|
Modern Greek Enlightenment
The Modern Greek Enlightenment (also known as the Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment; , ''Diafotismós'' / , ''Neoellinikós Diafotismós'') was the Greek expression of the Age of Enlightenment, characterized by an intellectual and philosophical movement within the Greek community. At this time, many Greeks were dispersed across the Ottoman Empire, with some residing on the Ionian Islands, in Venice, and other parts of Italy. Leonardos Philaras, one of the early advocates for Greek independence, played a significant role before the movement truly gained momentum following his death. Throughout the Ottoman Empire, Greeks frequently participated in uprisings. Many Greeks living in Venice fought for the Venetian Empire against the Ottomans. Notable Greek painters in Venice who took part in these conflicts included Victor (painter), Philotheos Skoufos, and Panagiotis Doxaras. During the Modern Greek Enlightenment, Greek painting underwent a significant transformation. The traditio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermes The Scholar
Hermes (; ) is an Olympian deity in ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, mythology considered the herald of the gods. He is also widely considered the protector of human heralds, travelers, Theft, thieves, merchants, and orators. He is able to move quickly and freely between the worlds of the mortal and the divine aided by his winged sandals. Hermes plays the role of the psychopomp or "soul guide"—a conductor of souls into the Underworld, afterlife. In myth, Hermes functions as the Ambassador, emissary and messenger of the gods, and is often presented as the son of Zeus and Maia, the Pleiades (Greek mythology), Pleiad. He is regarded as "the divine trickster", about which the ''Homeric Hymn, Homeric Hymn to Hermes'' offers the most well-known account. Hermes's attributes and symbols include the herma, the rooster, the tortoise, wallet, satchel or pouch, talaria (winged sandals), and winged helmet or simple petasos, as well as the palm tree, goat, the number four, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Domenico Cassini
Giovanni Domenico Cassini (8 June 1625 – 14 September 1712) was an Italian-French mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and engineer. Cassini was born in Perinaldo, near Imperia, at that time in the County of Nice, part of the Savoyard state. He discovered four satellites of Saturn (planet), Saturn and noted the division of its rings, later named the Cassini Division. Cassini was also the first of his family to begin work on the project of creating a topographic map of France. In addition, he also created the first scientific map of the Moon. The Cassini–Huygens, ''Cassini'' space probe, launched in 1997, was named after him and became the fourth to visit Saturn and the first to orbit it. Life Time in Italy Cassini was the son of Jacopo Cassini, a Tuscan, and Giulia Crovesi. In 1648 Cassini accepted a position at the observatory at :it:Panzano, Castelfranco Emilia, Panzano (Castelfranco Emilia), near Bologna, to work with Marquis Cornelio Malvasia, a rich amateur astron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Women Of Souli Running To Their Death (Dance Of Zalongo)
''Greek Women of Souli Running to Their Death'' is an oil painting created by female French painter Constance Blanchard. Blanchard was born in Paris and she was active in the early part of the 19th century between 1820 and 1840. She created a painting entitled ''Jesus Christ'' in 1822 but also painted the full-length ''Portrait of Mademoiselle G (Portrait en Pied de Mme de G.)'' that same year. Two years later she won second place in an art competition and painted ''The Virgin Our Lady of Good Help (Une Vierge. Notre Dame de Bon Secours)'', a full-length ''Portrait of Madame la Marquise de la V. (Portrait en Pied de Mme la Marquise de la V)'' and she also painted additional portraits that same year. By 1831, she completed a work entitled ''Assumption of the Virgin (Une Assomption)'' and even more portraits. In 1835, she completed another version with the same theme of the ''Assumption of the Virgin (Une Assomption)'' and by 1838 she finished the ''Greek Women of Souli Running ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Of Greece
Otto (; ; 1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867) was King of Greece from the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece on 27 May 1832, under the Convention of London, until he was deposed in October 1862. The second son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, Otto ascended the newly created throne of Greece at age 17. His government was initially run by a three-man regency council made up of Bavarian court officials. Upon reaching his majority, Otto removed the regents when they proved unpopular with the people, and he ruled as an absolute monarch. Eventually, his subjects' demands for a constitution proved overwhelming, and in the face of an armed (but bloodless) insurrection, Otto granted a constitution in 1843. Throughout his reign, although Otto tried to make significant reforms to modernize Greece, seeing himself as Enlightened absolutist, establishing educational Institutions and several state services, he was unable to resolve Greece's major part of poverty and prevent economic meddling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neophytos Vamvas
Neophytos Vamvas (; 1770 – 9 January 1856) was a priest, philosopher, philologist, author, professor, and dean. He was the first dean of the philosophical school at the University of Athens. He is known for being part of the Neophytos incident. The incident was similar to the Methodios Affair an incident that occurred one hundred years prior. He was one of the most influential figures of modern Greek education. He was considered the teacher of the nation. Vamvas was born on the island of Chios in 1770. His secular name was Nikolaos. He was ordained a deacon at age 20 and in 1804 went to study in France where he met Adamantios Korais. On his return to Greece, he taught in Chios, at the Ionian Academy of Corfu, at the first High School (Gymnasium) of Syros and later in the newly founded University of Athens. His main contribution to Greek literature is his translation of the Bible into modern Greek (New Testament published in 1833, Old Testament published in 1850) an e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek War Of Independence
