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Mian Atur Khan Kalhoro
The Kalhora dynasty () was a Sindhi Muslim Kalhora tribe dynasty based in the region of Sindh, present day Pakistan. The dynasty governed much of Sindh and parts of Kutch (present-day Gujarat, India) between 1701 and 1783 from their capital of Khudabad, before shifting to Hyderabad from 1768 onwards. They were assigned to hold authority by the Mughal Grand Vizier Mirza Ghazi Beg. History Kalhora governance of Sindh began around the start of the 18th century when Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was invested with title of ''Khuda Yar Khan'' and was made subedar of Upper Sindh by royal decree of the Mughals. Later, after his death, his son was additionally appointed subedar of Sehwan and thus oversaw most of Sindh. The Kalhora dynasty succumbed during the invasion of Nader Shah. Sind was then conquered by Ahmad Shah Durrani from 1748-1750 making the ruling Kalhora dynasty a vassal under suzerainty of the Durrani Empire. The Kalhora emirs also took part in the historic Third Battle of P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sindhi Language
Sindhi ( ; or , ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by more than 30 million people in the Pakistani province of Sindh, where it has official status, as well as by 1.7 million people in India, where it is a Scheduled languages of India, scheduled language without state-level official status. Sindhi is primarily written in the Perso-Arabic script in Pakistan, while in India, both the Perso-Arabic script and Devanagari are used. Sindhi is a Northwestern Indo-Aryan languages, Northwestern Indo-Aryan language, and thus related to, but not mutually intelligible with, Saraiki language, Saraiki and Punjabi language, Punjabi. Sindhi has several regional dialects. The earliest written evidence of modern Sindhi as a language can be found in a translation of the Qur’an into Sindhi dating back to 883 AD. Sindhi was one of the first Indo-Aryan languages to encounter influence from Persian language, Persian and Arabic following the Umayyad campaigns in India, Umayyad conquest in 712 AD. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar (; 6 August 1698 or 22 October 1688 – 20 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian history, ruling as shah of Iran (Persia) from 1736 to 1747, when he was assassinated during a rebellion. He fought numerous campaigns throughout the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and South Asia, emerging victorious from the battles of Herat, Mihmandust, Murche-Khort, Kirkuk, Yeghevārd, Khyber Pass, Karnal, and Kars. Because of his military genius,The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant "Nader commanded the most powerful military force in Asia, if not the world" (quote from publisher's summary) some historians have described him as the '' |
Kalhora Dynasty
The Kalhora dynasty () was a Sindhi Muslim Kalhora tribe dynasty based in the region of Sindh, present day Pakistan. The dynasty governed much of Sindh and parts of Kutch (present-day Gujarat, India) between 1701 and 1783 from their capital of Khudabad, before shifting to Hyderabad from 1768 onwards. They were assigned to hold authority by the Mughal Grand Vizier Mirza Ghazi Beg. History Kalhora governance of Sindh began around the start of the 18th century when Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was invested with title of ''Khuda Yar Khan'' and was made subedar of Upper Sindh by royal decree of the Mughals. Later, after his death, his son was additionally appointed subedar of Sehwan and thus oversaw most of Sindh. The Kalhora dynasty succumbed during the invasion of Nader Shah. Sind was then conquered by Ahmad Shah Durrani from 1748-1750 making the ruling Kalhora dynasty a vassal under suzerainty of the Durrani Empire. The Kalhora emirs also took part in the historic Third Bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Monarchs Of Sindh
