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Mort Pour La France
(, ) is a legal expression in France and an honour awarded to people who died during a conflict, usually in service of the country. Definition The term is defined in L.488 to L.492 (bis) of the ''Code of Military Disability Pensions and War Victims.'' It applied to members of the French military forces who died in action or from an injury or an illness contracted during service during the First and Second World Wars, the Indochina and Algeria Wars, and fighting in Morocco and the Tunisian War of Independence, as well as to civilians killed during these conflicts. Both French citizens and volunteers of other citizenship are eligible to be honored. Administration The words "Mort pour la France" are recorded on the death certificate. The status is awarded by * minister responsible for veterans and victims of war, or * minister responsible for the merchant marine, or * state minister responsible for national defense. Additionally the diploma «Aux morts de la grande guerr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montaigut-le-Blanc, Puy-de-Dôme
Montaigut-le-Blanc (; ) in the commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France. Photogallery File:Montaigut-le-Blanc vue gene 0707 2.jpg, Montaigut-le-Blanc with the castle File:Montaigut-le-Blanc rue 0707.jpg, A street in the village of Montaigut-le-Blanc See also *Communes of the Puy-de-Dôme department The following is a list of the 463 communes of the Puy-de-Dôme department of France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include Fr ... References External links Communes of Puy-de-Dôme {{Issoire-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alain-Fournier
Henri-Alban Fournier (; 3 October 1886 – 22 September 1914),Mémoire des hommes Secrétariat Général pour l'Administration known by the pseudonym Alain-Fournier (), was a French author and soldier. He was the author of a single novel, '' Le Grand Meaulnes'' (1913), which has been filmed twice and is considered a classic of . The book is based partly on his childhood. Biography Alain-Fournier was born in La Chapelle-d'Angillon, in the |
Max Jacob
Max Jacob (; 12 July 1876 – 5 March 1944) was a French poet, painter, writer, and critic. Life and career After spending his childhood in Quimper, Brittany, he enrolled in the Paris Colonial School, which he left in 1897 for an artistic career. He was one of the first friends Pablo Picasso made in Paris. They met in the summer of 1901, and it was Jacob who helped the young artist learn French. Later, on the Boulevard Voltaire, he shared a room with Picasso, who remained a lifelong friend (and was represented as the monk in his painting '' Three Musicians'', which Picasso painted in 1921). Jacob introduced him to Guillaume Apollinaire, who in turn introduced Picasso to Georges Braque. He would become close friends with Jean Cocteau, Jean Hugo, Christopher Wood and Amedeo Modigliani, who painted his portrait in 1916. He also befriended and encouraged the artist Romanin, otherwise known as French politician, and future Resistance leader Jean Moulin. Moulin's famous ''nom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurice Halbwachs
Maurice Halbwachs (; 11 March 1877 – 16 March 1945) was a French philosopher and sociologist known for developing the concept of collective memory. Halbwachs also contributed to the sociology of knowledge with his ''La Topographie Legendaire des Évangiles en Terre Sainte'', a study of the spatial infrastructure of the New Testament (1951). Early life and education Born in Reims, France, Halbwachs attended the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. There he studied philosophy with Henri Bergson, who had a major influence on his thinking. Halbwachs' early work on memory was in some measure pursued to coincide with Bergson's view on the subject of memory being a particularly personal and subjective experience. Bergson taught Halbwachs for three years. He then aggregated in Philosophy in 1901. He taught at various ''lycées'' before traveling to Germany in 1904, where he studied at the University of Göttingen and worked on cataloging Leibniz's papers until 1907. He was nominat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Hainchelin
Charles Hainchelin (2 August 1901 – 26 August 1944) was a French historian, teacher, communist activist and resistance fighter. Biography The son of a teacher and trade unionist who died in the Battle of Verdun in 1916, Charles Hainchelin was adopted by an orphanage and entered the teacher training school, which he left in 1920 to take his first post in Reims. Despite very fragile health and tuberculosis from which he struggled to recover, he managed to obtain a degree in history, which allowed him to obtain a teaching position at the upper primary school of Nancy in 1926. Hainchelin was a member Communist Party since 1921 and as a convinced Marxist intellectual he collaborated with numerous journals linked to the party or the syndicalist movement throughout the 1920s and 30s, most notably ''La Vie Ouvrière'', ''Clarté'', ''L'École emancipée'', ''l'Université syndicaliste'', ''Commune'' (under the pseudonym Chassagne), ''Regards'' etc. At the time of the occupation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Fondane
Benjamin Fondane () or Benjamin Fundoianu (; born Benjamin Wechsler, Wexler or Vecsler, first name also Beniamin or Barbu, usually abridged to B.; November 14, 1898 – October 2, 1944) was a Romanian and French poet, critic and existentialist philosopher, also noted for his work in film and theater. Known from his Romanian youth as a Symbolist poet and columnist, he alternated Neo-romanticism, neoromantic and Expressionism, expressionist themes with echoes from Tudor Arghezi, and dedicated several poetic cycles to the rural life of his native Moldavia. Fondane, who was of History of the Jews in Romania, Jewish Romanian extraction and a nephew of Jewish intellectuals Elias Schwartzfeld, Elias and Moses Schwartzfeld, participated in both minority Jewish culture, secular Jewish culture and mainstream Culture of Romania, Romanian culture. During and after World War I, he was active as a cultural critic, avant-garde promoter and, with his brother-in-law Armand Pascal, manager of the th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luc Dietrich
