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Mir Zaman Khan
Ghazi Mir Zaman Khan, who became known as ''Loy Khan Ghazi Mir Zaman Khan Kunari'' was a Royal Afghan Army General and War Hero of the Afghan War of Independence who fought for Pashtun freedom against the British Empire. He is regarded as a National Hero in Afghanistan. Early life Mir Zaman was born the son of Haji Gulroz Khan in 1869 in Lamattak village, Kunar Province of Afghanistan. He is identified with the Safi tribe. His great-grandfather was Mohammad Akram Khan who left the Tirah Valley due to tribal conflict and settled in Kunar. PSDP (2018) Pashtoonkhwa Biographies - Ghazi Mirzaman' Politics and military career From a young age Mir Zaman felt a strong hostility towards the British Raj and its encroachment on the Pashtunistan area. This drew him closer to the tribal leaders of the North-West Frontier of British India leading him to join them in the ''Sra Ghaza'' (Red Jihad) of 1908 during the Bazar Valley and Mohmand Expedition.Zamani Family - Wayback Machine Ghazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunar Province
Kunar (Pashto: ; Dari: ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital is Asadabad. Its population is estimated to be 508,224. Kunar's major political groups include Wahhabis or Ahl-e- Hadith, ''Nazhat-e Hambastagi Milli, Hezb-e Afghanistan Naween, Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin''. It is one of the four " N2KL" provinces (Nangarhar Province, Nuristan Province, Kunar Province and Laghman Province). N2KL was the designation used by the US and Coalition Forces in Afghanistan for the rugged region along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border opposite Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (merged in 2018 with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Kunar is the center of the N2KL region. Kunar, along with Nuristan, was part of the borderlands known as Kafiristan, and until a few decades ago, it was never considered a true part of Afghanistan. Kunar is a sparsely populated, mountainous, forested border area. Geography Kunar province is loca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashtunistan
Pashtunistan () or Pakhtunistan is a historical region on the crossroads of Central and South Asia, located on the Iranian Plateau, inhabited by the Pashtun people of southern and eastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan, wherein Pashtun culture, the Pashto language, and identity have been based. Alternative names historically used for the region include Pashtūnkhwā or Pakhtūnkhwā (), Pathānistān, or simply the Pashtun Belt. During British rule in India in 1893, Mortimer Durand drew the Durand Line, fixing the limits of the spheres of influence between the Emirate of Afghanistan and British India during the Great Game and leaving about half of historical Pashtun territory under British colonial rule; after the partition of British India, the Durand Line now forms the internationally recognized border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The traditional Pashtun homeland stretches roughly from the areas south of the Amu River in Afghanistan to the areas west of the Indus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Ahmad Khan
Amir Ali Ahmad Khan, ''Shaghasi'' (; 1883–1929) was an Afghan king from the Shaghasi family of the Barakzai tribe who was declared king of Afghanistan twice in 1929. He was first declared amir of Afghanistan by an influential cleric, Naqib Sahib on 20 January 1929, in eastern Afghanistan, but was defeated by Kalakani at Jagdalak on 19 February 1929. He was also declared as the amir of Afghanistan for the second time on 23 June 1929 in Kandahar, Afghanistan, by another highly influential Mufti Abd. Wasi Kandahari, but was defeated and captured by Kalakani on 3 July 1929. Khan was born in 1883 in Mashhad, Persia. He was the son of ''Loinab'' Khushdil Khan, and grandson of ''Loinab'' Shirdil Khan Shaghasi. Ali Ahmad Khan was educated in Murree (British India) and served as chamberlain ''Isk Aqasi'' (''Shaghasi),'' of Amir Habibullah Khan. Ali Ahmad Shaghasi played a leading role in negotiating the controversial Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 during the reign of his brother-in-law Am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amanullah Loyalism
