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Mirkhvand
Muhammad ibn Khvandshah ibn Mahmud, more commonly known as Mirkhvand ( fa, میرخواند, also transliterated as Mirkhwand; 1433/34 – 1498), was a Persian historian active during the reign of the Timurid ruler Sultan Husayn Bayqara (). He is principally known for his universal history, the ("The garden of purity"), which he wrote under the patronage of the high-ranking functionary Ali-Shir Nava'i (died 1501). According to the German orientalist Bertold Spuler, the is the greatest universal history in Persian regarding the Islamic world. Life Born in in the city of Bukhara in Timurid-ruled Transoxiana, Mirkhvand belonged to a family of , descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the son of Burhan al-Din Khvandshah (died 1466/7), who was a disciple of the Sufi shaykh Baha al-Din Umar Jaghara'i (died 1453) in the city of Herat, where Mirkhvand's family had distinguished themselves. Mirkhvand's brother was the (head of religious fundings) of the Timurid crown pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khvandamir
Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, commonly known as Khvandamir (also spelled Khwandamir; 1475/6 – 1535/6) was a Persian historian who was active in the Timurid, Safavid and Mughal empires. He is principally known for his Persian universal history, the '' Habib al-siyar'' ("The beloved of careers"), which was regarded by both the Safavids and Mughals as their first official court account. Another notable work by Khvandamir is the ''Qanun-i Humayuni'' ("The regulations of Humayun"), a biography of the Mughal emperor Humayun (), which has important information regarding the early Mughal symbolism of rulership. Khvandamir is buried near the shrine of Nizamuddin Auliya (died 1325) in Delhi, India. Background Khvandamir was the son of Humam al-Din Muhammad, who was the vizier of Sultan Mahmud Mirza (), the ruler of the northern Timurid branch in Transoxiana. However, Khvandamir's family lived in Herat, the capital of the southern Timurids. Khvandamir was tutored by his maternal g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali-Shir Nava'i
'Ali-Shir Nava'i (9 February 1441 – 3 January 1501), also known as Nizām-al-Din ʿAli-Shir Herawī ( Chagatai: نظام الدین علی شیر نوایی, fa, نظامالدین علیشیر نوایی) was a Timurid poet, writer, statesman, linguist, Hanafi Maturidi mystic and painter who was the greatest representative of Chagatai literature. Nava'i believed that his native Chagatai Turkic language was superior to Persian for literary purposes, an uncommon view at the time and defended this belief in his work titled '' Muhakamat al-Lughatayn'' (''The Comparison of the Two Languages''). He emphasized his belief in the richness, precision and malleability of Turkic vocabulary as opposed to Persian. Because of his distinguished Chagatai language poetry, Nava'i is considered by many throughout the Turkic-speaking world to be the founder of early Turkic literature. Many places and institutions in Central Asia are named after him. Life Alisher Nava'i was born ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rawżat Aṣ-ṣafāʾ
''Rawżat aṣ-ṣafāʾ fī sīrat al-anbiyāʾ w-al-mulūk w-al-khulafāʾ'' (, ‘The Gardens of purity in the biography of the prophets and kings and caliphs’) or Rawdatu 's-safa is a Persian-language history of the origins of Islam, early Islamic civilisation, and Persian history by Mīr-Khvānd.Imamate The text was originally completed in seven volumes in 1497 AD; the eighth volume is a geographical index.Salaam Knowledge /ref> The work is very scholarly, Mīr-Khvānd used nineteen major Arabic histories and twenty-two major Persian ones as well as others which he occasionally quotes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Razzaq Samarqandi
Abd-al-Razzāq Samarqandī ( fa, کمالالدین عبدالرزاق بن اسحاق سمرقندی, ''Kamal-ud-Din Abd-ur-Razzaq ibn Ishaq Samarqandi''; 1413–1482) was a Persian Timurid chronicler and Islamic scholar. He was for a while the ambassador of Shah Rukh, the Timurid dynasty ruler of Persia. In his role as ambassador he visited Kozhikode in western India in the early 1440s. He wrote a narrative of what he saw in Calicut which is valuable as information on Calicut's society and culture. He is also the producer of a lengthy narrative or chronicle of the history of the Timurid dynasty and its predecessors in Central Asia, but this is not so valuable because it is mostly a compilation of material from earlier written sources that are mostly available from elsewhere in the earlier form. Early life Abd-al-Razzāq was born in Herat on 7 November 1413. His father Jalal-ud-Din Ishaq was the qazi and imam of the Shah Rukh's court in Herat. He studied with his father and hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rüstem Pasha
Rüstem Pasha (; ota, رستم پاشا; 1505 – 10 July 1561) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier to Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. Rüstem Pasha is also known as Damat Rüstem Pasha (the epithet '' damat'' meaning 'son-in-law' ) as a result of his marriage to the sultan's daughter, Mihrimah Sultan, in 1539. He is regarded as one of the most influential and successful grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire. Rustem Pasha was taken as a child to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), where he built a military and bureaucratic career. On 26 November 1539, he married Mihrimah Sultan, the daughter of Sultan Suleiman I and his wife Hurrem Sultan. His brother Sinan Pasha was an Ottoman grand admiral. Early life Rustem is referred to as a Croat by Tayib Osman-zade Ahmed, author of 'Hadikatul vuzara' and the Turkish encyclopedia Kamus-ul-alam. He is also referred to as a Croat by the Turkish historiographer Mustafa Âlî, although other sources suggest differe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Vizier
