|
Haft-rang
''Haft-rang'' ("seven colours") is a Persian term for a decorative technique for underglazed ceramic tiles. This decorative technique is also sometimes described as "''cloisonné''", "'' cuerda seca''" or "black line". The process begins with the application of multiple colours on square tiles coated with a white glaze. The colours are delineated with black painting so that they do not bleed into each other. Finally, the whole tile is fired in one step. This technique is decorative and relatively easy to deploy, especially compared to ''Mo'araq'', but it does not permit an optimum firing process for each of the colours. Hence the colours are weaker, less intense, less clearly delineated, and the glazes not as strong. Technique The ''Haft-rang'' technique for tiles only started to be used widely in the 17th century, although many examples are already known from the Timurid era, as in Gawhar Shad Madrasa (1418-1434) in Herat. Analysis of haft-rang tiles in Herat suggest the foll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haft-rang Tilework
''Haft-rang'' ("seven colours") is a Persian term for a decorative technique for underglazed ceramic tiles. This decorative technique is also sometimes described as "''cloisonné''", "''cuerda seca''" or "black line". The process begins with the application of multiple colours on square tiles coated with a white glaze. The colours are delineated with black painting so that they do not bleed into each other. Finally, the whole tile is fired in one step. This technique is decorative and relatively easy to deploy, especially compared to ''Mo'araq'', but it does not permit an optimum firing process for each of the colours. Hence the colours are weaker, less intense, less clearly delineated, and the glazes not as strong. Technique The ''Haft-rang'' technique for tiles only started to be used widely in the 17th century, although :File:Colored-glaze_“cloisonné”_tile_found_in_the_area_of_M5_(south-eastern_minaret_of_the_Gawhar_Shad_madrasa),_Musalla_complex._Herat_National_Museum.jpg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuerda Seca
__NOTOC__ ''Cuerda seca'' (Spanish for "dry cord") is a technique used when applying coloured ceramic glaze, glazes to ceramic surfaces. Description When different coloured glazes are applied to a ceramic surface, the glazes have a tendency to run together during the firing process. In the ''cuerda seca'' technique, the water-soluble glazes are separated on the surface by thin lines of a greasy substance to prevent them running out of their delineated areas. A dark pigment such as Manganese(II) carbonate, manganese carbonate is usually mixed with the grease to produce a dark line around each coloured area. History The origin of the technique is not known for certain. Many scholars believe that the ''cuerda seca'' technique originated primarily in al-Andalus (Islamic Spain and Portugal) in the second half of the 10th century, during the Caliphate of Córdoba, Umayyad period (citing Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad-era examples from Suza, Iran, Suza). Scholar Juan Zozaya argues that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mo'araq
''Mo'araq'' (مُعَرَق, "inlay") is the Persian term for "cut-tile mosaic" techniques. It is part of the Classical ''opus sectile'' ("cut-stone mosaic") technique. It consists in using small shards of glazed colored tile, chipped and assembled precisely together in order to form a given design. This techniques allows for long-lasting designs with vibrant colours, and is the oldest mosaic technique used in the Middle East. In case of the specific use of ceramics, the term ''kǎši-ye mo'araq'' can be used. Early examples Fine decorative work with pre-formed (not "cut") monochromous tiles appears quite early with the Seljuk Kharraqan Towers (1067-1093). The evolution of the ''Mo'araq'' may have been progressive, as craftsmen increasing used pieces of enameled cut tiles inserted into wall surfaces for decorative purposes. The exact origin of pure ''Mo'araq'' is uncertain. One of the candidates for the earliest form of complete inlaid cut-tilework (with no intervening space be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gawhar Shad Madrasa (Herat)
The Musalla complex ("Prayer complex", ), also known as the Musallah Complex or the Musalla of Gawhar Shah, is a former Islamic religious complex located in Herat, Afghanistan, containing examples of Timurid architecture. Much of the 15th-century complex is in ruins today, and the buildings that still stand are in need of restoration. The complex ruins consist of the five Musallah Minarets of Herat, the Mir Ali Sher Navai mausoleum, the Gawhar Shad Mausoleum, the ruins of the Gawhar Shad mosque, the Gawhar Shad madrasa complex, and the Sultan Husayn Bayqara madrasa and mausoleum complex. Construction on the complex began in 1417 under Queen Gawharshad, the wife of Timurid ruler Shah Rukh, and ended in the late 1400s with the building of a madrassa by Sultan Husayn Bayqara. It was seriously damaged in 1885 during the Panjdeh incident, when the British and ruling Emir of Afghanistan demolished most of the complex buildings. Due to earthquakes and war, four additional minaret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Architectural Elements
Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Other uses * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan-ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian languages, a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages * Iranian.com, also known as ''The Iranian'' and ''The Iranian Times'' See also * Persian (other) * Iranians (other) * Languages of Iran * Ethnicities in Iran * Demographics of Iran * Indo-Iranian languages * Irani (other) * List of Iranians This is an alphabetic list of notable people from Iran or its historical predecessors. In the news * Ali Khamenei, supreme leader of Iran * Ebrahim Raisi, former president of Iran, former Chief Justice of Iran. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Art
