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Mohammad Hossein Esheni Qudejani
Mohammad Hossein Esheni or Mohammad Hossein Esheni Qudejani (1868 – May 5, 1956) was an Iranian Shia cleric and experienced Faqih. Birth ''Mohammad Hossein Esheni Qudejani'' was born around 1868 (1285 AH) in Qudejan village of Cheshmeh Sar Rural District in the Central District of Khansar County, Isfahan Province, Iran. He grew up in a sagacious and religious family and spent his childhood and adolescence under the tutelage of a sage pious father and a religious mother. His father ''Haaj Mulla Mohammad'' and his grandfather ''Haaj Mulla Ali'' were both Islamic scholars and ascetics of their time. ''Mohammad Hossein Esheni Qudejani'' lived in the village of Eshen for many years to propagate the rules and religion of Islam, and for this reason, he became known as "Esheni". Educations ''Mohammad Hossein Esheni Qudejani'', who had heard the fame of the Isfahan seminary and its ancient background many times, went to Isfahan and benefited greatly from the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hijri Year
The Hijri year ( ar, سَنة هِجْريّة) or era ( ''at-taqwīm al-hijrī'') is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar. It begins its count from the Islamic New Year in which Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathrib (now Medina). This event, known as the Hijrah, is commemorated in Islam for its role in the founding of the first Muslim community (''ummah''). In the West, this era is most commonly denoted as AH ( la, Anno Hegirae , 'in the year of the Hijra') in parallel with the Christian (AD), Common (CE) and Jewish eras (AM) and can similarly be placed before or after the date. In predominantly Muslim countries, it is also commonly abbreviated H ("Hijra") from its Arabic abbreviation '' hāʾ'' (). Years prior to AH 1 are reckoned in English as BH ("Before the Hijrah"), which should follow the date. A year in the Islamic lunar calendar consists of twelve lunar months and has only 354 or 355 days in its year. Consequently its New Year's Day oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isfahan Seminary
The Isfahan Seminary is one of the oldest seminaries in Isfahan, Iran. Currently, more than 40 schools in Isfahan province are under the supervision of the ''Management Center of Isfahan Seminary'' and the leadership of the supreme authority of Grand Ayatollah Hossein Mazaheri. History ''Isfahan Seminary'' has gone through four periods from the beginning until now. The first period is in the time of Buyid dynasty, in which great figures such as Avicenna and Al-Biruni taught in this seminary. The second period is in the Seljuk dynasty, in which the schools of this seminary expanded a lot. The third period is in the Safavid dynasty, which due to the transfer of the capital to Isfahan and the special attention of the Safavid kings, this seminary reached its peak of prosperity. The fourth period is from the end of the Safavid era to the present era. Overview of Isfahan The conquest of Isfahan took place in 643 CE (23 AH) during the caliphate of Omar and its rulers were appoint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golpayegan
Golpayegan ( fa, گلپایگان, Golpāyegān; also known as Shahr-e Golpāyegān meaning "City of Golpayegan") is a city and capital of Golpayegan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 217,849, in 44,263 families. Golpayegan is located northwest of Isfahan and southeast of Arak, Iran, Arak, situated at an altitude of 1,830 m. Its temperature fluctuates between +37° and -10° Celsius. Its average annual rainfall is 300 mm. Land of tulips Historically, the name of the town has been recorded as Vartpadegān, Jorfadeghan, Darbayagan, Kuhpayegan, and Golbādagān. Golpayegan means "fortress of flowers" and "land of tulips" ( fa, سرزمین گلهای سرخ, translit= Sarzamin-e golha-ye sorkh). According to Ḥamd-Allāh Mostawfi, the town of Golpāyegān was built by the daughter of Bahman, named Samra, also known as Homāy Bente Bahman in Persian language, Persian. History After Parsadan Gorgijanidze was dismissed from his post ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noureddin Qudejani Esheni
Noureddin Esheni Qudejani or Noureddin Qudejani Esheni (1903 – October 14, 1978) was an Iranian Shia cleric, famous preacher and orator of Isfahan, Faqih, lawyer and professor of Isfahan Seminary. He was the famous Salah al jama'ah imam of the Seyyed Mosque of Isfahan. He was one of the modernist clerics and the first cleric to study law and become a lawyer. Birth ''Noureddin Esheni Qudejani'' was born in 1903 (1321 AH) in the village of Eshen in Najafabad County, Isfahan Province, Iran. His father was Mohammad Hossein Esheni Qudejani. He was born in the family of science, ijtihad, and the house of virtue and morality, so he was educated and guided by his parents, and the ground was laid for his progress in the later stages. ''Seyyed Mosleh al-Din Mahdavi'' (''famous Iranian researcher and historian'') mentions ''Noureddin Esheni Qudejani'' 's birthplace in Najaf. Educations He began his education with his scientist father '' Mohammad Hossein Esheni Qu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) " e Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, with its followers ranging between 1-1.8 billion globally, or around a quarter of the world' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Najafabad County