Raoul-Jacques Dietrich, better known as Luc Dietrich (17 March 1913, Dijon – 12 August 1944), was a French writer. Dietrich was born in Dijon. His father died when he was very young, and his mother was ill and addicted to drugs. She was frequently incapable of taking care of her son; several times he was sent asylums and similar establishments. Shortly after Dietrich's release from one at the age of 18, his mother died. In 1932 Dietrich met philosopher and poet Lanza del Vasto at the Parc Monceau in Paris. The first thing del Vasto said to Dietrich was "Are you as good as this bread?" The two became inseparable friends for the rest of Dietrich's short life. Lanza helped and mentored Dietrich in writing, although he always refused to be credited as a co-author. Another of Dietrich's famous friends was poet René Daumal. After becoming lightly wounded during a bombardment in 1944, Dietrich developed hemiplegia and then gangrene Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Desnos
Robert Desnos (; 4 July 1900 – 8 June 1945) was a French poet who played a key role in the Surrealist movement. Early life Robert Desnos was born in Paris on 4 July 1900, the son of a licensed dealer in game and poultry at the '' Halles'' market. Desnos attended commercial college, and started work as a clerk. He also worked as an amanuensis for journalist Jean de Bonnefon. After that he worked as a literary columnist for the newspaper '' Paris-Soir''. Career The first poems by Desnos to appear in print were published in 1917 in ''La Tribune des Jeunes'' (Platform for Youth) and in 1919 in the avant-garde review ''Le Trait d'union'' (Hyphen), and also the same year in the Dadaist magazine '' Littérature''. In 1922 he published his first book, a collection of surrealistic aphorisms, with the title Rrose Sélavy (the name adopted as an "alternative persona" by the avant-garde French artist Marcel Duchamp; a pun on "Eros, c'est la vie"). In 1919 he met the poet Benjamin P� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Decour
Jacques Decour (; born Daniel Decourdemanche; 21 February 1910 – 30 May 1942), was a French writer, Germanist, essayist, translator and resistant fighter, executed by the Nazis. Biography Jacques Decour studied at the Lycée Carnot in Paris and the Lycée Pasteur in Neuilly-sur-Seine. He began his studies in law, but, after a few years changed his orientation and studied German literature and was the youngest student to pass the competitive examination of ''agrégation'' in German in 1932. In 1931, he was named assistant of French at the Domgymnasium in Magdeburg in Prussia . There, he wrote his first book, ''Philisterburg'', which described the risks of nationalism and the ''"inadmissible myth of race"''. Daniel Decourdemanche was then appointed as a teacher of German in Reims where he joined the French Young Communist movement. He was then moved to Tours where he joined the Communist Party. In 1937, he was appointed as professor of German in Paris at the lycée Rollin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Crémieux
Benjamin Crémieux (1888–1944) was a French author, critic and literary historian. Early life Crémieux was born to a Jewish family in Narbonne, France in 1888. His family had long ties in the region, having 'settled in France as early as the 14th century'.Braun, Sidney D. 1987. "Benjamin Crémieux: Jew and Frenchman." ''Judaism'' 36 (4) (Fall): 451. .:452 Military service He fought in World War I during his obligatory military service in the French Army and was severely wounded during battle.:452 After the war he focused on studying Italian literature and history.:452 Career Crémieux contributed to a variety of literary magazines and journals, including La Gazette du Franc,:270 and the influential literary journal Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF). He started writing for the NRF in 1920 and Jean Paulhan invited him to be a member of the journal's editorial committee as early as 1926.:22 In 1928 he defended his doctoral thesis ''Essai Sur l'évolution littéraire de l'I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Brossolette
Pierre Brossolette (; 25 June 1903 – 22 March 1944) was a French journalist, politician and major hero of the French Resistance in World War II. Brossolette ran a Resistance intelligence hub from a Parisian bookshop on the Rue de la Pompe, before serving as a liaison officer in London, where he also was a radio anchor for the BBC, and carried out three clandestine missions in France. Arrested in Brittany as he was trying to reach the UK on a mission back from France alongside Émile Bollaert, Brossolette was taken into custody by the ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (the security service of the Schutzstaffel, SS). He committed suicide by jumping out of a window at their headquarters on 84 Avenue Foch in Paris as he feared he would reveal the lengths of French Resistance networks under torture; he died of his wounds later that day at Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital. On 27 May 2015, his ashes were transferred to the Panthéon with national honours at the request of President François Hollan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Basch
Basch Viktor Vilém, or Victor-Guillaume Basch (18 August 1863/1865, Budapest – 10 January 1944) was a History of the Jews in France, French Jewish politician and professor of germanistics and philosophy at the University of Paris, Sorbonne descending from Hungary. He was engaged in the Zionist movement, in the Human Rights League (France), Ligue des droits de l'homme (president from 1926 to 1944) and in Anti-Nazism. Biography His father was the journalist and political activist, Raphael Basch. Born in Budapest in 1863, Victor Basch emigrated with his family to France as a child, and later studied at the University of Paris, Sorbonne. In 1885 he was appointed professor at the University of Nancy, and in 1887 at the University of Rennes, where he became friend with Jean Jaurès. During the Dreyfus affair Basch was the leader of the Dreyfusards at Rennes, who were placed in a serious and difficult position when the case was tried in that city. Both as a Jew and a Dreyfusard, Basc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