Amanullah loyalism was a series of early 20th century movements in the Kingdom of Afghanistan to restore Amanullah Khan as king of Afghanistan after he was deposed in January 1929 during the Afghan Civil War. Loyalists were sometimes referred to as Amanite. Loyalists tried to achieve this in various ways, including armed rebellions, political parties, colluding with foreign powers and assassinations. These movements petered out by the late 1940s. Amanullah died in exile in 1960 in Zürich, Switzerland, without ever regaining control, except a brief period of control in southern Afghanistan in the 1929 Afghan Civil War. Background Amanullah Khan became emir of Afghanistan in 1919, assuming the title of king from 1926. His administration was marked by liberalization and westernization of the country. Mohammad Nadir Khan, a close associate of Amanullah, voiced opposition to his reforms, fearing reaction from the conservative establishment. In 1928–1929, Afghanistan spiralled i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khost Rebellion (1924–1925)
The Khost rebellion, also known as the 1924 Mangal uprising, the Khost revolt or the Mangal Revolt was an uprising against the Westernization and modernizing reforms of Afghanistan’s king, Amanullah Khan. The uprising was launched in Southern Province, Afghanistan, and lasted from March 1924 to January 1925. It was fought by the Mangal Pashtun tribe, later joined by the Sulaiman Khel, Ali Khel, Jaji, Jadran and Ahmadzai tribes. After causing the death of over 14,000 Afghans, the revolt was finally quelled in January 1925. It was the first conflict to involve the Afghan Air Force. Background Prior to 1924, the city of Khost had rebelled twice: the first rebellion took place from 1856 to 1857 and was fought by Khostwal and Waziri tribesmen against the rule of Dost Mohammad Khan. The second rebellion took place in 1912 and was a rebellion by the Mangal, Jadran, and Ghilzai tribes against the "rapacity and exactions" of the local governor, and saw Habibullah Kha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalalabad
Jalalabad (; Help:IPA/Persian, [d͡ʒä.lɑː.lɑː.bɑːd̪]) is the list of cities in Afghanistan, fifth-largest city of Afghanistan. It has a population of about 200,331, and serves as the capital of Nangarhar Province in the eastern part of the country, about from the capital Kabul. Jalalabad is located at the junction of the Kabul River and the Kunar River in a plateau to the south of the Hindu Kush mountains. It is linked by the Kabul-Jalalabad Road to the west and Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to the east through Torkham border crossing, Torkham and the Khyber Pass. Jalalabad is a leading center of social and trade activity because of its proximity with the Torkham border checkpoint and border crossing, away. Major industries include papermaking, as well as agricultural products including oranges, lemon, rice, and sugarcane, helped by its warm climate. It hosts Afghanistan's second largest educational institute, Nangarhar University. For centuries the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jirga
A jirga (, ''jərga'') is an assembly of leaders that makes decisions by consensus according to Pashtunwali, the Pashtun social code. It is conducted in order to settle disputes among the Pashtuns, but also by members of other ethnic groups who are influenced by them in present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan. Historically, a ''loya jirga'' or a "great council" has been convened in order to elect a new head of state, approve a new constitution or resolve critical issues. ''Loya jirgas'' have reportedly been organized since the rise to power of the Hotak dynasty in the early 18th century. In July 1747, Pashtun chiefs assembled in Kandahar to elect a new king, choosing the 25-year-old Ahmad Shah Durrani, who is credited with founding the modern state of Afghanistan. From 11 to 14 October 2024, the Pashtun National Jirga was held in Khyber to discuss the critical issues faced by the Pashtuns in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Etymology The word ''jirga'' is cognate to Middle Mongol n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arandu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Arandu () is a town in the Lower Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The town is on the banks of the Landai Sin River just above its confluence with the Kunar River. Arandu lies on the border with Kunar Province, Afghanistan. History Anglo-Afghan War of 1919 During the Afghan War of Independence in 1919, the area was part of the ''Chatral front'' of the war where the Afghans invaded British India and were led to victory over the British Empire and its British Indian Army, Raj Subjects by Mir Zaman Khan. Demography Ethnically most residents are Khowar people, Khowar, and Gawar-Bati is the language spoken by the majority of the people in Arandu. As Arandu has a low elevation and is the last village in Chitral District on the traditional trade route to Kabul, locally this language is also known as ''Aranduiwar''. Pashto language, Pashto, Urdu, and Khowar language, Khowar are also spoken and understood. Geography Arandu is located on the banks of the Landai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asmar, Afghanistan
