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Multiplication (alchemy)
Multiplication is the process in Western alchemy used to increase the potency of the philosopher's stone, elixir or projection powder. It occurs near the end of the magnum opus in order to increase the gains in the subsequent projection. George Ripley gives the following definition of multiplication: :: :: :: :: :: Multiplication was also used to describe the facet of alchemy chiefly concerned with the reproduction of physical gold and silver. Such is the case in Henry IV's 1404 statute against the craft of multiplication ( 5 Hen. 4. c. 4). Henry VI began to issue patents for the practice of alchemy, but the act of Parliament against multipliers was not repealed until 1689. Method In his discussion of multiplication, Ripley goes on to compare the medicine or elixir to fire. He notes that the methods of multiplication are related to the processes of congelation, cibation, and fermentation. In doing so he also hints at multiplication's internal significance. Like Ripley, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mylius Philosophia Reformata 16
Mylius is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Edward Mylius (1878–1947), Belgian-born journalist jailed in England in 1911 for libel against King George V * Helmut Mylius (1891–1973), German industrialist * Johan Caspar Mylius (1776–1852), Danish military officer and landowner * Johann Daniel Mylius (c. 1583 – 1642), German composer for the lute, and writer on alchemy * Jørgen de Mylius (born 1946), Danish radio and TV personality * Klaus Mylius (1930–2025), German indologist * Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen (1872–1907), Danish author, ethnologist, and explorer * Mario Mylius (1912–1980), Swiss equestrian Other uses * Mylius, a son of Priam, King of Troy * Mylius, the corporate font of British Airways * Mylius Aircraft, a manufacturer of airplanes * Mylius Prize, an Italian prize for painting awarded 1841–1939 * Mylius–Eaton House, a historic building in Sioux City, Iowa, United States * Mylius-Erichsen Land Mylius-Erichsen Land is a peninsula in Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alchemy
Alchemy (from the Arabic word , ) is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practised in China, India, the Muslim world, and Europe. In its Western form, alchemy is first attested in a number of pseudepigraphical texts written in Greco-Roman Egypt during the first few centuries AD.. Greek-speaking alchemists often referred to their craft as "the Art" (τέχνη) or "Knowledge" (ἐπιστήμη), and it was often characterised as mystic (μυστική), sacred (ἱɛρά), or divine (θɛíα). Alchemists attempted to purify, mature, and perfect certain materials. Common aims were chrysopoeia, the transmutation of " base metals" (e.g., lead) into "noble metals" (particularly gold); the creation of an elixir of immortality; and the creation of panaceas able to cure any disease. The perfection of the human body and soul was thought to result from the alchemical ''magnum opus'' ("Great Work"). The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosopher's Stone
The philosopher's stone is a mythic alchemical substance capable of turning base metals such as mercury into gold or silver; it was also known as "the tincture" and "the powder". Alchemists additionally believed that it could be used to make an elixir of life which made possible rejuvenation and immortality. For many centuries, it was the most sought-after goal in alchemy. The philosopher's stone was the central symbol of the mystical terminology of alchemy, symbolizing perfection at its finest, divine illumination, and heavenly bliss. Efforts to discover the philosopher's stone were known as the Magnum Opus ("Great Work"). Antiquity The earliest known written mention of the philosopher's stone is in the ''Cheirokmeta'' by Zosimos of Panopolis (). Alchemical writers assign a longer history. Elias Ashmole and the anonymous author of ''Gloria Mundi'' (1620) claim that its history goes back to Adam, who acquired the knowledge of the stone directly from God. This knowledge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnum Opus (alchemy)
In alchemy, the Magnum Opus or Great Work is a term for the process of working with the prima materia to create the philosopher's stone. It has been used to describe personal and spiritual chrysopoeia, transmutation in the Hermeticism, Hermetic tradition, attached to laboratory processes and chemical color changes, used as a model for the individuation process, and as a device in art and literature. The magnum opus has been carried forward in New Age and neo-Hermetic movements which sometimes attached new symbolism and significance to the processes. The original process philosophy has four stages: *''nigredo'', the blackening or melanosis *''Albedo (alchemy), albedo'', the whitening or leucosis *''citrinitas'', the yellowing or xanthosis *''rubedo'', the reddening, purpling, or iosis The origin of these Humorism, four phases can be traced at least as far back as the first century. Zosimus of Panopolis wrote that it was known to Mary the Jewess. The development of black, white ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Projection (alchemy)
Projection was the ultimate goal of Western alchemy. Once the philosopher's stone or powder of projection had been created, the process of projection would be used to transmute a lesser substance into a higher form; often lead into gold. Typically, the process is described as casting a small portion of the Stone into a molten base metal. Claims and demonstrations The seventeenth century saw an increase in tales of physical transmutation and projection. These are variously explained as examples of charlatanism, fiction, pseudo-scientific error, or missed metaphor. The following is a typical account of the projection process described by Jan Baptista van Helmont in his ''De Natura Vitae Eternae''. Other reports include: * Elias Ashmole's '' Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum'' lists an account of Edward Kelley making projections from lesser metals into both gold and silver. Kelley's success is also recorded by John Dee. * Alexander Seton was reported to have projected a hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Ripley (alchemist)
