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Mohsen Fakhrizadeh
Mohsen Fakhrizadeh Mahabadi ( ;21 March 196127 November 2020) was an Iranian nuclear physicist and scientist. He was regarded as the chief of Nuclear program of Iran, Iran's nuclear program. Born in Qom in 21 March 1961, Fakhrizadeh joined the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps after the Iranian revolution of 1979. He attended Shahid Beheshti University and later received a PhD from the University of Isfahan. Beginning in 1991, he was a physics professor at Imam Hossein University. Fakhrizadeh led the Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research and the Green Salt Project. Due to Fakhrizadeh's affiliation with the Iranian nuclear program, both the United Nations Security Council and the United States ordered his Iranian frozen assets, assets frozen in the mid-2000s. In the early 2010s, he established and led the Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research, which, according to the United States, conducted research potentially useful for nuclear weapons. Iran has denied ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Absard
Absard () is a city in the Central District of Damavand County, Tehran province, Iran, serving as the administrative center for Jamabrud Rural District Jamabrud Rural District () is in the Central District of Damavand County, Tehran province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, T .... The village of Absard merged with the villages of Maranak (مرانک) and Taskin (تاسکین) in 1996 to become the city of Absard. Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 9,865 in 2,438 households. The following census in 2011 counted 9,202 people in 2,441 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 10,648 people in 3,110 households. Geography Location Absard is situated around 70 km east of Tehran, in the province of the same name. Its center is to be found a few km south of the Firuz Kuh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organization Of Defensive Innovation And Research
The Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research or S.P.N.D. (, transliterated Sazman-e Pazhouheshhaye Novin-e Defa’i and abbreviated سازمان سپند) is a research and development agency of Iran's Ministry of Defence responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. According to Iranian media, it is the Iranian counterpart of the American DARPA. History According to the US, it was established in 2011. The organization was reportedly established and led by Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, until his assassination outside Tehran on November 26, 2020. According to the Israeli officials, later backed up by American intelligence officials, it was tasked with the research and development of nuclear weapons, and took over some of the activities of the Iranian nuclear weapon development AMAD Project. It has been sanctioned by the United States Department of State and United States Department of the Treasury. According to Al Jazeera, amid the COVID-19 pan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yossi Cohen
Yosef "Yossi" Meir Cohen (; born 10 September 1961) is an Israeli intelligence officer. After mandatory service in the Israeli Defense Forces, Cohen joined the Mossad, the national intelligence agency of Israel, in 1982. He rose to lead Mossad's Tzomet Division and was the agency's deputy director from 2011 to 2013, when he was appointed National Security Advisor (Israel), National Security Advisor to Prime Minister of Israel, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. In 2016, Cohen succeeded Tamir Pardo as the Mossad's director. During his tenure, he oversaw Mossad infiltration of Iranian nuclear archive, Mossad's operation to steal Iran's nuclear archive and was the chief negotiator during the Abraham Accords. He stepped down from the agency in 2021. Early life Cohen was born in Jerusalem to a religious family and grew up in the Katamon neighborhood. His father Aryeh was an eighth-generation Sabra (person), Sabra who was descended from one of the founding families of the Mea Shearim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mossad
The Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations (), popularly known as Mossad ( , ), is the national intelligence agency of the Israel, State of Israel. It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Military Intelligence Directorate (Israel), Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security). Mossad is responsible for intelligence assessment, intelligence collection, covert operations, and Counterterrorism, counter-terrorism. Its director answers directly and only to the Prime Minister of Israel, prime minister. Its annual budget is estimated to be around (US$2.73 billion), and it is estimated that it employs around 7,000 people, making it one of the world's largest espionage agencies. The organization is alleged to have been involved with many assassination plots across a variety of locations. History Mossad was formed on December 13, 1949, as the Central Institute for Coordination at the recommendation of Prime Minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lethal Autonomous Weapon
Lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs) are a type of military drone or military robot which are autonomous in that they can independently search for and engage targets based on programmed constraints and descriptions. However as of 2025 most military drones and military robots are not truly autonomous. LAWs are also known as lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS), autonomous weapon systems (AWS), robotic weapons or killer robots. LAWs may operate in the air, on land, on water, underwater, or in space. Being autonomous as a weapon Being "autonomous" has different meanings in different fields of study. In terms of military weapon development, the identification of a weapon as autonomous is not as clear as in other areas. The specific standard entailed in the concept of being autonomous can vary hugely between different scholars, nations and organizations. The official United States Department of Defense Policy on Autonomy in Weapon Systems, defines an Autonomous Weapons Systems as, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extrajudicial Killing