Persian art or Iranian art () has one of the richest art heritages in world history and has been strong in many media including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and sculpture. At different times, influences from the art of neighbouring civilizations have been very important, and latterly Persian art gave and received major influences as part of the wider styles of Islamic art. This article covers the art of Persia up to 1925, and the end of the Qajar dynasty; for later art see Iranian modern and contemporary art, and for traditional crafts see arts of Iran. Rock art in Iran is its most ancient surviving art. Iranian architecture is covered at that article. From the Achaemenid Empire of 550 BC–330 BC for most of the time a large Iranian-speaking state has ruled over areas similar to the modern boundaries of Iran, and often much wider areas, sometimes called Greater Iran, where a process of cultural Persianization left enduring results even w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isfahan
Isfahan or Esfahan ( ) is a city in the Central District (Isfahan County), Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is the capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is located south of Tehran. The city has a population of approximately 2,220,000, making it the third-most populous city in Iran, after Tehran and Mashhad, and the second-largest metropolitan area. Isfahan is located at the intersection of the two principal routes that traverse Iran, north–south and east–west. Isfahan flourished between the 9th and 18th centuries. Under the Safavid Iran, Safavid Empire, Isfahan became the capital of Iran, for the second time in its history, under Abbas the Great. It is known for its Persian architecture, Persian–Islamic architecture, Muslim architecture, grand boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, tiled mosques, and minarets. Isfahan also has many historical buildings, monuments, paintings, and artifacts. The fame of Isfahan led to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shah Mosque (Isfahan)
The Shah Mosque (), also officially known as the Imam Mosque or Imam Khomeini Mosque, is a mosque located on the south side of Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Esfahan, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. Its construction began in 1611, during the Safavid Empire under the order of Abbas the Great, and was completed . It is regarded as one of the masterpieces of Persian architecture in the Islamic era. The mosque is registered, along with the Naghsh-e Jahan Square and other surrounding structures, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 6 January 1932, administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran. The mosque is depicted on the reverse of the Iranian 20,000 rials banknote. History In 1598, when Shah Abbas decided to move the capital of his Persian empire from the northwestern city of Qazvin to the central city of Isfahan, he initiated what would become one of the greatest programs in Persian history ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mina'i Ware
ware is a type of Persian pottery, or Islamic pottery, developed in Kashan in the decades leading up to the Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia in 1219, after which production ceased. It has been described as "probably the most luxurious of all types of ceramic ware produced in the eastern Islamic lands during the medieval period". The ceramic body of white-ish fritware or stonepaste is fully decorated with detailed paintings using several colours, usually including figures. It is significant as the first pottery to use overglaze enamels, painted over the ceramic glaze fixed by a main glost firing; after painting the wares were given a second firing at a lower temperature. "" (), a term only used for these wares much later, means "enamelled" in the Persian language. The technique is also known as ''haft-rang'', "seven colours" in Persian. This term was used by the near-contemporary writer Abu al-Qasim Kasani, who had a pottery background. This technique much later beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosaic
A mosaic () is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/Mortar (masonry), mortar, and covering a surface. Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly popular in the Ancient Rome, Ancient Roman world. Mosaic today includes not just murals and pavements, but also artwork, hobby crafts, and industrial and construction forms. Mosaics have a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean civilisation, Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman dynasty, Norman Kingdom of Sicily in the 12th century, by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami Mausoleum
The Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami Mausoleum (; ), also known as the Tomb of Ahmad-e Jam and as the Turbat-i Shaykh Jam, is a Sunni mausoleum and shrine complex located in Torbat-e Jam, in the province of Razavi Khorasan, Iran. The complex includes a collection of religious buildings, mosques, houses and tombstones all around the central tomb of Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami, an Iranian sufi who lived between 1048 and 1141. The mausoleum was added to the Iran National Heritage List on 6 January 1932 and is administered by the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran. History The shrine complex of Turbat-i Shaykh Ahmad-i Jam is located in the Khorasan province on the eastern Iranian plateau. It commemorates Sheikh Ahmad-i Jami (Ahmad ibn Abu'l Hasan), a Sufi theologian and poet who spent most of his life in the small town of Buzajan (or Puchkan), which was renamed Turbat-i Jam (Tomb of Jam) after his death in . The shrine that gradually developed around the Sheikh's gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