The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful war of independence by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1829. In 1826, the Greeks were assisted by the British Empire, Bourbon Restoration in France, Kingdom of France, and the Russian Empire, while the Ottomans were aided by their vassals, especially by the Eyalet of Egypt. The war led to the formation of modern Greece, which would be expanded to its modern size in later years. The revolution is celebrated by Greek diaspora, Greeks around the world as Greek Independence Day, independence day on 25 March. All Greek territory, except the Ionian Islands, the Mani Peninsula, and mountainous regions in Epirus, came under Ottoman rule in the 15th century. During the following centuries, there were Ottoman Greece#Uprisings before 1821, Greek uprisings against Ottoman rule. Most uprisings began in the independent Greek realm of the Mani Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philomuse Society
Philomuse Society or Philomousos Society () was the name of two philological organizations founded during the period of Ottoman rule over Greece before the 1821 Greek Revolution, with the aim of educating the Greeks and promoting philhellenism. These organizations were: * the Philomuse Society of Athens, founded by Athenian elders in 1813 with the help of the English, and * the Philomuse Society of Vienna, founded by Ioannis Kapodistrias in 1814, under the aegis of Tsar Alexander I of Russia. These societies were founded in the wake of the fall of Napoleon's dominion over Europe. The Western-educated Greeks, many of whom had been seized by the spirit of the French Revolution, had invested great hopes in Napoleon, whom they expected to support their aim for independence. Their foundation was part of a wider cultural awakening ("Modern Greek Enlightenment The Modern Greek Enlightenment (also known as the Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment; , ''Diafotismós'' / , ''Neoellinikós Dia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filiki Eteria
Filiki Eteria () or Society of Friends () was a secret political and revolutionary organization founded in 1814 in Odesa, Odessa, whose purpose was to overthrow Ottoman Empire, Ottoman rule in Ottoman Greece, Greece and establish an Independence of Greece, independent Greek State. (''retrieved from University of California Library'') Society members were mainly young Phanariot Greeks from Constantinople and the Russian Empire, local political and military leaders from the Greek mainland and islands, as well as several Orthodox Christian leaders from other nations that were under Hellenic influence, such as Karađorđe from Serbia, and Tudor Vladimirescu from Romania. One of its leaders was the prominent Phanariote Prince Alexander Ypsilantis. ''retrieved 9 May. 200Encyclopedia.com' The Society initiated the Greek War of Independence in the spring of 1821. Translations and transliterations The direct translation of the word "Φιλική" is "Friendly" and the direct translation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hellenic Nomarchy
''Hellenic Nomarchy'' ( ''The Greek rule of law'') was a pamphlet written by "an Anonymous Greek" published and printed in Italy in 1806. It advocated the ideals of freedom, social justice and social equality as the main principles of a well-governed society, making it the most important theoretical monument of Greek republicanism. Its author, arguing for both social autonomy and national sovereignty, supported the Greek struggle for national liberation and turned to the moral greatness of ancient Greece in order to stimulate collective pride. Although this work was widely read by Greeks before the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in 1821, from its first appearance it was received with discomfort by its contemporary audience, and later generated scholarly debates on the identity of its author. Background The origins of modern Greek republican thought can be traced in the works of Iosipos Moisiodax, a major representative of the modern Greek Enlightenment, especially in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamphlet Of Rigas Feraios
The Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios is a large chalcography (45 × 29 cm) printed in Vienna in 1797 by Rigas Feraios. It depicts a portrait of Alexander the Great framed by war scenes and portraits of his generals. The etching was incised by François Müller, who cooperated with Rigas for his cartographic work which he published the same year: Rigas' '' Map of Greece'' (1797), the '' New Map of Wallachia and part of Transylvania'' (1797) and the '' General Map of Moldavia'' (1797). It was released in 1200 copies from the printing press of Nitsch. One of the two copies that have been discovered in Greece is displayed in the National Historical Museum of Greece. Description The pamphlet is divided into two parts: the figurative and the explanatory. The iconographic representation occupies the largest part of the picture, while she is repeated in reduction in the left corner. The head of Alexander the Great (his identity is given in the explanatory) prevails in the center. He has l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian War Of Independence
The Peruvian War of Independence () was a series of military conflicts in Peru from 1809 to 1826 that resulted in the country's independence from the Spanish Empire. Part of the broader Spanish American wars of independence, it led to the dissolution of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's 1808 invasion of Spain resulted in the abdications of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII in favour of Joseph Bonaparte. In Spanish America, autonomous governments arose in the power vacuum. Initially Peru was a stronghold for royalists, with Viceroy José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa using Peru as a base for counterrevolutionary forces. In 1820, the Liberating Expedition of Peru, under the command of Argentine General San Martín forced the viceroyalty to abandon Lima and fortify itself in Cusco. But conflict between San Martin and Simón Bolívar at the Guayaquil Conference divided patriot forces. Aided by Bolivar fighting continued with the definitive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
