Xingu River in the state of Pará Pará () is a Federative units of Brazil, state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River. It borders the Brazilian states of Amapá, Maranhão, Tocantins (state), Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Amazonas (Brazilian st .... Currently there are approximately 159 living in their indigenous territory, the Kuruaya Indigenous Area."Kuruaya Indigenous Area." ''Protected Planet.'' Retrieved 18 April 2012 Names The Kuruaya are also known as the Caravare, Curuaia, Kuruaia, or Xipaia-Kuruaia people. Language The Kuruaya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Čestmír Loukotka Čestmír Loukotka (12 November 1895 – 13 April 1966) was a Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak linguist and ethnologist. His daughter was Jarmila Loukotková. Career Loukotka proposed a Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas#Loukotka (1968), classification for the languages of South America based on several previous works. This classification contained many unpublished materials and therefore greatly improved upon previous classifications. He divided the languages of South America and the Caribbean into 77 different families, based upon similarities of vocabulary and available lists. His classification of 1968 is the most influential and was based upon two previous schemes (1935, 1944), which were similar to those proposed by Paul Rivet (whom he was a student of), although the number of families was increased to 94 and 114. reviewed in References 1895 births 1958 deaths Linguists from Czechoslovakia Historical linguists Linguists of Indigenous lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Tapajós River The Tapajós ( ) is a river in Brazil. It runs through the Amazon Rainforest and is a major tributary of the Amazon River. When combined with the Juruena River, the Tapajós is approximately long. Prior to a drastic increase in illegal gold mining and consequent soil erosion it was one of the largest clearwater rivers and currently is an anthropogenic whitewater river, accounting for about 6% of the water in the Amazon basin. Course For most of its length the Tapajós runs through Pará State, but the upper (southern) part forms the border between Pará and Amazonas State. The source is at the Juruena– Teles Pires river junction. The Tapajós River basin accounts for 6% of the water in the Amazon Basin, making it the fifth largest in the system.Hales, J., and P. Petry (2013). Tapajos – Juruena'. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved 16 February 2013. From the lower Arinos River (a tributary of Juruena) to the Maranhão Grande falls are a more or less continu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Curuá River (Amazon River) There are several rivers named Curuá River in Brazil: * Curuá River (Amazon River tributary) * Curuá River (Iriri River tributary) * Curuá River (Mato Grosso) * Curuá Una River * Curuá do Sul River See also * Curuá Curuá is a municipality in the state of Pará in the Northern region of Brazil. See also List of municipalities in Pará This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Pará (PA), located in the North Region of Brazil Brazil, o ... , a municipality in the state of Pará, Brazil {{DEFAULTSORT:Curua River ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Babaçu ''Attalea speciosa'', the babassu, babassu palm, ''babaçu, or cusi'', is a palm native to the Amazon Rainforest region in South America. The babassu palm is the predominant species in the Maranhão Babaçu forests of Maranhão and Piauí states. This plant has commercial value because its seeds produce an edible oil called babassu oil, which is also used in cleaners and skin-care products. The fruit is used to produce products such as medicines, beauty aids, and beverages. Traditional communities of the Maranhão region also produce a flour from the fruit, and this is commercialized as a nutritional supplement. The leaves are also used to provide thatch for houses and can be woven into mats for constructing house walls. The stems are used for timbers. The babassu palm is considered a weed in pasture areas of Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. Taxonomy In his 1995 ''The Palms of the Amazon'', Andrew Henderson recognised ''A. speciosa'' and '' A. spectabilis'' as valid spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

Names

Language