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Michailo Drahomanov
Mykhailo Petrovych Drahomanov (; 18 September 1841 – 2 July 1895) was a Ukrainian intellectual and public figure. As an academic, Drahomanov was an economist, historian, philosopher, and ethnographer, while as a public intellectual he was a political theorist with socialist leanings, perhaps best known as one of the first proponents of Ukrainian autonomism. For Drahomanov, ethnographic studies had a deep influence on his political ideas, and his politics in turn motivated study of particular areas of Ukrainian folk literature. Biography Early life in Poltava (1841-1859) Mykhailo Drahomanov was born on , into a minor noble family of Zaporozhian Cossack ancestry, in Hadiach, a town in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire. His family's status meant Drahomanov was closely acquainted with the ideas of progressivism from an early age. His father, , was influenced by the liberal ideas of the Enlightenment and provided legal aid to serfs and military conscripts. His uncle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadiach
Hadiach (, ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city in Myrhorod Raion, Poltava Oblast in east-central Ukraine. It hosts the administration of . Hadiach is located on the Psel (river), Psel River. Population: Name In addition to the Ukrainian language, Ukrainian (''Hadiach''), in other languages the name of the city is , and . Overview Hadiach was granted Magdeburg rights, city rights in 1634. At various times it was administratively located in the Kiev Voivodeship, Cossack Hetmanate, and Poltava Governorate. It was the place of signing of the Treaty of Hadiach in 1658. In 1661 it was granted by the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to Yurii Khmelnytsky. At times of Cossack Hetmanate, Hadiach was a residence of Hetman of Zaporizhian Host, Ukrainian Hetman Ivan Briukhovetsky, election of which saw division of the Hetmanate along the Dnieper river (see The Ruin (Ukrainian history)). Hadiach is one of the main points of interest to Hasidic Jews visiting Ukraine due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Ukraine
The history of Ukraine spans thousands of years, tracing its roots to the Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe—one of the key centers of the Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages, Indo-European migrations, and early domestication of the horse, horse domestication. In antiquity, the region was home to the Scythians, followed by the gradual expansion of List of early Slavic peoples#East Slavs, Slavic tribes. The northern Black Sea coast saw the influence of Greek Crimea, Greek and Roman Crimea, Roman colonies, leaving a lasting cultural legacy. Over time, these diverse influences contributed to the development of early political and cultural structures.(Link does not exist anymore) Ukraine enters into written history with the establishment of the medieval state of Kievan Rus'. In Dnieper Ukraine, the tribe of Polans (eastern), Polans played a key role in the formation of the state, adopting the name ''Names of Rus', Russia and Ruthenia, Rus''' by the 9th century. The term is believed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serfdom
Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism and similar systems. It was a condition of debt bondage and indentured servitude with similarities to and differences from slavery. It developed during late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages in Europe and lasted in some countries until the mid-19th century. Unlike slaves, serfs could not be bought, sold, or traded individually, though they could, depending on the area, be sold together with land. Actual slaves, such as the kholops in Russia, could, by contrast, be traded like regular slaves, abused with no rights over their own bodies, could not leave the land they were bound to, and marry only with their lord's permission. Serfs who occupied a plot of land were required to work for the lord of the manor who owned that land. In return, they were entitled to protection, justice, and the right to cultivate certain fields within the manor to maintain their own subsistence. Serfs wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Age Of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was a Europe, European Intellect, intellectual and Philosophy, philosophical movement active from the late 17th to early 19th century. Chiefly valuing knowledge gained through rationalism and empiricism, the Enlightenment was concerned with a wide range of social and Politics, political ideals such as natural law, liberty, and progress, toleration and fraternity (philosophy), fraternity, constitutional government, and the formal separation of church and state. The Enlightenment was preceded by and overlapped the Scientific Revolution, which included the work of Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Pierre Gassendi, Christiaan Huygens and Isaac Newton, among others, as well as the philosophy of Descartes, Hobbes, Spinoza, Leibniz, and John Locke. The dating of the period of the beginning of the Enlightenment can be attributed to the publication of René Descartes' ''Discourse on the Method'' in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Liberalism
Classical liberalism is a political tradition and a branch of liberalism that advocates free market and laissez-faire economics and civil liberties under the rule of law, with special emphasis on individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, political freedom and freedom of speech. Classical liberalism, contrary to progressive branches like social liberalism, looks more negatively on social policies, taxation and the state involvement in the lives of individuals, and it advocates deregulation. Until the Great Depression and the rise of social liberalism, classical liberalism was called economic liberalism. Later, the term was applied as a retronym, to distinguish earlier 19th-century liberalism from social liberalism. By modern standards, in the United States, the bare term ''liberalism'' often means social or progressive liberalism, but in Europe and Australia, the bare term ''liberalism'' often means classical liberalism. Classical liberalism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressivism
Progressivism is a Left-right political spectrum, left-leaning political philosophy and Reformism, reform political movement, movement that seeks to advance the human condition through social reform. Adherents hold that progressivism has universal application and endeavor to spread this idea to human societies everywhere. Progressivism arose during the Age of Enlightenment out of the belief that civility in Europe was improving due to the application of new Empirical evidence, empirical knowledge.Harold Mah''Enlightenment Phantasies: Cultural Identity in France and Germany, 1750–1914'' Cornell University. (2003). p. 157. In modern political discourse, progressivism is often associated with social liberalism, a left-leaning type of liberalism, and social democracy. Within economic progressivism, there is some ideological variety on the social liberal to social democrat continuum, as well as occasionally some variance on cultural issues; examples of this include some Christian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaporozhian Cossacks
The Zaporozhian Cossacks (in Latin ''Cossacorum Zaporoviensis''), also known as the Zaporozhian Cossack Army or the Zaporozhian Host (), were Cossacks who lived beyond (that is, downstream from) the Dnieper Rapids. Along with Registered Cossacks and Sloboda Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossacks played an important role in the history of Ukraine and the ethnogenesis of Ukrainians. The Zaporozhian Sich grew rapidly in the 15th century from serfs fleeing the more controlled parts of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The least controlled region, that was located between the Dniester and mid-Volga was first known from the 15th century as the '' Wild Fields'', which was subject to colonization by the Zaporozhian Cossacks.Shcherbak, V.Wild Field (ДИКЕ ПОЛЕ). ''Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine''. 2004 Zaporozhian Host became established as a well-respected political entity with a parliamentary system of government. During the course of the 16th, 17th and well into the 18th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petty Nobility
The minor or petty nobility is the lower nobility classes. Finland Petty nobility in Finland is dated at least back to the 13th century and was formed by nobles around their strategic interests. The idea was more capable peasants with leader roles in the local community that were given tax exemption for taking care of services like guard duties of local strongholds. Cavalry service was not required from these petty noble families. Later on, many of these petty noble families gained full nobility ranking. Finnish '' Vehkalahti'' is particularly noted in literature for having been an example of such petty nobility (Finnish: ''knaappiaateli''). Georgia The ''aznauri'' (აზნაური) were the untitled nobility of medieval and early modern Georgia, ranked below the ''didebuli'' (grandees), '' eristavi'' (dukes), ''tavadi'' (princes), and '' mtavari'' (dynastic princes), with the ruling Bagrationi dynasty being at the top. They were further divided into the ''mamaseulni'' (� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialism
Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes the Economic ideology, economic, Political philosophy, political, and Social theory, social theories and Political movement, movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can take various forms, including State ownership, public, Community ownership, community, Collective ownership, collective, cooperative, or Employee stock ownership, employee.: "Just as private ownership defines capitalism, social ownership defines socialism. The essential characteristic of socialism in theory is that it destroys social hierarchies, and therefore leads to a politically and economically egalitarian society. Two closely related consequences follow. First, every individual is entitled to an equal ownership share that earns an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olena Pchilka
Olha Petrivna Kosach (birth name, née Drahomanova 29 June 1849 – 4 October 1930), better known by her pen name Olena Pchilka (), was a Ukrainians, Ukrainian publisher, writer, ethnographer, interpreter, and civil activist. She was the sister of Mykhailo Drahomanov and the mother of Lesya Ukrainka, Olha Kosach-Kryvyniuk, Mykhailo Kosach, Oksana Kosach-Shymanovska, Mykola Kosach, Izydora Kosach-Borysova and Yuriy Kosach. Early years Pchilka was born in Hadiach, into the family of a local landowner, Petro Drahomanov. She received a basic education at home and completed her education at the Exemplary Boarding School of Noble Maidens (Kyiv) in 1866. She married Petro Kosach sometime in 1868 and soon moved to Zviahel, Novohrad-Volynskyi, where he worked. Her daughter Lesya Ukrainka was born there. Pchilka is, perhaps, the most well-known Ukrainian female poet. She died in Kyiv, aged 81. Pchilka recorded folk songs, folk customs, and rites, and collected folk Ukrainian emb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesya Ukrainka
Lesya Ukrainka (, ; born Larysa Petrivna Kosach, ; – ) was one of Ukrainian literature's foremost writers, best known for her poems and plays. She was also an active political, civil, and feminist activist. Among her best-known works are the collections of poems ''On the Wings of Songs'' (1893), ''Thoughts and Dreams'' (1899), ''Echos'' (1902), the epic poem ''Ancient Fairy Tale'' (1893), ''One Word'' (1903), plays ''Princess'' (1913), ''Cassandra'' (1903–1907), ''In the Catacombs'' (1905), and '' Forest Song'' (1911). Biography Lesya Ukrainka was born in 1871 in the town of Novohrad-Volynskyi (now Zviahel) of Ukraine. She was the second child of Ukrainian writer and publisher Olha Drahomanova-Kosach, better known under her pen-name Olena Pchilka. Ukrainka's father was Petro Kosach (from the Kosača noble family), head of the district assembly of conciliators, who came from the northern part of Chernihiv province. After completing high school in Chernihiv Gymnasium, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lidia Shishmanova
Lidia Shishmanova (17 October 1866 – 7 February 1937) was a Ukrainian and Bulgarian writer, journalist, theatre and music critic, translator and social activist. Early life and family Lidia Shishmanova was born Lidia Drahomanova, on 17 October 1866 in Kiev, Ukraine. Her father was a philosopher, historian, and folklorist Professor Mykhailo Drahomanov, and her mother a famous actress, Ludmila Drahomanova. Having received an education including other Western European languages, as well as theatre and music, Lidia also travelled extensively with her parents. She received a degree from the Faculty of Philology of the University of Geneva. On 28 December 1888, she married Ivan Shishmanov. They had one son, Dimitar Shishmanov. The couple moved to Bulgaria in 1889, where Shishmanova established herself as an active public figure in the areas of women's rights, the development of Bulgarian art and culture and presenting the cause of Bulgaria in Europe after the Balkan Wars. Writi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