Asmar () is a river valley and a town in the northeastern Kunar province of Afghanistan, which serves as the district center of Bar Kunar district. The Kunar River flows in the valley. History The area was likely once a distant part of the ancient Gandhara. It was claimed by the Kushans, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Mughals and others before being conquered by Nader Shah and Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1738. Forces of British India unsuccessfully attempted to take it from Afghan Emir Abdur Rahman Khan in the 19th century. Anglo-Afghan War of 1919 During the 1919 Afghan War of Independence the area was part of the ''Chatral front'' of the war where the tribes of the area were led to victory over the British Empire and its Raj Subjects by Ghazi Mir Zaman Khan. Soviet-Afghan War During the 1980s Soviet war in Afghanistan, the Afghan mojahiddin forces used Asmar as one of their escape routes to neighboring Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. It was recently occupied by the NATO forces, mainly b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amanullah Khan
Ghazi (warrior), Ghazi Amanullah Khan (Pashto/Dari: ; 1 June 1892 – 26 April 1960) was the head of state, sovereign of Afghanistan from 1919, first as Emirate of Afghanistan, Emir and after 1926 as Kingdom of Afghanistan, King, until his abdication in 1929. After the end of the Third Anglo-Afghan War in August 1919, Afghanistan was able to relinquish its British protectorate#List of former British protected states, protected state status to proclaim independence and pursue an independent foreign policy free from the influence of the United Kingdom. His rule was marked by dramatic political and social change, including attempts to modernise Afghanistan along Western lines. He did not fully succeed in achieving this objective due to an uprising by Habibullah Kalakani and his followers. On 14 January 1929, Amanullah abdicated and fled to neighbouring British India as the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929), Afghan Civil War began to escalate. From British India, he went to Europe, whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habibullah Khan
Habibullah Khan (Pashto/Dari: ; 3 June 1872 – 20 February 1919) was the Emir of Afghanistan from 1901 until his assassination in 1919 by Shuja-ud-Daula Ghourbandi. He was the eldest son of the Emir Abdur Rahman Khan, whom he succeeded by right of primogeniture in October 1901. His grandfather was Mohammad Afzal Khan. Early life Habibullah was the eldest son of Emir Abdur Rahman, and was born in Samarkand, Uzbekistan to a Pashtun family in 1872. He had a younger brother, born on December 7, 1874, Nasrullah Khan (Afghanistan), Nasrullah Khan. Reign Habibullah was a relatively reform-minded ruler who attempted to modernize his country. During his reign he worked to bring modern medicine and other technology to Afghanistan. Many people who were forced into exile by his father were returned to Afghanistan by a general amnesty decreed by Habibullah. In 1901, Habibullah passed a law forcing Hindu men to wear yellow turbans and women to wear a yellow veil in public in order to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durand Line
The Durand Line (; ; ), also known as the Afghanistan–Pakistan border, is a international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan in South Asia. The western end runs to the border with Iran and the eastern end to the border with China. The Durand Line was established in 1893 as the international border between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the British Indian Empire by Mortimer Durand, a British diplomat of the Indian Civil Service, and Abdur Rahman Khan, the List of monarchs of Afghanistan, Emir of Afghanistan, to fix the limit of their respective Sphere of influence, spheres of influence and improve diplomatic relations and trade. Britain considered Afghanistan to be an independent state at the time, although they controlled its Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Afghanistan), foreign affairs and Foreign relations of Afghanistan, diplomatic relations. The single-page Agreement, dated 12 November 1893, contains seven short articles, including a commitment not to exercise Intervent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