This is a list of the monarchs of Sindh ( Sindhi: سنڌ جا بادشاهہَ, romanized: ''Sindh Jā Bādshāha''), from the establishment of the Ror dynasty around 450 BC until the conquest of Sindh from the Talpur dynasty by the East India Company in 1843. Ror dynasty (450 BC–489 AD) Known rulers of the Ror dynasty are: Rai dynasty (480–632 AD) Known rulers of the Rai dynasty are: Brahmin dynasty (632–712 AD) The known rulers of the Brahmin dynasty are: Vilayet As-Sindh (Umayyad Caliphate) (712–750 AD) In 712, Sind was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate. The emirs appointed by the caliphate are as below; Vilayet As-Sindh (Abbasid Caliphate)(750–861 AD) Habbari dynasty (861–1010 AD) The Habbari rulers stylised themselves as Emirs. ''Note: the dates below are only approximate.'' Soomra dynasty (1010–1351 AD) The list of Soomra rulers is as follows; Samma dynasty (1336–1524 AD) The Samma dynasty which was a Muslim dynasty of Sindh who suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mian Sarfraz Kalhoro
Mian Muhammad Sarfraz Khan Kalhoro () also known as Khudayar Khan, was a member of the Kalhora dynasty who ruled Sindh as the 5th Nawab. He held office from 1772 to 1775, having gained it on the death of his father, Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro. He owed his aligence to Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II (a puppet ruler under Marathas) and was given the title of ''Khudayar Khan'' by the him. He was killed by his uncle in 1775 and buried in Hyderabad, Sindh Hyderabad, also known as Neroonkot, is the capital and largest city of the Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the List of cities in Sindh by population, second-largest city in Sindh, after Karachi, and the List of citie .... References {{Reflist People from Sind State Kalhora dynasty 1775 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Muradyab Khan (Nawab Sarbuland Khan)
Mian Muhammad Muradyab Khan Kalhoro ( Sindhi: مياں محمد مرادیاب خان ڪلهوڙو) was a Kalhora noble. He was the 2nd Nawab of Sindh succeeding Noor Mohammad Kalhoro. He was given the Imperial title of Sarbuland Khan by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. Early life Muhammad Muradyab Khan was the eldest son of Mian Nur Muhammad. His brothers included Khudadad Khan, Ghulam Shah, and Muhammad Atur Khan. Atur Khan was his full brother, both sharing the same mother. In 1732 (1145 AH), Muhammad Muradyab was married to a daughter of Murad Ali Khan, a cousin of the Khan of Kalat. At some point, he also became married to a daughter of the Imam of Muscat. After Nader Shah captured Kandahar in 1737 (1150 AH), he planned to go through Sindh on his way to India. He had sent notice of this plan to Mian Nur Muhammad, who then sent Muhammad Muradyab to secure Thatta while he himself went to secure Ladkanah. Muhammad Muradyab arrived at Thatta at the end of Dhu al-Qa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Shah
Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar; 7 August 1702 – 26 April 1748) was the thirteenth Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the Sayyid Brothers of Barha, he ascended the throne at the young age of 16, under their strict supervision. He later got rid of them with the help of Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I – Syed Hussain Ali Khan was murdered at Fatehpur Sikri in 1720 and Sayyid Hassan Ali Khan Barha was captured in battle in 1720 and fatally poisoned in 1722. Muhammad Shah was a great patron of the arts, including musical, cultural and administrative developments, he is thus often referred to as Muhammad Shah Rangila (). His pen-name was "Sadrang" and he is also sometimes referred to as "Bahadur Shah Rangila" after his grand father Bahadur Shah I. Muhammad Shah's reign was marked by rapid and irreversible decline of the Mughal Empire that was exacerbated by Nader Shah's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noor Mohammad Kalhoro
Mian Noor Muhammad Khan Kalhoro (6 August 1698 – 19 June 1755) () ruled Sindh as the Subahdar of the Mughal Emperor from 1719 till 1737. He then consolidated his power over the entire Sindh, subjugating Bakhar Sarkar (Northern Sindh), Sehwan Sarkar (Central Sindh), and Thatta Sarkar (Southern Sindh), and thus established a sovereign state, independent of Mughal suzerainty. In 1737, Kalhoro assumed the title of ''Kalhora Nawab of Sindh'' and was given the title ''Nawab Khuda-Yar Khan'' by the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. In 1739, during Nader Shah's invasion of India, Mian fled to Umerkot for shelter but was captured by the King of Iran. Mian Noor Mohammad Kalhoro sent a small force to assassinate Nader Shah and turn events in favor of the Mughal Emperor during the Battle of Karnal The Battle of Karnal (Persian Language, Persian: نبرد کرنال) (24 February 1739) was a decisive victory for Nader Shah, the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Persian Empire, I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mir Ali Sher Qani Thattvi
