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Mother Of All Budgets
The Mother of all Budgets was the nickname given to the 1991 New Zealand budget. It was the first budget delivered by the new National Party Minister of Finance Ruth Richardson and formed the catalyst of her economic reforms known in the media as " Ruthanasia". Background Richardson was a member of a wing of the National Party that emphasised small government and personal liberty. She worked closely with Minister of Social Welfare Jenny Shipley on the 1991 budget, which Richardson proclaimed the 'mother of all budgets'. The budget cut spending on many of the welfare state institutions established in the 1930s by the First Labour Government. The unemployment benefit was cut by $14.00 a week, sickness benefit by $27.04, families benefit by $25.00 to $27.00 and universal payments for family benefits were completely abolished. Richardson also introduced many user pays requirements in hospitals and schools, services previously free to the populace and paid for by the government. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand National Party
The New Zealand National Party (), often shortened to National () or the Nats, is a Centre-right politics, centre-right List of political parties in New Zealand, political party in New Zealand that is the current senior ruling party. It is one of two major parties that dominate contemporary New Zealand politics, alongside its traditional rival, the New Zealand Labour Party, Labour Party. National formed in 1936 through amalgamation of conservative and Liberalism, liberal parties, Reform Party (New Zealand), Reform and United Party (New Zealand), United respectively, and subsequently became New Zealand's second-oldest extant political party. National's predecessors had previously formed United–Reform Coalition, a coalition against the growing labour movement. National has governed for six periods during the 20th and 21st centuries, and has spent more List of New Zealand governments, time in government than any other New Zealand party. After the 1949 New Zealand general electio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed Member Proportional Representation
Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a type of representation provided by some mixed electoral system, mixed electoral systems which combine local Winner-take-all system, winner-take-all elections with a Compensation (electoral systems), compensatory tier with Party-list proportional representation, party lists, in a way that produces proportional representation overall. Like proportional representation, MMP is not a single system, but a principle and goal of several similar systems. Some systems designed to achieve proportionality are still called mixed-member proportional, even if they generally fall short of full proportionality. In this case, they provide semi-proportional representation. In typical MMP systems, voters get two votes: one to decide the legislator, representative for their single-seat electoral district, constituency, and one for a political party, but some countries use Mixed single vote#Proportional systems, single vote variants. Seat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 In Economic History
It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union collapsed, leaving fifteen sovereign republics and the CIS in its place. In July 1991, India abandoned its policies of dirigism, license raj and autarky and began extensive liberalisation to its economy. This increased GDP but also increased income inequality over the next two decades. A UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations fought against Iraq, which had invaded and annexed Kuwait in the previous year, 1990. The conflict would be called the Gulf War and would mark the beginning of a since-constant American military presence in the Middle East. The clash between Serbia and the other Yugoslav republics would lead into the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars, which ran through the rest of the decade. In the context of the apartheid, the year after the liberation of political prisoner Nelson Mandela, the Parliament of South Africa repeals the Population Registration Act, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Budgets
New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz * ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 ** "New" (Paul McCartney song), 2013 * ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, 1995 * "New" (Daya song), 2017 * "New" (No Doubt song), 1999 * "new", a song by Loona from the 2017 single album '' Yves'' * "The New", a song by Interpol from the 2002 album ''Turn On the Bright Lights'' Transportation * Lakefront Airport, New Orleans, U.S., IATA airport code NEW * Newcraighall railway station, Scotland, station code NEW Other uses * ''New'' (film), a 2004 Tamil movie * New (surname), an English family name * NEW (TV station), in Australia * new and delete (C++), in the computer programming language * Net economic welfare, a proposed macroeconomic indicator * Net explosive weight, also known as net explosive quantity * Network of enlightened Women, an American organization * Newar language, ISO 639-2/3 language code new * Next Entertainment World, a South Korean media compan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1991 In New Zealand
The following lists events that happened during 1991 in New Zealand. Population * Estimated population as of 31 December: 3,516,000. * Increase since 31 December 1990: 40,900 (1.18%) Note that there is a discontinuity between the 1990 and 1991 figures aStatistics NZswitched from using the de facto population concept testimated resident population * Males per 100 Females: 99.7 Incumbents Regal and viceregal *Head of State – Elizabeth II *Governor-General – The Hon Dame Catherine Anne Tizard, GCMG, GCVO, DBE, QSO Government The 43rd New Zealand Parliament continued. Government was The National Party, led by Jim Bolger. National controlled nearly seventy percent of the seats in Parliament. *Speaker of the House – Robin Gray *Prime Minister – Jim Bolger *Deputy Prime Minister – Don McKinnon *Minister of Finance – Ruth Richardson *Minister of Foreign Affairs – Don McKinnon * Chief Justice — Sir Thomas Eichelbaum Parliamentary opposition * Leader of the Opposi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grant Robertson
