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Mir Ali Tabrizi
Mir Ali Tabrizi () was a distinguished Persian calligrapher of the 14th century, to whom the invention of Nas-Taliq calligraphy style is attributed. Early life He lived in the 14th century. Historians have not been able to unveil details of Mir Ali's life yet. It is known that he lived in Tabriz and was a poet as well as an adept calligrapher (see Dehkhoda dictionary). Nas-Taliq calligraphy He is known as father of Nas-Taliq, the most popular style of Persian calligraphy. He was thus titled "Qodwat al-Kottab" (literally 'the chief of the scribes'). He invented this beautiful calligraphy style by means of combining two older styles together (Naskh and Taliq). Nas-Taliq is a light and elegant cursive script as other types of Islamic calligraphy. In contrast to other Islamic scripts, the Nas-Taliq has characters that appear to swing from the upper right to the lower left of each word as if suspended by an imaginary line. It featured elongated horizontal strokes and exaggerated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folio From A Khusraw U Shirin By Nizami (d
The term "folio" () has three interconnected but distinct meanings in the world of books and printing: first, it is a term for a common method of arranging sheets of paper into book form, folding the sheet only once, and a term for a book made in this way; second, it is a general term for a sheet, leaf or page in (especially) manuscripts and old books; and third, it is an approximate term for the size of a book, and for a book of this size. First, a folio (abbreviated fo or 2o) is a book or pamphlet made up of one or more full sheets of paper, on each of which four pages of text are printed, two on each side; each sheet is then folded once to produce two leaves. Each leaf of a folio book thus is one half the size of the original sheet. Ordinarily, additional printed folio sheets would be inserted inside one another to form a group or "gathering" of leaves prior to binding the book. Second, folio is used in terms of page numbering for some books and most manuscripts that are bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Calligraphy
Persian calligraphy or Iranian calligraphy () is the calligraphy of the Persian language. It is one of the most revered arts throughout the history of Iran. History After the introduction of Islam in the 7th century, Persians adapted the Arabic alphabet to Persian and developed the contemporary Persian alphabet. The Arabic alphabet has 28 characters. An additional four letters were added by Iranians, which resulted in the 32 letters currently present in the Persian alphabet. Around one thousand years ago, Ibn Muqlah () and his brother created six genres of Iranian calligraphy, namely " Mohaqiq", " Reyhan", " Sols", " Naskh", " Toqi" and " Reqa". These genres were common for four centuries in Persia. In the 7th century (Hijri calendar), Hassan Farsi Kateb combined the "Naskh" and "Reqa" styles and invented a new genre of Persian calligraphy named " Ta'liq". In the 14th century, Mir Ali Tabrizi combined two major scripts of his time, i.e. Naskh and Taliq, and created a new Pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nastaʿlīq Script
''Nastaliq'' (; ; ), also romanized as ''Nastaʿlīq'' or ''Nastaleeq'' (), is one of the main calligraphic hands used to write Arabic script and is used for some Indo-Iranian languages, predominantly Classical Persian, Kashmiri, Punjabi and Urdu. It is often used also for Ottoman Turkish poetry, but rarely for Arabic. ''Nastaliq'' developed in Iran from '' naskh'' beginning in the 13th century and remains widely used in Iran, India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and other countries for written poetry and as a form of art. History The name ''Nastaliq'' "is a contraction of the Persian (), meaning a hanging or suspended '' naskh.''" Virtually all Safavid authors (like Dust Muhammad or Qadi Ahmad) attributed the invention of to Mir Ali Tabrizi, who lived at the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century. That tradition was questioned by Elaine Wright, who traced the evolution of ''Nastaliq'' in 14th-century Iran and showed how it developed gradually among scribes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tabriz
Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the List of largest cities of Iran, sixth-most-populous city in Iran. Tabriz is in the Quri Chay, Quru River valley in Iran's historic Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region between long ridges of volcanic cones in the Sahand and Eynali mountains. Tabriz's elevation ranges between above sea level. The valley opens up into a plain that gently slopes down to the eastern shores of Lake Urmia, to the west. The city was named World Carpet Weaving City by the World Crafts Council in October 2015 and Exemplary Tourist City of 2018 by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. With a population of over 1.7 million (2016), Tabriz is the largest economic hub and metropolitan area in northwest Iran. The population is bilingual with most peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehkhoda Dictionary
The ''Dehkhoda Dictionary'' or ''Dehkhoda Lexicon'' ( or ) is the largest comprehensive Persian encyclopedic dictionary ever published, comprising 200 volumes. It is published by the Tehran University Press (UTP) under the supervision of the Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute. It was first published in 1931. It traces the historical development of the Persian language, providing a comprehensive resource to scholars and academic researchers, as well as describing usage in its many variations throughout the world. The complete work is an ongoing effort that has taken over forty-five years of effort by Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda and a cadre of other experts. Although ''Dehkhoda'' covers a big part of literary terms and words in Persian, the first edition of it lacks most scientific and technology terms coined by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature during the past decades. However the newer editions cover them. Dehkhoda states in the preface of the first edition of the dictionar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Calligraphy
Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of penmanship and calligraphy, in the languages which use Arabic alphabet or the Arabic script#Additional letters used in other languages, alphabets derived from it. It is a highly stylized and structured form of handwriting that follows artistic conventions and is often used for List of Islamic texts, Islamic religious texts, Islamic architecture, architecture, and Islamic decoration, decoration. It includes Arabic calligraphy, Arabic, Persian calligraphy, Persian, Ottoman Turkish alphabet, Ottoman, and Urdu script, Urdu calligraphy.Chapman, Caroline (2012). ''Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture'', It is known in Arabic language, Arabic as (), literally meaning "line", "design", or "construction". The development of Islamic calligraphy is strongly tied to the Qur'an, as chapters and verses from the Qur'an are a common and almost universal text upon which Islamic calligraphy is based. Although artistic depictions of people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jafar Tabrizi
Jaʿfar Tabrīzī (full name: Mawlana Farīd al-Dīn Jaʿfar b. ʿAlī Tabrīzī Baysunghurī) (also known as Qeblat al-Kottāb) ( fl 1412-33) was an Iranian calligrapher and master of nastaliq script. Biography Born in Tabriz, according to Dust Muhammad, Ja‛far was trained in the classic six scripts (''al-aqlam al-sitta'') by Shams al-Din Qattabi, whose line of tutelage went back to ‛Abdallah Sayrafi (d. after 1345/46). His teacher of nastaliq was ‛Abdallah, son of Mir Ali Tabrizi (14th/15th century), traditionally recognized as inventor of this script. After youth in Tabriz Ja‛far moved to Herat, where he served at the court of Shah Rukh (r. 1405-1447) and supervised the scriptorium (''kitābkhāna'') of prince Baysunghur, thereby gaining the epithet Baysunghuri. A unique report (Pers. ''‛arẓadāsht'') from c. 1429 preserved in Topkapı Palace Library (H2153, f.98a) gives us a glimpse into how this royal book atelier functioned. Ja‛far was in charge of forty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herat
Herāt (; Dari/Pashto: هرات) is an oasis city and the third-largest city in Afghanistan. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 574,276, and serves as the capital of Herat Province, situated south of the Paropamisus Mountains (''Selseleh-ye Safēd Kōh'') in the fertile valley of the Hari River in the western part of the country. An ancient civilization on the Silk Road between West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia, it serves as a regional hub in the country's west. Herat dates back to Avestan times and was traditionally known for its wine. The city has a number of historic sites, including the Herat Citadel and the Musalla Complex. During the Middle Ages, Herat became one of the important cities of Khorasan, as it was known as the ''Pearl of Khorasan''. After its conquest by Tamerlane, the city became an important center of intellectual and artistic life in the Islamic world. Under the rule of Shah Rukh, the city served as the focal point of the Timurid Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Calligraphers
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of King Charles IV of France led to a claim to the French throne by King Edward III of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and the Ottoman Empire. In History of Asia, Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever established by a si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muslim Artists
:''This is a subarticle to Muslim, artists and Islamic art.'' A Muslim painter is a Muslim that is or was engaged in painting or drawing. This is an incomplete list of notable Muslim painters. * Abed Abdi (born 1942), Palestinian painter * Zainul Abedin (1914-1976), Bangladeshi painter * Affandi (1907-1990), Indonesian painter * İsmail Acar (born 1971), Turkish painter * Lubna Agha (1942-2012), Pakistan-born American painter * Shakir Ali (1916-1975), Pakistani painter and lecturer * Abdur Rahman Chughtai (1894-1975), Pakistani painter and intellectual * Ismail Gulgee (1926-2007), Pakistani painter * M. F. Husain (1915-2011), Indian painter * Kartika Affandi (born 1934), Indonesian painter, daughter of Affandi * Hédi Khayachi (1882-1948), Tunisian painter * Tyeb Mehta (1925-2009), Indian painter * Mochtar Apin (1932-1994), Indonesian painter and lecturer * Sughra Rababi (1922-1994), Pakistani painter * Sadequain (1923-1987), Pakistani painter and poet * SM Sult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calligraphers From Tabriz
Calligraphy () is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a pen, ink brush, or other writing instruments. Contemporary calligraphic practice can be defined as "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious, and skillful manner". In East Asia and the Islamic world, where written forms allow for greater flexibility, calligraphy is regarded as a significant art form, and the form it takes may be affected by the meaning of the text or the individual words. Modern Western calligraphy ranges from functional inscriptions and designs to fine-art pieces where the legibility of letters varies. Classical calligraphy differs from type design and non-classical hand-lettering, though a calligrapher may practice both. CD-ROM Western calligraphy continues to flourish in the forms of wedding invitations and event invitations, font design and typography, original hand-lettered logo design, religious art, announcements, graphic design an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
