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Moskalik (poetry)
In Polish poetry, moskalik is a short humorous verse, whose structure follows and parodies the stanza from "Polonez Kościuszki" by Rajnold Suchodolski: This form of poetry originated as a game in literati circles of Kraków. Many years later, ''Gazeta Wyborcza'' reported about this, and a participant, Nobel Prize winner Wisława Szymborska sent to the newspaper a large list of moskaliks titled "Rymowaną rozprawę o wyższości Sarmatów nad inszymi nacjami tudzież o słusznej karze na zatwardziałych, którzy tego poglądu nie podzielają". After that many other poets joined the game. Later Szymborska published a book ''Moskaliki, czyli o wyższości Sarmatów nad inszymi nacjami''.Moskaliki, czyli o wyższości Sarmatów nad inszymi nacjami" February 21, 2014< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Poetry
Polish poetry has a centuries-old history, similar to the Polish literature. Prominent Polish poets include *Marcin Bielski (1495–1575); Polish historian, chronicler, writer and Renaissance satirical poet, first to use Polish, hence his designation as the father of Polish prose *Mikołaj Rej (1505–1569); first Polish author to write exclusively in Polish and described as a "father of Polish literature" *Jan Kochanowski (1530–1584); commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz * Joachim Bielski (1540–1599); royal secretary, poet and historian. He wrote in Polish and Latin. Son of Marcin Bielski. *Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855); regarded as one of the '' Three Bards'' of Polish Romantic literature and a "national poet" in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus *Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849); regarded as one of the ''Three Bards'' of Polish Romantic literature *Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859); regarded as one of the ''Three Bards'' of Polish Romantic litera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajnold Suchodolski
Rajnold Suchodolski (1804 – 8 September 1831, Warsaw) was a Polish poet. He was brother of the painter January Suchodolski. Rajnold participated and died in the November Uprising of 1830–1831. Works * Among others ''"Polonez The FSO Polonez is a motor vehicle that was developed in Poland in collaboration with Fiat and produced by Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych from 1978 to 2002. It was based on the Polski Fiat 125p platform with a new hatchback designed by , Walter ... Kościuszki"'' in ''"Ulubione pieśni"'' (1831). References 1804 births 1831 deaths Polish male poets November Uprising participants 19th-century poets {{Poland-poet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moskal
Moskal is a designation used for the residents of the Grand Duchy of Moscow from the 12th to the 15th centuries. It is now sometimes used in Belarus, Ukraine, and Poland, but also in Romania, as an ethnic slur for Russians. The term is generally considered to be derogatory or condescending and reciprocal to the Russian term '' khokhol'' for Ukrainians. Another ethnic slur for Russians is '' kacap'' in Polish, or кацап ('' katsap'') in Ukrainian. History and etymology Initially, as early as the 12th century, ''moskal'' referred to the residents of Muscovy, the word literally translating as "Muscovite" (differentiating the residents of the Grand Duchy of Moscow from other East Slavs such as people from White Ruthenia (Belarusians), Red Ruthenia (Ukrainians), and others). With time, the word became an archaism in all the East Slavic languages, and survived only as a family name in each of those languages—see below. The negative connotation in Ukraine came in around t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lechites
Lechites (, ), also known as the Lechitic tribes (, ), is a name given to certain West Slavs, West Slavic tribes who inhabited modern-day Poland and eastern Germany, and were speakers of the Lechitic languages. Distinct from the Czech–Slovak languages, Czech–Slovak subgroup, they are the closest ancestors of ethnic Polish people, Poles and of Pomeranians (Slavic tribe), Pomeranians, Lusatians and Polabians. History According to Polish legend, Mieszko I inherited the ducal throne from his father who probably ruled over two-thirds of the territory inhabited by eastern Lechite tribes. He united the Lechites east of the Oder (Polans (western), Polans, Masovians, Pomeranians (Slavic tribe), Pomeranians, Vistulans, Silesians) into a single country of Poland. His son, Bolesław Chrobry, Bolesław I the Brave, founded the bishoprics at Wrocław, Kołobrzeg, and Kraków, and an archbishopric at Gniezno. Bolesław carried out successful wars against Bohemia, Moravia, Kievan Rus' and L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carmelites
The Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel (; abbreviated OCarm), known as the Carmelites or sometimes by synecdoche known simply as Carmel, is a mendicant order in the Catholic Church for both men and women. Historical records about its origin remain uncertain; it was probably founded in the 12th century on Mount Carmel in the Holy Land. Names The Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel are also known simply as the Carmelites or the Carmelite Order. To differentiate themselves from the Discalced Carmelites (founded in 1562), who grew out of the older order but today have more members, the original Carmelites are sometimes known as the Carmelites of the Ancient Observance and very rarely the Calced Carmelites ( discalced being a reference to some religious orders going barefoot or wearing sandals instead of shoes). History Historical records about its origin remain uncertain, but the order was probably founded in the 12th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intellectuals