Grant Murray Robertson (born 30 October 1971) is a retired New Zealand politician and member of the Labour Party who served as the Minister of Finance from 2017 to 2023, as Minister of Foreign Affairs in November 2023, and as the 19th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand from 2020 to 2023. He was the member of Parliament (MP) for from to . Robertson maintained and competed for several leadership positions during the party's stint in opposition following the end of the Fifth Labour Government. He was elected Labour's deputy leader in 2011 under leader David Shearer, and contested the leadership of the party in both 2013 and 2014. Subsequently, Robertson was named the party's finance spokesperson and was ranked third on Labour's party list. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern appointed him to the finance portfolio in the Sixth Labour Government. As finance minister, Robertson has been prominent in the government's economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand. Followi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sixth Labour Government Of New Zealand
The Sixth Labour Government New Zealand Government, governed New Zealand from 26 October 2017 to 27 November 2023. It was headed first by Jacinda Ardern (October 2017–January 2023) and later by Chris Hipkins (January 2023–November 2023), as New Zealand Labour Party, Labour Party leader and Prime Minister of New Zealand, prime minister. On 1 August 2017, Ardern succeeded Andrew Little (New Zealand politician), Andrew Little as both leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand), Leader of the Opposition. Following the 2017 New Zealand general election, 2017 general election held on 23 September, the New Zealand First party held the Balance of power (parliament), balance of power between the sitting centre-right New Zealand National Party, National Party government, and the left bloc of the Labour and Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand, Green parties. Following negotiations with the two major parties, New Zealand First leader Winston Peters announce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 New Zealand Budget
Budget 2021 is the New Zealand budget for fiscal year 2021/22, presented to the New Zealand House of Representatives, House of Representatives by Finance Minister (New Zealand), Finance Minister Grant Robertson on 20 May 2021 as the fourth budget presented by the Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand, Sixth Labour Government. This budget occurs after a year of several lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand and focuses on economic recovery. Background The budget is for the fiscal year from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022. This is the fourth budget of the Sixth Labour Government and the first budget of Labour's second term in office, in which they have a parliamentary majority, making this the first budget where the Labour Party has been the sole party behind the creation of the budget. The Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand, impact of COVID-19 on the economy has led to an increase in government borrowing, with government debt expected to hit NZ$ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand First
New Zealand First (), commonly abbreviated to NZ First or NZF, is a political party in New Zealand, founded and led by Winston Peters, who has served three times as Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand, deputy prime minister. The party has formed coalition governments with both major political parties in New Zealand: with the New Zealand National Party from 1996 to 1998 and 2023 to present, and with the New Zealand Labour Party from 2005 to 2008 and 2017 to 2020. New Zealand First currently serves in a coalition government with both National and ACT New Zealand as part of the Sixth National Government of New Zealand, Sixth National government, having won 6.08% of the total party vote in the 2023 New Zealand general election. New Zealand First was formed shortly before the 1993 New Zealand general election, following the resignation of Winston Peters as the National Party MP for Tauranga after criticising the party's Neoliberalism, neoliberal Ruthanasia, economic policies. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alliance (New Zealand Political Party)
The Alliance was a Left-wing politics, left-wing List of political parties in New Zealand, political party in New Zealand. It was formed at the end of 1991 by the linking of four smaller parties. The Alliance positioned itself as a democratic socialist alternative to the centre-left politics, centre-left New Zealand Labour Party. It was influential throughout the 1990s, but suffered a major setback after its founder and leader, Jim Anderton, left the party in 2002, taking with him several of its members of parliament (MPs). After the remaining MPs lost their seats in the 2002 New Zealand general election, 2002 general election, some commentators predicted the demise of the party. The Alliance stood candidates in the 2005 New Zealand general election, 2005 general election but won less than 1% of the party vote. It contested Auckland City Council elections under the City Vision (Auckland, New Zealand political ticket), City Vision banner, in concert with the New Zealand Labour Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand General Election, 1996
The 1996 New Zealand general election was held on 12 October 1996 to determine the composition of the 45th New Zealand Parliament. It was significant for being the first election to be held under the new mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system, and produced a parliament considerably more diverse than previous elections. Under the new MMP system, 65 members were elected in single-member districts by first-past-the-post voting (including five Māori electorates), while a further 55 "top-up" members were allocated from closed lists to achieve a proportional distribution based on each party's share of the nationwide party vote. 1996 saw the National Party, led by Jim Bolger, retain its position in government, but only after protracted negotiations with the smaller New Zealand First party to form a coalition. New Zealand First won 17 seats—including sweeping every single Māori electorate, all of which had been dominated by the Labour Party since the Second World War. Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
