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Monomachos At Uvetichi
Monomachos ( el, Μονομάχος), or in Latin Monomachus, in Ukrainian and Russian Мономах (Monomakh), is a Greek epithet, meaning "he who fights alone" and "gladiator". It applies specifically to: *Monomachos (Byzantine family), a family of Byzantine officials *Niketas Monomachos, Byzantine official and saint *Constantine IX Monomachos, Byzantine emperor (r. 1042–1055) *Theodosios Monomachos, nephew of the above, Byzantine official and usurper *Michael Monomachos, 14th-century Byzantine general *Vladimir II Monomakh, Rus' Grand Prince (r. 1113–1125) *Hannibal Monomachus, a friend and staff officer of the Carthaginian general Hannibal See also * Monomakh's Cap, a symbol-crown of the Russian autocracy *Monomachus Crown The Monomachus Crown ( el, Στέμμα του Μονομάχου; hu, Monomakhosz-korona) is a set of pieces of engraved Byzantine goldwork, decorated with cloisonné enamel, in the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest, Hungary. It consists of .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epithet
An epithet (, ), also byname, is a descriptive term (word or phrase) known for accompanying or occurring in place of a name and having entered common usage. It has various shades of meaning when applied to seemingly real or fictitious people, divinities, objects, and binomial nomenclature. It can also be a descriptive title: for example, Pallas Athena, Phoebus Apollo, Alfred the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent, and Władysław I the Elbow-high. Many English monarchs have traditional epithets: some of the best known are Edward the Confessor, William the Conqueror, Richard the Lionheart, Æthelred the Unready, John Lackland and Bloody Mary. The word ''epithet'' can also refer to an abusive, defamatory, or derogatory phrase. This use as a euphemism is criticized by Martin Manser and other proponents of linguistic prescription. H. W. Fowler complained that "epithet is suffering a vulgarization that is giving it an abusive imputation." Linguistics Epithets are somet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gladiator
A gladiator ( la, gladiator, "swordsman", from , "sword") was an armed combatant who entertained audiences in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire in violent confrontations with other gladiators, wild animals, and condemned criminals. Some gladiators were volunteers who risked their lives and their legal and social standing by appearing in the arena. Most were despised as slaves, schooled under harsh conditions, socially marginalized, and segregated even in death. Irrespective of their origin, gladiators offered spectators an example of Rome's martial ethics and, in fighting or dying well, they could inspire admiration and popular acclaim. They were celebrated in high and low art, and their value as entertainers was commemorated in precious and commonplace objects throughout the Roman world. The origin of gladiatorial combat is open to debate. There is evidence of it in funeral rites during the Punic Wars of the 3rd century BC, and thereafter it rapidly became an essential fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monomachos (Byzantine Family)
Monomachos, Latinized Monomachus ( el, Μονομάχος, , Lone Warrior), feminine form Monomachina (Μονομαχίνα), was the name of a Byzantine aristocratic family active in the 10th–15th centuries and possibly even before that. The name, Monomachos, means “the gladiator” in Greek. It produced several officials and military commanders, as well as one emperor, Constantine IX Monomachos (). History The first occurrences of the name are unclear, and may refer to sobriquets rather to members of the family. An iconoclast bishop of Nicomedia with the name is alluded to in the 9th-century hagiography of St. Joannicius, whereas a fervently anti-iconoclast official was Patrikios Niketas Monomachos during the early 9th century, who was later declared a saint. The family was said to have been ‘ancient’ but did not come to the fore until the 10th and 11th centuries: firstly with Pavlos Monomachos, a wealthy merchant noble who may have married a Doukaina, followed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niketas Monomachos
Saint Nicetas the Patrician ( gr, Νικήτας Πατρίκιος, Niketas Patrikios; 761/62 – 6 October 836) was a Byzantine monk and a fervent opponent of Byzantine Iconoclasm. He is usually identified with Nicetas Monomachos (Νικήτας Μονομάχος), a eunuch official and general from Paphlagonia active at the turn of the 9th century. He is honoured as a saint and a Confessor of the Faith by the Eastern Orthodox Church. His feast day is on 13 October. Early life and career Nicetas was born in Paphlagonia in 761/62, and his parents were probably named Gregory and Anna. Later tradition held that he was a descendant of Empress Theodora, the wife of Theophilos (). This is clearly impossible, but some sort of relation cannot be excluded. Another tradition records that he was also a relative of Empress Irene of Athens ().Banev (2003)Chapter 1/ref>Lilie (1996), pp. 37, 127. According to his hagiography, he was castrated by his parents at a young age, received a goo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine IX Monomachos
