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Mo'araq
''Mo'araq'' (مُعَرَق, "inlay") is the Persian term for "cut-tile mosaic" techniques. It is part of the Classical ''opus sectile'' ("cut-stone mosaic") technique. It consists in using small shards of glazed colored tile, chipped and assembled precisely together in order to form a given design. This techniques allows for long-lasting designs with vibrant colours, and is the oldest mosaic technique used in the Middle East. In case of the specific use of ceramics, the term ''kǎši-ye mo'araq'' can be used. Early examples Fine decorative work with pre-formed (not "cut") monochromous tiles appears quite early with the Seljuk Kharraqan Towers (1067-1093). The evolution of the ''Mo'araq'' may have been progressive, as craftsmen increasing used pieces of enameled cut tiles inserted into wall surfaces for decorative purposes. The exact origin of pure ''Mo'araq'' is uncertain. One of the candidates for the earliest form of complete inlaid cut-tilework (with no intervening space be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Injuid
The Injuids (also Injus or House of Inju) were an Iranian peoples, Iranian dynasty of Persians, Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century. Its members became de facto independent rulers following the breakup of the Ilkhanate until their defeat in 1357 against the Muzaffarids (Iran), Muzaffarids. Before the breakup of the Ilkhanate The Injuids gained control of parts of Iran, mostly Fars province, Fars, in 1304 at the beginning of the reign of the Ilkhan Öljeitü. The Ilkhan had given Sharaf al-Din Mahmud Shah control of the ''injü'' (or ''inji''; the Mongol word for the royal estates). Before progressively gaining independence, the "Injuids" had been appointed initially by Öljeitü as "margrave", or local governors, for the area of Fars. Sharaf al-Din was reportedly descended from 'Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, Abd-Allah Ansari, an 11th-century mystic of Herat. His son, Amir Ghiyas al-Din Kai-Khusrau, assisted another family, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haft-rang
''Haft-rang'' ("seven colours") is a Persian term for a decorative technique for underglazed ceramic tiles. This decorative technique is also sometimes described as "''cloisonné''", "'' cuerda seca''" or "black line". The process begins with the application of multiple colours on square tiles coated with a white glaze. The colours are delineated with black painting so that they do not bleed into each other. Finally, the whole tile is fired in one step. This technique is decorative and relatively easy to deploy, especially compared to ''Mo'araq'', but it does not permit an optimum firing process for each of the colours. Hence the colours are weaker, less intense, less clearly delineated, and the glazes not as strong. Technique The ''Haft-rang'' technique for tiles only started to be used widely in the 17th century, although many examples are already known from the Timurid era, as in Gawhar Shad Madrasa (1418-1434) in Herat. Analysis of haft-rang tiles in Herat suggest the foll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (, ; ) was a culturally Persianate society, Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (White Sheep) (1378–1507) and Qaraoyunlu (Black Sheep). They were Persianate Turkoman Confederations of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Azerbaijan." Sunni Islam, SunniMichael M. Gunter, ''Historical dictionary of the Kurds'' (2010), p. 29 Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal confederation. Founded in the Diyar Bakr, Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, they ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1508, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Kingdom of Ormus, Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan. History Etymology The name Aq Qoyunlu, literally meaning "those with w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timurids
The Timurid Empire was a late medieval, culturally Persianate, Turco-Mongol empire that dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, the South Caucasus, and parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India, and Turkey. The empire was culturally hybrid, combining Turkic, Mongolic, and Persian influences, with the last members of the dynasty being regarded as "ideal Perso-Islamic rulers". The empire was founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a warlord of Turco-Mongol lineage, who established the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405. He envisioned himself as the great restorer of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan, regarded himself as Genghis's heir, and associated closely with the Borjigin. Timur continued vigorous trade relations with Ming China and the Golden Horde, with Chinese diplomats like Ma Huan and Chen Cheng regularly traveling west to Samarkand to buy and sell goods. The empire led to the Tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jameh Mosque Of Isfahan 2015 4
Jameh (, also Romanized as Jamʿeh) is a village in Pian Rural District, in the Central District of Izeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort .... At the 2006 census, its population was 29, in 5 families. References Populated places in Izeh County {{Izeh-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herat
Herāt (; Dari/Pashto: هرات) is an oasis city and the third-largest city in Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safēd Kōh'') in the fertile valley of the Hari River in the western part of the country. An ancient civilization on the Silk Road between West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia, it serves as a regional hub in the country's west. Herat dates back to Avestan times and was traditionally known for its wine. The city has a number of historic sites, including the Herat Citadel and the Musalla Complex. During the Middle Ages, Herat became one of the important cities of Khorasan, as it was known as the ''Pearl of Khorasan''. After its conquest by Tamerlane, the city became an important center of intellectual and artistic life in the Islamic world. Under the rule of Shah Rukh, the city served as the focal point of the Timurid Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulugh Beg Madrasa
The Ulugh Beg Madrasa ( Uzbek: ''Ulugʻbek madrasasi'') is a madrasa (Islamic school) in the historic center of Samarkand, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Uzbekistan.''Samarkand'' – Crossroad of Cultures. UNESCO World Heritage Centre – World Heritage List (whc.unesco.org). iEnglish iFrench iSpanish Retrieved 19 November 2020. Together with other monuments, it forms the monumental ensemble of Registan, the old heart of the city.. Versão ''online'': It was built between 1417 and 1421 by the then- Timurid governor of Samarkand, Ulugh Beg, Timur's grandson and prominent astronomer, who was later emperor between 1447 and 1449. The madrasa was an important teaching center of the Timurid Empire, where they taught some of the most outstanding scholars of their time, both religious and secular. It is the oldest building in Registan, the only one from the 15th century and the only survivor of a wider architectural ensemble, which included several mosques, caravanserais, a bazaar, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madrasa Imami
Madrasa (, also , ; Arabic: مدرسة , ), sometimes romanized as madrasah or madrassa, is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, secular or religious (of any religion), whether for elementary education or higher learning. In countries outside the Arab world, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the religion of Islam (loosely equivalent to a Seminary, Christian seminary), though this may not be the only subject studied. In an Islamic architecture, architectural and historical context, the term generally refers to a particular kind of institution in the historic Muslim world which primarily taught Sharia, Islamic law and Fiqh, jurisprudence (''fiqh''), as well as other subjects on occasion. The origin of this type of institution is widely credited to Nizam al-Mulk, a vizier under the Seljuk Empire, Seljuks in the 11th century, who was responsible for building the first network of official madrasas in Ira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
