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Mondal
Mandal, also spelled Mondal or Mondol, is an honorific title that was used for local chieftains in present-day Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The title was usually hereditary and so, in modern times, the term is a common surname for both males and females. Meaning The word "mandal" has various meanings depending upon the context, such as circle, orb, disc, ring, sphere, globe, orbit, province, assemblage or zone. A mandal was an administrative circle under a district or revenue division, similar to a tehsil, in many parts of South Asia. Originally this honorary title was given to the Administrator of provincial government. 'Mukhiya' or headman of a village was also conferred with this title. Sometimes this designation meant the person who as a representative of the Zamindar used to distribute land and also collect the revenue. Class and community For the upper classes in Bengal, family surnames date from the arrival of the British in the eighteenth century or earlier. Gregory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mondale (surname){{!}}Mondale
Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (January 5, 1928April 19, 2021) was the 42nd vice president of the United States serving from 1977 to 1981 under President Jimmy Carter. He previously served as a U.S. senator from Minnesota from 1964 to 1976. He was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 1984 presidential election but lost to incumbent Ronald Reagan in an Electoral College and popular vote landslide. Mondale was born in Ceylon, Minnesota, and graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1951 after attending Macalester College. He then served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War before earning a law degree in 1956. He married Joan Adams in 1955. Working as a lawyer in Minneapolis, Mondale was appointed Minnesota Attorney General in 1960 by Governor Orville Freeman and was elected to a full term as attorney general in 1962 with 60% of the vote. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate by Governor Karl Rolvaag upon the resignation of Senator Hubert Humphrey following Humphrey's el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahishya
Mahishya (IAST: Māhiṣya) is a Bengali Hindu traditionally agrarian caste, and formed the largest caste in undivided Bengal. Mahisyas were, and still are, an extremely diverse caste consisting of all possible classes in terms of material conditions and ranks. Origin, epigraphy and texts The Kalaikuri-Sultanpur copperplate inscription of 440 CE brings to light the presence of Kaivartaśarman, a Brahmin Kuṭumbin (peasant landholder), in the local assembly (adhikaraṇa) in Varendra of Gupta period. Smritis, Puranas and medieval texts According to 13th century text Brihaddharma Purana, children of Shudra fathers and Kshatriya mothers are dāsa, an ''Uttam Sankar'' (literally, good mixed) and their occupation is agriculture. According to the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, whose chapter describing mixed castes was likely inserted after 16th century, Kaivarta was one born of a Kshatriya father and a Vaishya mother. Some ancient or mediaeval texts like Yājñavalkya Smṛti and Gauta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suvarna Banik
Suvarna Banik or Subarnabanik (), also called Bene, is a Bengali mercantile caste dealing in gold and silver. During the late 18th century, merchants of the caste became prominent in trade. In spite of their inferior ritual rank, they were the most well known trading caste in Bengal region as per the 1951 Census of India. Origin and history Origin and early medieval period The presence and activity of mercantile groups in Bengal becomes visible in historical records from the mid-fifth century onwards, due to the so-called land sale grants issued under the Gupta provincial administration of Pundravardhana-bhukti of North Bengal. After two-and-a-half centuries of absence, merchant groups reappear in the inscriptions of Bengal and the adjoining areas from the early ninth century onwards, but they cease to appear in the inscriptions of Bengal and Bihar from the mid-twelfth century. The thirteenth century Hindu text Bṛhaddharma Puraṇa placed Suvarnabaniks in middle-rank ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandala (other)
Mandala is a geometric configuration of symbols used in various spiritual traditions. Mandala may also refer to: Geography * The Mandala, a famous boulder problem in Bishop, California * Blantyre, a city in Malawi, also called Mandala * Puncak Mandala, a mountain in Pegunungan Bintang Regency, Highland Papua, Indonesia Geopolitical history * Rajamandala, a political model in ancient South Asia * Mandala (political model), a political model in medieval Southeast Asia * Mandal, another word for Tehsil, an administrative division of some countries of South Asia * Monthon, a former subdivision of Thailand People * Mark Mandala (died 2009), American television executive and President of the ABC * Tommy Suharto (Hutomo Mandala Putra, born 1962), Indonesian businessman and politician Literature * The 10 books of the Rigveda, a Hindu religious text * Mandala (novel), ''Mandala'' (novel) by Pearl S. Buck Film and television * ''The Devil's Sword'', a 1984 Indonesian film that centers o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kushwaha
Kushwaha (sometimes Kushvaha), is a community of the Indo-Gangetic Plain that has traditionally been involved in agriculture, including beekeeping. The term has been used to represent different sub-castes of the Kachhis, Kachhvahas, Koeris and Muraos. The Kushwaha had worshipped Shiva and Shakta, but beginning in the 20th century, they claim descent from the Suryavansh (Solar) dynasty via Kusha, one of the twin sons of Rama and Sita. At present, it is a broad community formed by coming together of several caste groups with similar occupational backgrounds and socio-economic status, who, over the time, started inter-marrying among themselves and created all India caste network for caste solidarity. The communities which merged into this caste cluster includes Kachhi, Kachhwaha, Kushwaha, Mali, Marrar, Saini, Sonkar, Murai, Shakya, Maurya, Koeri and Panara. Origin Before the 20th century CE, branches that form the Kushwaha community – the Kachhis, Koeris, and Mur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
