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Mount Sahendaruman
Mount Sahendaruman is an extinct volcano located in southern part of Indonesian island of Sangihe. It is an area high in biodiversity in Wallacea, especially seen in the small forest patch in mountain slopes Mount Sahendaruman, the last remaining primary forest in Sangihe. Mount Sahendaruman is home to three critically endangered and two endangered endemic bird species, the cerulean flycatcher, Sangihe whistler, Sangihe white-eye The Sangihe white-eye (''Zosterops nehrkorni'') is a species of bird in the white-eye family. It is endemic to Sangihe, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was f ..., elegant sunbird and Sangihe hanging parrot. References {{NSulawesi-geo-stub Sahendaruman, Mount ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangihe Island
Sangir Besar, commonly called Sangir Island (with the spelling variants "Sangihe", "Sanghir" or "Sangi"), is an island in the Sangir Islands group. Its Indonesian name literally means "Great Sangir", in reference to the fact that it is the archipelago's main island. It is part of the North Sulawesi province. The main language is the Sangir language. It was the scene of the violent eruption of Gunung Awu volcano on 2 March 1856. The existing mountain was reshaped by the eruption, and flooding was extensive. The death toll was estimated to exceed two thousand, possibly as high as 6,000. Other major eruptions occurred in 1966 and 2004. The critically endangered cerulean flycatcher The cerulean flycatcher (''Eutrichomyias rowleyi'') is a medium-sized (up to 18 cm long), blue passerine with bright cerulean blue plumage, a bare white orbital ring, dark brown Iris (anatomy), iris, bluish black Beak, bill and pale blue-gre ... and Sangihe whistler are endemic to Sangir Islan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extinct Volcano
A volcano is commonly defined as a vent or fissure in the Crust (geology), crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and volcanic gas, gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where list of tectonic plates, tectonic plates are divergent boundary, diverging or convergent boundary, converging, and because most of Earth's plate boundaries are underwater, most volcanoes are found underwater. For example, a mid-ocean ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes caused by convergent tectonic plates. Volcanoes resulting from divergent tectonic activity are usually non-explosive whereas those resulting from convergent tectonic activity cause violent eruptions."Mid-ocean ridge tectonics, volcanism and geomorphology." Geology 26, no. 455 (2001): 458. https://macdonald.faculty.geol.ucsb.edu/papers/Macd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variability of life, life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and Phylogenetics, phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary productivity in the region near the equator. Tropical forest ecosystems cover less than one-fifth of Earth's terrestrial area and contain about 50% of the world's species. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity for both marine and terrestrial taxa. Since Abiogenesis, life began on Earth, six major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic aeon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion. In this period, the majority of Multicellular organism, multicellular Phylum, phyla first appeared. The next 400 mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallacea
Wallacea is a biogeography, biogeographical designation for a group of mainly list of islands of Indonesia, Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australia (continent), Australian continental shelf, continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Halmahera, Buru, Seram Island, Seram, and many smaller islands. The islands of Wallacea lie between the Sunda Shelf (the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java (island), Java, and Bali) to the west, and the Sahul Shelf including Australia and New Guinea to the south and east. The total land area of Wallacea is . Geography Wallacea is defined as the series of islands stretching between the two continental shelves of Sunda Shelf, Sunda and Sahul Shelf, Sahul, but excluding the Philippines. Its eastern border (separating Wallacea from Sahul) is represented by a zoogeography, zoogeographical boundary known as Richard Lydekker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism In Birds
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or, in scientific literature, as an ''endemite''. Similarly, many species found in the Western ghats of India are examples of endemism. Endemism is an important concept in conservation biology for measuring biodiversity in a particular place and evaluating the risk of extinction for species. Endemism is also of interest in evolutionary biology, because it provides clues about how changes in the environment cause species to undergo range shifts (potentially expanding their range into a larger area or becomin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerulean Flycatcher