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and Human self-reflection, reflection about the nature of reality, especially the nature of society and proposed solutions for its normative problems. Coming from the world of culture, either as a creator or as a mediator, the intellectual participates in politics, either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice, usually by either rejecting, producing or extending an ideology, and by defending a system of value theory, values. Etymological background "Man of letters" The term "man of letters" derives from the French term ''Belles-lettres, belletrist'' or ''homme de lettres'' but is not synonymous with "an academic". A "man of letters" was a literate man, able to read and write, and thus highly valued in the upper strata of society in a time when literacy was rare. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the term ''Belletrist(s)'' came to be applied to the ''literati'': the French particip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków
, officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 (2023), with approximately 8 million additional people living within a radius. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596, and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Kraków Old Town, Old Town was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status. The city began as a Hamlet (place), hamlet on Wawel Hill and was a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. In 1038, it became the seat of King of Poland, Polish monarchs from the Piast dynasty, and subsequently served as the centre of administration under Jagiellonian dynasty, Jagiellonian kings and of the Polish–Lithuan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazeta Wyborcza
(; ''The Electoral Gazette'' in English) is a Polish nationwide daily newspaper based in Warsaw, Poland. It was launched on 8 May 1989 on the basis of the Polish Round Table Agreement and as a press organ of the Solidarity (Polish trade union), trade union "Solidarity" in the election campaign before the Contract Sejm. Initially created to cover Poland's first partially free parliamentary elections, it rapidly grew into a major publication, reaching a circulation of over 500,000 copies at its peak in the 1990s. It is published by Agora (company), Agora, with its original editor-in-chief Adam Michnik, appointed by Lech Wałęsa, is one of Poland's newspaper of record, newspapers of record, covering the gamut of political, international and general news from a Leftism, left-Liberalism, liberal perspective. ''Gazeta Wyborcza'' also publishes thematic supplements addressing topics such as economy, law, education, and health, including ''Duży Format'', ''Co Jest Grane 24'', and ''Wys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred Nobel, Alfred Nobel's death. The original Nobel Prizes covered five fields: Nobel Prize in Physics, physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, physiology or medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, literature, and Nobel Peace Prize, peace, specified in Nobel's will. A sixth prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) in memory of Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.Nobel Prize#Shalev69, Shalev, p. 8. Except in extraordinary circumstances, such as war, all six prizes are given annually. Each recipient, known as a laur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wisława Szymborska
Maria Wisława Anna SzymborskaVioletta Szostagazeta.pl, 9 February 2012. [dostęp 11 February 2012]. (; 2 July 1923 – 1 February 2012) was a Polish people, Polish poet, essayist, translator, and recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Prowent (now part of Kórnik in west-central Poland), she resided in Kraków until the end of her life. In Poland, Szymborska's books have reached sales rivaling prominent prose authors, though she wrote in a poem, "Some Like Poetry" ("Niektórzy lubią poezję"), that "perhaps" two in a thousand people like poetry. Szymborska was awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality". She became better known internationally as a result. Her work has been translated into many European languages, as well as into Arabic language, Arabic, Hebrew language, Hebrew, Japanese language, Japanese, Persian language, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Włodek
Adam Włodek (8 August 1922, in Kraków – 19 January 1986, in Kraków) was a Polish poet, editor, and translator. He was married to Polish Nobel Prize laureate Wisława Szymborska between 1948 and 1954. He published 10 books, mostly collections of his poems. He was also the editor of several Polish newspapers including ''Dziennik Polski ''Dziennik Polski'' is a Polish newspaper. It was established in 1945 as a regional newspaper for Lesser Poland Lesser Poland, often known by its Polish name ''Małopolska'' (; ), is a historical region situated in southern and south-eas ...'', and translated works from Czech and Slovak languages into Polish. References 1922 births 1986 deaths 20th-century Polish poets Writers from Kraków 20th-century Polish translators Polish male poets 20th-century Polish male writers {{Poland-poet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bascinet
The bascinet – also bassinet, basinet, or bazineto – was a Medieval European open-faced combat helmet. It evolved from a type of iron or steel Cervelliere, skullcap, but had a more pointed apex to the skull, and it extended downwards at the rear and sides to afford protection for the neck. A mail curtain (aventail or camail) was usually attached to the lower edge of the helmet to protect the throat, neck and shoulders. A visor (armor), visor (face guard) was often employed from c. 1330 to protect the exposed face. Early in the fifteenth century, the camail began to be replaced by a plate metal gorget, giving rise to the so-called "great bascinet". Early development The first recorded reference to a bascinet, or ''bazineto'', was in the Italian city of Padua in 1281, when it is described as being worn by infantry.Nicolle (1999-journal), p. 583. It is believed that the bascinet evolved from a simple iron skullcap, (''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "Helmet") known as the cerv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