Constantine IX Monomachos ( grc-x-medieval, Κωνσταντῖνος Μονομάχος, translit=Kōnstantinos IX Monomachos; 1004 – 11 January 1055), reigned as Byzantine emperor from June 1042 to January 1055. Empress Zoë Porphyrogenita chose him as a husband and co-emperor in 1042, although he had been exiled for conspiring against her previous husband, Emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian. The couple shared the throne with Zoë's sister Theodora Porphyrogenita. Zoë died in 1050, and Constantine continued his collaboration with Theodora until his own death five years later. Constantine waged wars against groups which included the Kievan Rus', the Pechenegs and, in the East, the rising Seljuq Turks. Despite the varying success of these campaigns, the Byzantine Empire largely retained the borders established after the conquests of Basil II, even expanding eastwards when Constantine annexed the wealthy Armenian kingdom of Ani. Constantine accordingly may be consider ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodosios Monomachos
Theodosios Monomachos, Latinized as Theodosius Monomachus ( el, Θεοδόσιος Μονομάχος), was a senior Byzantine noble and the nephew of Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos. When Constantine's co-ruler, the Empress Theodora died in 1056, Monomachos tried to usurp the throne but failed miserably, was exiled and became a figure of fun in the empire. Career Theodosios Monomachos was the grandson of another Theodosios Monomachos, an important bureaucrat under Basil II and Constantine VIII and the nephew of Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, ruler of the Byzantine Empire.Norwich, pg. 327 In 1056 he was serving as president of the Byzantine Senate, an important administrative role reserved for senior members of the aristocracy.Finlay, pg. 530 Bid for the throne Background Constantine IX died on 11 January 1055 without a legitimate heir. As he lay dying, he was persuaded by his councillors to ignore the rights of the elderly Empress Theodora and to pass the throne to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Monomachos
Michael Senachereim Monomachos ( el, Μιχαὴλ Σεναχηρείμ Μονομάχος; ) was a high-ranking Byzantine official, who served as governor of Thessalonica and Thessaly. He reached the high rank of '' megas konostaulos''. Life Michael and his brother, George Atouemes Monomachos, were scions of the Monomachos family, an aristocratic lineage that stretched back to the 10th century. Their exact relation to other early 14th-century members of the family is unknown, and they are among the last attested members of the family in Byzantine times. Michael is mentioned for the first time in 1315, when he served as governor ('' kephale'') of Thessalonica. He continued in the same office in 1321, when he is recorded as '' tatas tes aules'', and in 1327, when he was '' eparchos''. In the civil war of 1321–28, he supported Andronikos II Palaiologos against his grandson, Andronikos III. Monomachos remained in Thessalonica until 1332/3. In that year, Stephen Gabrielopoul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir II Monomakh
Vladimir II Monomakh ( Old East Slavic: Володимѣръ Мономахъ, ''Volodiměrŭ Monomakhŭ''; uk, Володимир Мономах, translit=Volodymyr Monomakh; russian: Владимир Мономах; Christian name: ''Vasiliy'', ''Vasyl'', or ''Basileios'') (26 May 1053 – 19 May 1125) reigned as Grand Prince of the Medieval Rus' from 1113 to 1125. He is considered a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and is celebrated on May 6. Family He was the son of Vsevolod I (married in 1046) and a relative of Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachos, from whom Vladimir obtained his sobriquet. Contemporary Byzantine naming practice allowed the adoption of a maternal surname if the mother's family was perceived to be of a more exalted origin than that of the father. Reign In his famous ''Instruction'' (also known as ''The Testament'') to his own children, Monomakh mentions that he conducted 83 military campaigns and 19 times made peace with the Polovtsi. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hannibal Monomachus
__NOTOC__ Hannibal ( xpu, 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 , ), distinguished by Polybius as ( grc-gre, Ἁννίβας Μονομάχος, ''Hanníbas Monomákhos''), was a friend and staff officer of the great Carthaginian general Hannibal. His epithet means "One who Fights Alone" or "Gladiator". He is most famous for wrongly prophesying that during the march from Spain to Italy, the Carthaginians would likely run out of supplies and would need resort to cannibalism. In the end, this was unnecessary for Hannibal Barca's soldiers. The story of Hannibal Monomachus is given in book IX of Polybius' ''Histories Histories or, in Latin, Historiae may refer to: * the plural of history * ''Histories'' (Herodotus), by Herodotus * ''The Histories'', by Timaeus * ''The Histories'' (Polybius), by Polybius * ''Histories'' by Gaius Sallustius Crispus (Sallust), ...''.Thayer, Bill"The Histories of Polybius, Book IX"Bill Thayer's Web Site. Retrieved 2010-6-8 See also * Other Hannibals in Carthaginian h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monomakh's Cap
Monomakh's Cap (russian: шапка Мономаха, translit=shapka Monomakha), also called the Golden Cap (russian: шапка Золотая, links=no, translit=shapka Zolotaya), is a chief relic of the Russian Grand Princes and Tsars. It is a symbol-crown of the Russian autocracy, and is the oldest of the crowns currently exhibited at the Imperial treasury section of the Kremlin Armoury. Monomakh's Cap is an early 14th-century gold filigree skullcap composed of eight sectors, elaborately ornamented with a scrolled gold overlay, inlaid with precious stones (ruby and emerald) and pearls, and trimmed with sable. The cap is surmounted by a simple gold cross with pearls at each of the extremities. Origin The main hypothesis is of old-Moscow origin. One of the others is it Central Asian origin (from ethnological or cultural point of view) has led some modern scholars to view the crown as a gift from Uzbeg Khan of the Golden Horde to his brother-in-law, Ivan Kalita of Moscow duri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