Grand vizier ( fa, وزيرِ اعظم, vazîr-i aʾzam; ota, صدر اعظم, sadr-ı aʾzam; tr, sadrazam) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. The office of Grand Vizier was first held by officials in the later Abbasid Caliphate. It was then held in the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Sokoto Caliphate the Safavid Empire and Morocco. In the Ottoman Empire, the Grand Vizier held the imperial seal and could convene all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state; the viziers in conference were called "''Kubbealtı'' viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the ''Kubbealtı'' ('under the dome') in Topkapı Palace. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte. Today, the Prime Minister of Pakistan is referred to in Urdu as ''Wazir-e-azam'', which translates literally to Grand Vizier. Initially, the Grand Viziers were exclusively of Turk origin in the Ottoman Empire. However, after there were troubles b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the Ottoman wars in Europe, conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman Anatolian beyliks, beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Sule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharafnama
The ''Sharafnama'' ( Kurdish: شەرەفنامە Şerefname, "The Book of Honor", Persian: Sharafname, شرفنامه) is the famous book of Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi (a medieval Kurdish historian and poet) (1543–1599), which he wrote in 1597, in Persian. ''Sharafnama'' is regarded as an important and oldest source on Kurdish history. It deals with the different Kurdish dynasties such as, Saladin the Great and his Ayyubid Dynasty, ancient and Medieval Kurdish principalities in the Middle-East and the Caucasus, as well as some mentioning about the pre-Islamic ancestors of the Kurds. History Sharaf Khan Bidlisi was born on February 25, 1543, son of ''Shamsaddin Batlisi'', in the Garmrood village. In 1576 Tahmasp I, Tahmasb of the Safavids gives him the title the ''Mir (title), Mir'' of ''Mirs'' ("amir al-umara, commander of commanders"); appoints him leader of all List of Iranian Kurds, Iranian Kurdish tribes. In 1578, ''Sharafkhan'' abandons his previous stand, and supports ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharaf Khan Bidlisi
Sharaf al-Din Khan b. Shams al-Din b. Sharaf Beg Bedlisi (Kurdish language, Kurdish: شەرەفخانی بەدلیسی, ''Şerefxanê Bedlîsî''; fa, شرفالدین خان بن شمسالدین بن شرف بیگ بدلیسی; 25 February 1543 – ) was a Kurdish people, Kurdish Emirate of Bitlis, Emir of Bitlis. He was also a historian, writer and poet. He wrote exclusively in Persian language, Persian. Born in the Qara Rud village, in central Iran, between Arak and Qom, at a young age he was sent to the Safavid, Safavids' court and obtained his education there. He is the author of Sharafnama, one of the most important works on medieval Kurdish history, written in 1597. He created a good picture of Kurdish life and List of Kurdish states and territories, Kurdish dynasties in the 16th century in his works. Outside Iran and Kurdish language, Kurdish-speaking countries, Sharaf Khan Bidlisi has influenced Kurdish literature and societies through the translation of his work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarikh-i Bayhaq
''Tarikh-i Bayhaq'' ( fa, تاریخ بیهق) is a book on the history of Bayhaq, written in the Persian language in the 12th century, by Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi. Contents The ''Tarikh-i Bayhaq'' contains invaluable information about the Eastern parts of Iran during Ghaznavid and Seljuk eras. Its most important aspect is that it is based on earlier sources which are no longer available. Bayhaqi stated the ''Tarik-i Bayhaq'' was written using an earlier history of Bayhaq and the ''Târîkh `Ulamâ' Ahl Naysabûr'' by Al-Hakim Nishapuri. Bayhaq makes note of Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi's work, ''Tarikh-i Bayhaqi'', stating it consisted of 30 volumes and that he had seen partial sets in Sarakhs and Nishapur, but never complete sets. Ahmad ibn Mohammad Khwafi states the ''Tarikh-i Bayhaq'' was completed in c.1150/544 AH during the reign of Sultan Sanjar of Seljuk Empire, but according to Bayhaqi, the book was completed in c.1168/563 in Sheshtomad. Yaqut al-Hamawi and Fasih Khafi Fasih ( a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Funduq
Zahir al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Zayd-i Bayhaqi ( fa, ظهیرالدین ابوالحسن علی بن زید بیهقی; c. 1097 – 1169) also known as Ibn Fondoq (ابن فندق) was an Iranian polymath and historian of Arab descent. He is the author of '' Tarikh-i Bayhaq''. Ancestry Bayhaqi was a descendant of Khuzaima ibn Thabit (died 657), a companion of Muhammad. Most of his forefathers were either judges or Imams. Biography Bayhaqi was born in Sabzevar, in northeastern Iran, the main city of the Bayhaq district, where his father’s estates were located. In 1114, Bahyaqi along with his father visited Omar Khayyam, the famous Persian mathematician and astronomer, in Nishapur and while there Bayhaqi began his education in literature and science. He moved to Marv to complete his studies in Islamic jurisprudence by 1123. He returned to Nishapur in c.1127 where according to Yaqut al-Hamawi, his studies were "interrupted by marriage". Bayhaqi became the qadi of Bayhaq throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yazdagird III Flees To The Mill In Merv (CBL Per 254 , also sometimes spelled Yazad
{{Disambig, hndis ...
Yazdegerd, Yazdgerd, Yazdigird, or Yazdagird (Inscriptional pal, 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 or ''Yazdgird'', ''Yazdkirt''; fa, یزدگرد ''Yazdgerd''; ar, یزدجرد ''Yazdijird'') may refer to: *Yazdegerd I (r. 399–420), Sasanian King of Persia *Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457), Sasanian King, son of Bahram V *Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651), last king of the Sasanian Empire *Yazdagird (Bavandid ruler) (r. 1271–1300), ruler in Mazandaran *Yazdgerd, Lorestan, a village in Lorestan Province, Iran See also * Yazata Yazata ( ae, 𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀) is the Avestan word for a Zoroastrian concept with a wide range of meanings but generally signifying (or used as an epithet of) a divinity. The term literally means "worthy of worship or veneration",.. and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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