|
Moreno Argentines
Moreno Argentines (), also known as Mixed Argentines (), are Argentines who do not have a predominant ancestry due to their mixed origin, these stand out for having brown skin. These originated due to the miscegenation that occurred during the viceregal and post-independence period (mainly between whites and natives, to a lesser extent blacks), this was classified under the colonial caste system, some terms that were used are Pardo, Mestizo, Mulatto, Zambo, among other. Moreno Argentines are currently the second largest group in the Argentine Republic. History Argentina had, like the rest of the viceroyalties, a mix between Spaniards, Amerindians and Sub-saharan Africans. Within the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, the only region that had real value for the Spanish crown was Upper Peru due to the Potosí Mines, the current Argentine territory was mainly livestock so it did not have a strong economic interest and there was no important arrival of black slaves as in the rest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Language
Spanish () or Castilian () is a Romance languages, Romance language of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. Today, it is a world language, global language with 483 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain, and about 558 million speakers total, including second-language speakers. Spanish is the official language of List of countries where Spanish is an official language, 20 countries, as well as one of the Official languages of the United Nations, six official languages of the United Nations. Spanish is the world's list of languages by number of native speakers, second-most spoken native language after Mandarin Chinese; the world's list of languages by total number of speakers, fourth-most spoken language overall after English language, English, Mandarin Chinese, and Hindustani language, Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu); and the world's most widely spoken Romance language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Argentines
White Argentines () are Argentines of total or predominantly Europe, European or West Asian and North African ancestry, these stand out for having Light skin, light or olive skin. The vast majority of White Argentines have ancestry from immigrants who arrived in the early 20th century and later years although some have ancestry from the first colonizers. White Argentines are currently the largest group in Argentina. History The city of Buenos Aires was first founded in 1536 by the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Mendoza. This foundation was unsuccessful due to problems with the local indigenous peoples (mainly Querandí, Querandies) and a lack of supplies, leading to the settlement being abandoned in 1541, and was later founded again in 1580 by Juan de Garay. The first permanent European settlement founded in what is now Argentina was Santiago del Estero in 1553. The foundation was carried out by the Spanish explorer Francisco de Aguirre (conquistador), Francisco de Aguirre. Santi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Spain
New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( ; Nahuatl: ''Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl''), originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain. It was one of several domains established during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish conquest of the Americas, and had its capital in Mexico City. Its jurisdiction comprised a large area of the southern and western portions of North America, mainly what became Mexico and the Southwestern United States, but also California, Florida and Louisiana (New Spain), Louisiana; Central America as Mexico, the Caribbean like Hispaniola and Martinique, Martinica, and northern parts of South America, even Colombia; several Pacific archipelagos, including the Philippines and Guam. Additional Asian colonies included "Spanish Formosa", on the island of Taiwan. After the 1521 Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, conqueror Hernán Cortés named the territory New S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy (political entity), Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered in the European Age of Discovery. It achieved a global scale, controlling vast portions of the Americas, Africa, various islands in Asia and Oceania, as well as territory in other parts of Europe. It was one of the most powerful empires of the early modern period, becoming known as "the empire on which the sun never sets". At its greatest extent in the late 1700s and early 1800s, the Spanish Empire covered , making it one of the List of largest empires, largest empires in history. Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus and continuing for over three centuries, the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands, half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America. In the beginning, Portugal was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavery In Spain
Slavery in Spain began in the 15th century and reached its peak in the 16th century. The history of Spanish enslavement of Africans began with Portuguese captains Antão Gonçalves and Nuno Tristão in 1441. The first large group of African slaves, made up of 235 slaves, came with Lançarote de Freitas three years later. In 1462, Portuguese slave traders began to operate in Seville, Spain. During the 1470s, Spanish merchants began to trade large numbers of slaves. Slaves were auctioned at market at a cathedral, and subsequently were transported to cities all over Imperial Spain. This led to the spread of Moorish, African, and Christian slavery in Spain. By the 16th century, 7.4 percent of the population in Seville, Spain were slaves. Many historians have concluded that Renaissance and early-modern Spain had the highest amount of African slaves in Europe.Perry's Handbook, Sixth Edition, McGraw–Hill Co., 1984. Spanish slavery can be traced to the Phoenician and Roman eras. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Peru
Upper Peru (; ) is a name for the land that was governed by the Real Audiencia of Charcas. The name originated in Buenos Aires towards the end of the 18th century after the Audiencia of Charcas was transferred from the Viceroyalty of Peru to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776.Crespo Rodas, Alberto (1981). ''El ejército de San Martín y las guerrillas del Alto Perú''. La Paz. p. 379 It comprised the governorships of Potosí, La Paz, Cochabamba, Chiquitos, Moxos and Charcas (since renamed Sucre). Following the Bolivian War of Independence, the region became an independent country and was renamed Bolivia in honor of Simón Bolívar. History By 1821, the Spanish colonial empire in Latin America was falling apart because of the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, and the troops of generals Bolívar and Sucre, who had already liberated Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador, were already approaching the Upper Peru region. Fearing bloodshed that the libertarian troops ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viceroyalty Of The Río De La Plata