Sir George Ripley (–1490) was an Kingdom of England, English Canons Regular, Augustinian canon, author, and Alchemy, alchemist. Biography George Ripley was one of England's most famous alchemists. His alchemical writings attracted attention not only when they were published in the fifteenth century, but also later in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. His writings were studied by noted figures such as the alchemist John Dee, Robert Boyle (who is considered to be the first modern chemist), and even Isaac Newton. A great deal of myth has grown up around Ripley, such as that he studied in Italy for twenty years and became a favourite of Pope Innocent VIII. He did however spend a number of years on the continent, and after his return to England he wrote his work ''The Compound of Alchemy; or, the Twelve Gates leading to the Discovery of the Philosopher's Stone'' (''Liber Duodecim Portarum'') in 1471. The ''Cantilena Riplaei'' is one of the first poetic compositions on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry IV Of England
Henry IV ( – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England from 1399 to 1413. Henry was the son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (a son of King Edward III), and Blanche of Lancaster. Henry was involved in the 1388 revolt of Lords Appellant against Richard II, his first cousin, but he was not punished. However, he was exiled from court in 1398. After Henry's father died in 1399, Richard blocked Henry's inheritance of his father's lands. That year, Henry rallied a group of supporters, overthrew and imprisoned Richard II, and usurped the throne; these actions later contributed to dynastic disputes in the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487). Henry was the first English ruler whose mother tongue was English (rather than French) since the Norman Conquest, over 300 years earlier. As king, he faced a number of rebellions, most seriously those of Owain Glyndŵr, the last Welshman to claim the title of Prince of Wales, and the English knight Henry Percy (Hotspur) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5 Hen
5 (five) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number, and cardinal number, following 4 and preceding 6, and is a prime number. Humans, and many other animals, have 5 digits on their limbs. Mathematics 5 is a Fermat prime, a Mersenne prime exponent, as well as a Fibonacci number. 5 is the first congruent number, as well as the length of the hypotenuse of the smallest integer-sided right triangle, making part of the smallest Pythagorean triple ( 3, 4, 5). 5 is the first safe prime and the first good prime. 11 forms the first pair of sexy primes with 5. 5 is the second Fermat prime, of a total of five known Fermat primes. 5 is also the first of three known Wilson primes (5, 13, 563). Geometry A shape with five sides is called a pentagon. The pentagon is the first regular polygon that does not tile the plane with copies of itself. It is the largest face any of the five regular three-dimensional regular Platonic solid can have. A conic is determined ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry VI Of England
Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and 1470 to 1471, and English claims to the French throne, disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. The only child of Henry V of England, Henry V, he succeeded to the Throne of England, English throne at the age of eight months, upon his father's death, and to the List of French monarchs, French throne on the death of his maternal grandfather, Charles VI of France, Charles VI, shortly afterwards. Henry was born during the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), he is the only English monarch to have been crowned King of France, following his coronation at Notre-Dame de Paris in 1431 as Henry II. His early reign, when England was ruled by a Regency government, 1422–1437, regency government, saw the pinnacle of English power in Kingdom of France, France. However, setbacks followed once he assumed full control in 1437. The young king faced military reversals in France, as well as political and financia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congelation
Congelation (from Latin: , ) was a term used in medieval and early modern alchemy for the process known today as crystallization Crystallization is a process that leads to solids with highly organized Atom, atoms or Molecule, molecules, i.e. a crystal. The ordered nature of a crystalline solid can be contrasted with amorphous solids in which atoms or molecules lack regu .... In the ('The Secret of Alchemy') attributed to Khalid ibn Yazid (), it is one of "the four principal operations", along with ''Solution'', ''Albification'' ('whitening'), and ''Rubification'' ('reddening'). It was one of the twelve alchemical operations involved in the creation of the philosophers' stone as described by Sir George Ripley () in his ''Compound of Alchymy'', as well as by Antoine-Joseph Pernety in his ''Dictionnaire mytho-hermétique'' (1758).. See also * Alchemical process * Magnum opus (alchemy) References Works cited * * Alchemical processes {{chem-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sendivogius
Michael Sendivogius (; ; 2 February 1566 – 1636) was a Polish Alchemy, alchemist, philosopher, and physician. A pioneer of chemistry, he developed ways of purifying and creating various acids, metals, and other chemicals. He discovered that air is not a single substance and contains a life-giving substance – later called oxygen – 170 years before Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Scheele's discovery of the element. He correctly identified this "food of life" with the gas (also oxygen) given off by heating nitre (Potassium nitrate, saltpetre). This substance, the "central nitre", had a central position in Sendivogius' schema of the universe. Biography Little is known of his early life: he was born into a noble family that was part of the Clan of Ostoja. His father sent him to study in university of Kraków but Sendivogius visited also most of the European countries and universities; he studied at University of Vienna, Vienna, University of Altdorf, Altdorf, University of Leipzig, Leip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