An extrajudicial killing (also known as an extrajudicial execution or an extralegal killing) is the deliberate killing of a person without the lawful authority granted by a judicial proceeding. It typically refers to government authorities, whether lawfully or unlawfully, targeting specific people for death, which in authoritarian regimes often involves political, trade union, dissident, religious and social figures. The term is typically used in situations that imply the human rights of the victims have been violated. Deaths caused by legal police actions (such as self defense) or legal warfighting on a battlefield are generally not included, even though military and police forces are often used for killings seen by critics as illegitimate. The label "extrajudicial killing" has also been applied to organized, lethal enforcement of extralegal social norms by non-government actors, including lynchings and honor killings. United Nations Morris Tidball-Binz was appointed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COVID-19 Pandemic In Iran
The COVID-19 pandemic in Iran has resulted in confirmed cases of COVID-19 and deaths. On 19 February 2020, Iran reported its first confirmed cases of infections in Qom. The virus may have been brought to the country by a merchant from Qom who had travelled to China. In response, the Government of Iran cancelled public events and Friday prayers; closed schools, universities, shopping centres, bazaars, and holy shrines; and banned festival celebrations. Economic measures were also announced to help families and businesses, and the pandemic is credited with compelling the government to make an unprecedented request for an emergency loan of five billion US dollars from the International Monetary Fund. The government initially rejected plans to quarantine entire cities and areas, and heavy traffic between cities continued ahead of Nowruz, despite the government's intention to limit travel. The government later announced a ban on travel between cities following an increase in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FAKHRAVAC
FAKHRAVAC () is a COVID-19 vaccine developed in Iran by the Organization of Defensive Innovation and Research, a subsidiary of Iran's Ministry of Defense. It is the third Iranian COVID-19 vaccine reaching clinical trials. It is currently in phase III. It received emergency use authorization in Iran on 9 September 2021. The vaccine is named after the Iranian nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh. According to the Iranian authorities, he was working on a vaccine in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Fakhrizadeh was assassinated in November 2020 in an attack Iran and US intelligence attributed to Israel. Medical uses It requires two doses given by intramuscular injection 3 weeks apart. Pharmacology FAKHRAVAC is an inactivated virus-based vaccine. Manufacturing In August 2021, production capacity of the vaccine was reported to be 1 million dose per month and was planned to be "multiplied in a few months ". In October 2021, the production was reported to be stopp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
COVID-19 Testing
COVID-19 testing involves analyzing samples to assess the current or past presence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that cases COVID-19 and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The two main types of tests detect either the presence of the virus or antibodies produced in response to infection. Molecular tests for viral presence through its molecular components are used to diagnose individual cases and to allow public health authorities to trace and contain outbreaks. Antibody tests (serology immunoassays) instead show whether someone once had the disease. They are less useful for diagnosing current infections because antibodies may not develop for weeks after infection. It is used to assess disease prevalence, which aids the estimation of the infection fatality rate. Individual jurisdictions have adopted varied testing protocols, including whom to test, how often to test, analysis protocols, sample collection and the uses of test results. This variation has likely significantly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AMAD Project
AMAD Project (or AMAD Plan, ) is an Iranian scientific project, started in 1989 and stopped in 2003 according to IAEA, that is suspected by Israel to have nonetheless continued, with the aim of developing nuclear weapons. Iran has denied the existence of any program aimed at the development of a nuclear explosive device, and in particular denied the existence of the AMAD Plan when reporting additional details to IAEA in 2015. IAEA investigation Starting in 2005, IAEA gathered information from its member states indicating that Iran had launched in the late 1980s a plan aimed at the development of a nuclear explosive device. This information indicated that these activities started within Departments of the Physics Research Centre (PHRC), and by the early 2000s came to be focused on projects of the Amad plan under the leadership of Mohsen Fakhrizadeh. According to IAEA, the programme gathered several projects aiming at designing and integrating nuclear payloads (projects 110 and 111 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Netanyahu
Benjamin Netanyahu (born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician who has served as the prime minister of Israel since 2022, having previously held the office from 1996 to 1999 and from 2009 to 2021. Netanyahu is the longest-serving prime minister in Israel's history, having served a total of over 17 years. Born to secular Jewish parents, Netanyahu was raised in West Jerusalem and the United States. He returned to Israel in 1967 to join the Israel Defense Forces and served in the Sayeret Matkal special forces as a captain before being honorably discharged. In 1972, he returned to the United States, and after graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Netanyahu worked for the Boston Consulting Group before moving back to Israel in 1978 to found the Yonatan Netanyahu Anti-Terror Institute. Between 1984 and 1988 Netanyahu was Israel's ambassador to the United Nations. Netanyahu rose to prominence after election as chair of Likud in 1993, becoming leader of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission or atomic bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear weapon), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb types release large quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. Nuclear bombs have had yields between 10 tons (the W54) and 50 megatons for the Tsar Bomba (see TNT equivalent). Yields in the low kilotons can devastate cities. A thermonuclear weapon weighing as little as can release energy equal to more than 1.2 megatons of TNT (5.0 PJ). Apart from the blast, effects of nuclear weapons include firestorms, extreme heat and ionizing radiation, radioactive nuclear fallout, an electromagnetic pulse, and a radar blackout. The first nuclear weapons were developed by the Allied Manhattan Project during World War II. Their production continues to require a large scientific and industrial complex, pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