Mir ʿAlī Sher Thattvi, also known by his pen name Qāniʿ/Ḳāniʿ (b. 1727 - d. 1788), was a prominent Sindhi Sunni Muslim historian, poet, and scholar from Thatta, Sindh. He was the son of ʿIzzat Allāh al-Ḥusaynī al-S̲h̲īrāzī. He began composing poetry at 12 years of age. He received his education from local scholars, some of whom are mentioned in his work "Maḳālāt-al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ" He studied the "Fatawa-e-Alamgiri" and independently wrote essays, marking the start of his prolific career. In 1761, he was commissioned by G̲h̲ulām S̲h̲āh ʿAbbāsī, the Kalhoro ruler of Sindh, to write a Persian history of the ruling dynasty, modelled after the " S̲h̲āhnāma" of Firdawsī, though this project remained incomplete. Five years later, he compiled "Tuḥfat al-kirām," which he completed in 1767. Qaune's literary contributions cover various topics, including the works of Al-Ghazali and Rumi. He has authored over more than forty-two works in total. Majo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir
Emir (; ' (), also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch of a sovereign principality, namely an emirate. The feminine form is emira ( '), with the same meaning as "princess". Prior to its use as a monarchical title, the term "emir" was historically used to denote a "commander", "general", or "leader" (for example, Amir al-Mu'min). In contemporary usage, "emir" is also sometimes used as either an honorary or formal title for the head of an Islamic, or Arab (regardless of religion) organisation or movement. Qatar and Kuwait are the only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talpur Dynasty
The Talpur dynasty () was a Baloch people in Sindh, Baloch dynasty that ruled the Sind State (present-day Sindh, Pakistan) after overthrowing the Kalhora dynasty in 1783 until British conquest of Sindh in 1843. A branch of the family continued to rule Khairpur (princely state), Khairpur, under Suzerainty#India, British suzerainty and later as a Princely states of Pakistan, Pakistani princely state, until 1955 when it was amalgamated into West Pakistan. For most of their rule, they were subordinate to the Khanate of Kalat and subject to the Durrani Empire, being forced to pay tribute to them. History The Talpurs were ethnically Sindhi language, Sindhi-speaking Baloch people, and were descendants of Mir Sulaiman Kako Talpur, who had arrived in Sindh from Choti Bala in southern Punjab. The Talpurs had served the Kalhora dynasty until 1775, when the Kalhora ruler had ordered the assassination of the chief of the Talpur, Talpur clan, Mir Bahram Khan, leading to a revolt among th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro
Mian Muhammad Ghulam Shah Kalhoro (1724 – 1772, ) was a member of the Kalhora dynasty who, in 1757, was enthroned as the 3rd Nawab of Sindh by tribal chiefs of Kalhora, replacing his brother Mian Muradyab Kalhoro. He was recognized and given the titles of Shah Wardi Khan and Samsam-ud-Daulah by the Afghan Emperor Ahmad Shah Durrani. He was able to bring stability to Sindh after the rule of Noor Mohammad Kalhoro; he reorganized the country and submitted to the authority of Marathas in 1758. Ghulam Shah also ordered construction of the Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. The tomb of Ghulam Shah Kalhoro is situated in Hyderabad, Sindh. See also *Third Battle of Panipat The Third Battle of Panipat took place on 14 January 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the invading army of the Durrani Empire. The battle took place in and around the city of Panipat, approximately north of Delhi. The Afghan (ethnonym), Af ... * Shrine of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Notes Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