The cerulean flycatcher (''Eutrichomyias rowleyi'') is a medium-sized (up to 18 cm long), blue passerine with bright cerulean blue plumage, a bare white orbital ring, dark brown Iris (anatomy), iris, bluish black Beak, bill and pale blue-grey below. The young has a shorter tail and grey underparts. It is the only member of the monotypic genus ''Eutrichomyias''. Although it resembles a monarch flycatcher, it is actually related to the fantails. Taxonomy and systematics The scientific name commemorates the British explorer and ornithologist George Dawson Rowley. The cerulean flycatcher was originally described in the genus ''Zeocephus'', and until recently was known as the cerulean paradise-flycatcher. Alternate names include Rowley's flycatcher and Rowley's paradise-flycatcher. Although initially classified in Monarch flycatcher, Monarchidae, a 2017 study involving sequencing of DNA from the type specimen found that it was a member of the fantail family Rhipiduridae, being cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangihe Whistler
The Sangihe whistler or Sangihe shrikethrush (''Coracornis sanghirensis'') is a species of bird in the family Pachycephalidae. It is endemic to Sangihe Island in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. Specifically, it lives in ridgetop forests with large trees and full canopy cover. It is threatened by habitat loss. Originally, the Sangihe shrikethrush was described in the genus '' Pinarolestes''. It was re-classified from the genus ''Colluricincla A shrikethrush, also spelled shrike-thrush, is any one of eleven species of songbird that is a member of the genus ''Colluricincla''. They have nondescript, predominantly brown or grey, plumage, but are accomplished singers, their calls described ...'' to ''Coracornis'' in 2013. Alternate names include the Sahengbalira shrike-thrush and Sangir whistler. References External linksBirdLife Species Factsheet. Sangihe whistler Critically endangered fauna of Asia Sangihe whistler Taxonom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangihe White-eye
The Sangihe white-eye (''Zosterops nehrkorni'') is a species of bird in the white-eye family. It is endemic to Sangihe, Indonesia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It was formerly considered conspecific with black-crowned white-eye (''Zosterops atrifrons''), but work by Pamela C. Rasmussen and her colleagues showed that it is a separate species. The same research also confirmed the specific status of the Seram white-eye The Seram white-eye (''Zosterops stalkeri'') is a small passerine bird in the white-eye family. It is an endemic resident breeder in open woodland in Seram, Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southe ..., ''Zosterops stalkeri''. References * P. C. Rasmussen, J. C. Wardill, F. R. Lambert and J. Riley ''On the specific status of the Sangihe White-eye ''Zosterops nehrkorni'', and the taxonomy of the Black-crowned White-eye ''Z. atrifrons'' com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elegant Sunbird
The elegant sunbird (''Aethopyga duyvenbodei'') is a large, up to 12 cm long, Australasian sunbird in the genus ''Aethopyga''. The male has an iridescent blue-green crown, shoulder patch and uppertail coverts, yellow bar across lower back, red ear coverts, olive back, yellow throat, red neck collar and yellow below. The female has a yellowish olive upperparts, scaly crown and yellow underparts. The scientific name commemorates Maarten Dirk van Renesse van Duivenbode (1804–1878), Dutch trader of naturalia on Ternate. An Indonesian endemic, the elegant sunbird is distributed to the island of Sangihe, north of Sulawesi. It is found and locally common in the forests and plantations near Mount Sahendaruman in southern Sangihe. Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size and limited range, the elegant sunbird is evaluated as Endangered on the IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sangihe Hanging Parrot
The Sangihe hanging parrot (''Loriculus catamene'') is a small (length: 12–13.5 cm) parrot endemic to the small island of Sangihe, north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. This is an arboreal parrot. It is predominantly green, with a red throat patch, rump, elongated uppertail-coverts and tip of tail. In 2009 this parrot was downlisted from Endangered to Near Threatened because although it has a very small range within which there has been extensive forest loss Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then land conversion, converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or u ... and fragmentation, it apparently remains common in degraded and cultivated habitats and there is no evidence of a continuing decline. The current population is estimated at between 10,000 and 46,000 individuals. References External links BirdLife Species Factsheet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