The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata or Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires ( or Virreinato de Buenos Aires or ) meaning "River of the Silver", also called the "Viceroyalty of River Plate" in some scholarly writings, in southern South America, was the last to be organized and also the shortest-lived of one of the viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire in the Americas. The name ''"Provincias del Río de la Plata"'' was formally adopted in 1810 during the Cortes of Cádiz to designate the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. The Viceroyalty was established in 1776 from several former Viceroyalty of Perú dependencies that mainly extended over the Río de la Plata Basin, roughly the present-day territories of Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay, extending inland from the Atlantic Coast. The colony of Spanish Guinea (present-day Equatorial Guinea) also depended administratively on the Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata. Buenos Aires, located on the western shore of the Río de l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Argentines
Spanish Argentines () are Argentine-born citizens who are predominantly or totally of Spanish descent. The arrival of Spanish emigrants in Argentina took place first in the period before Argentina's independence from Spain, and again in large numbers during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Between the 15th and 19th centuries, the Spanish Empire was the sole colonial power in the territories that became Argentina after the 1816 Argentine declaration of independence. Thus, before 1850, the vast majority of European settlers in Argentina were from Spain and they carried the Spanish colonial administration, including religious affairs, government, and commercial business. A substantial Spanish descended Criollo population gradually built up in the new cities, while some mixed with the amerindians (''Mestizos''), with the slave population sub-saharan descended (''Mulattoes'') or with other European immigrants. Currently, a large part of Argentines can be considered Criollos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zambo
Zambo ( or ) or Sambu is a racial term historically used in the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed Amerindian, Indigenous Amerindian and West African people, African ancestry. Occasionally in the 21st century, the term is used in the Americas to refer to persons who are of mixed West African people, African and Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native American ancestry. The equivalent term in Brazil is (). However, in Portugal and Portuguese-speaking Africa, ''cafuzo'' is used to refer to someone born of an African person and a person of mixed African and European ancestry. Background The word is believed to have originated from one of the Romance languages or Latin and its direct descendants. The feminine word is (not to be confused with the Argentina, Argentine Zamba (artform), Zamba folk dance.) In some parts of colonial Spanish America, the term applied to the children of one African and one Amerindian parent, or the children of two zambo parents. In New S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mulatto
( , ) is a Race (human categorization), racial classification that refers to people of mixed Sub-Saharan African, African and Ethnic groups in Europe, European ancestry only. When speaking or writing about a singular woman in English, the word is (). The use of this term began in the United States shortly after the Atlantic slave trade began and its use was widespread, derogatory and disrespectful. After the post Civil Rights Era, the term is now considered to be both outdated and offensive in the United States. In other Anglophone countries (the English-speaking world) such as English and Dutch-speaking West Indian countries, the word mulatto is still used. Countries with the highest percentages of persons who have equally high European and African ancestry — ''Mulatto'' — are the Dominican Republic (74%) and Cape Verde (71%). Mulattos in many Latin American countries, aside from predominately European and African ancestry, usually also have slight indigenous ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mestizo
( , ; fem. , literally 'mixed person') is a term primarily used to denote people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry in the former Spanish Empire. In certain regions such as Latin America, it may also refer to people who are culturally European even though their ancestors were Indigenous American or Austronesian. The term was used as an ethno-racial exonym for mixed-race that evolved during the Spanish Empire. It was a formal label for individuals in official documents, such as censuses, parish registers, Inquisition trials, and others. Priests and royal officials might have classified persons as mestizos, but individuals also used the term in self-identification. With the Bourbon reforms and the independence of the Americas, the caste system disappeared and terms like "mestizo" fell in popularity. The noun , derived from the adjective , is a term for racial mixing that did not come into usage until the 20th century; it was not a colonial-era term.Rappaport, Joa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pardo
In the former Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Americas, ''pardos'' (feminine ''pardas'') are triracial descendants of Europeans, Indigenous Americans and Africans. History In some places they were defined as neither exclusively mestizo (Indigenous American-European descent), nor mulatto (African-European descent), nor zambo (Indigenous American-African descent). In colonial Mexico, ''pardo'' "became virtually synonymous with ''mulatto'', thereby losing much of its Indigenous referencing". In the eighteenth century, ''pardo'' might have been the preferred label for blackness. Unlike ''negro'', ''pardo'' had no association with slavery. Casta paintings from eighteenth-century Mexico use the label ''negro'', never ''pardo'', to identify Africans paired with Spaniards. In Brazil, the word ''pardo'' has had a general meaning since the beginning of the colonisation. In the famous letter by Pero Vaz de Caminha, for example, in which Brazil was first described by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