Najafabad County ( fa, شهرستان نجف آباد) is in Isfahan province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkm .... The capital of the county is the city of Najafabad. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 279,014 in 73,711 households. Retrieved 26 October 2022 The following census in 2011 counted 300,288 people in 87,481 households. At the 2016 census, the county's population was 319,205 in 98,513 households. Administrative divisions The population history and structural changes of Najafabad County's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table. The latest census shows two districts, five rural districts, and five cities. See also * 8th Najaf Ashraf Division References Counties o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eshen
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Fethullah Qa'ravi Isfahani
Fethullah Qa'ravi Isfahani ( fa, فتحالله غروی اصفهانی; 1850–1920) was a Persian cleric and rebel. Early life He was the child of Mohammad Javad Namazi, the ''Marja'' of Isfahan. He studied at the Isfahan Seminary, the same Mashhad seminary that taught Mirza Hassan Nasrallah Madras, Ibrahim Boroujerdi, and Seyed Morteza Haeri. He returned to Isfahan in 1878. Career After the death of Muhammad Taqi Shirazi, he led an uprising against Iraqi and British influence in Iran. Teaching In 1896, he went to Mecca on the Hajj where he had discussions with Sunni scholars. His most important lessons were on:Life Grand Ayatollah Boroujerdi (RA), Mohammad Vaez Zadeh, Page 208 213. * Higher education jurisprudence * Commentary and Quranic sciences * Philosophy and theology Professors * Mirza Mohammad Hashim khansari [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Kazem Yazdi
Mohammed Kazem Tabataba'i Yazdi (; 1831–1919) was a Twelver Shia Marja' based in Najaf, most famous for compiling a collection of religious rulings, al-Urwa al-wuthqa. Constitutional Revolution He was apolitical, and therefore during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, he stayed neutral most of the times and seldom issued any political statement. Contrary to Akhund Khorasani, he thought that Usulism did not offer the liberty to support constitutional politics. In his view, politics was beyond his expertise and therefore he avoided taking part in it. While Akhund Khorasani was an eminent Marja' in Najaf, many imitators prayed behind Kazim Yazdi too, as his lesson on rulings (figh) was famous. In other words both Mohammad Kazem and Khorasani had constituted a great Shia school in Najaf although they had different views in politics at the same time. However, he was not fully supportive of the King Muhammad Ali Shah Qajar or Fazlullah Nouri, despite their efforts he didn't f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Kadhim Khorasani
Ayatullah Sheikh Muhammad Kazim Khurasani ( fa, ; 1839 – 12 December 1911), commonly known as Akhund Khurasani ( fa, ) was a Shia jurist and political activist. He is known for using his position as a Marja as legitimizing force behind the first democratic revolution of Asia that happened in Iran (1905–1911), where he was the main clerical supporter of the revolution. He believed that the democratic form of government would be the best possible choice in the absence of Imam and regarded the democratic constitutional revolution a ''Jihad'' (holy war) in which all Muslims had to participate. Along with Mirza Husayn Tehrani and Shaikh Abdallah Mazandarani, he led people against what they called a "state tyranny", issued fatwas, and "sent telegrams to tribal chiefs, prominent national and political leaders, and heads of state in England, France, Germany, and Turkey". When Mohammad Ali Shah became king of Iran, Mohammad Kazim Khorasani sent him a 'ten-point' instruction in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Najaf
Najaf ( ar, ٱلنَّجَف) or An-Najaf al-Ashraf ( ar, ٱلنَّجَف ٱلْأَشْرَف), also known as Baniqia ( ar, بَانِيقِيَا), is a city in central Iraq about 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2013 was 1,000,000 people. It is the capital of Najaf Governorate. It is widely considered amongst the holiest cities of Shia Islam and one of its spiritual capitals, whilst also remaining the center of Shia political power in Iraq. Name According to Ibn al-Manzur, the word, "najaf" (), literally means a high and rectangular place around which water is accumulated, although the water does not go above its level. Al-Shaykh al-Saduq appeals to a hadith from Imam al-Sadiq (a), claiming that "Najaf" comes from the phrase, "nay jaff" which means "the nay sea has dried" which gradually changed into "Najaf". "Najaf" is usually accompanied with the adjective, "al-Ashraf" (dignified). According to the author of ''al-Hawza al-'ilmiyya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to Iraq–Jordan border, the southwest and Syria to Iraq–Syria border, the west. The Capital city, capital and largest city is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Iraqi Turkmen, Turkmens, Assyrian people, Assyrians, Armenians in Iraq, Armenians, Yazidis, Mandaeans, Iranians in Iraq, Persians and Shabaks, Shabakis with similarly diverse Geography of Iraq, geography and Wildlife of Iraq, wildlife. The vast majority of the country's 44 million residents are Muslims – the notable other faiths are Christianity in Iraq, Christianity, Yazidism, Mandaeism, Yarsanism and Zoroastrianism. The official langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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