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Mexcala Formosa
''Mexcala formosa'' is a species of jumping spider in the genus ''Mexcala'' that is endemic to Ethiopia. The spider was first defined in 2008 by Wanda Wesołowska and . It mimics ants, living alongside and preying upon them. Only the male has been described. It is a medium-sized spider, with a cephalothorax typically long and an abdomen typically long. The carapace is dark brown and the eye field black. The spider is similar to the related ''Mexcala agilis'' and ''Mexcala elegans'', but can be distinguished by its thinner tibial apophysis and the white scales on its cymbium. Taxonomy ''Mexcala formosa'' is a jumping spider that was first described by the Polish arachnologists Wanda Wesołowska and Beata Tomasiewicz in 2008. They allocated the species to the genus ''Mexcala'', first raised by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1902. The genus was a member of the tribe Heliophaninae alongside '' Pseudicius'' and '' Cosmophasis'', which was absorbed into Chrysillini b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexcala
''Mexcala'' is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1902. The name is probably derived from the Nahuatl ''mezcal''. Species it contains twenty-one species, found only in Africa, Yemen, and Iran: *'' Mexcala agilis'' Lawrence, 1928 – Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Namibia *'' Mexcala angolensis'' Wesolowska, 2009 – Angola *'' Mexcala caerulea'' (Simon, 1901) – West Africa *'' Mexcala elegans'' Peckham & Peckham, 1903 – Ivory Coast, Malawi, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa *'' Mexcala farsensis'' Logunov, 2001 – Iran *'' Mexcala fizi'' Wesolowska, 2009 – Congo, Tanzania *'' Mexcala formosa'' Wesolowska & Tomasiewicz, 2008 – Ethiopia *'' Mexcala kabondo'' Wesolowska, 2009 – Congo, Malawi, Tanzania *'' Mexcala macilenta'' Wesolowska & Russell-Smith, 2000 – Ethiopia, Tanzania *'' Mexcala meridiana'' Wesolowska, 2009 – South Africa *'' Mexcala monstrata'' Wesolowska & van Harten, 1994 – Egypt, Yemen *'' M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family (biology), family and subfamily. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes. By convention, all taxonomic ranks from genus upwards are capitalized, including both tribe and subtribe. In zoology, the standard ending for the name of a zoological tribe is "-ini". Examples include the tribes Goat-antelope#Tribe Caprini, Caprini (goat-antelopes), Hominini (hominins), Bombini (bumblebees), and Thunnini (tunas). The tribe Hominini is divided into subtribes by some scientists; subtribe Hominina then comprises "humans". The standard ending for the name of a zoological subtribe is "-ina". In botany, the standard ending for the name of a botanical tribe is "-eae". Examples include the tribes Acalypheae and Scilloideae#Hyacintheae, Hyacintheae. The tribe Hyacintheae is divided into subtribes, including the subtribe Massoniinae. The standard ending for the name of a botanical subtribe is "-inae". In bacteriology, the form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelicerae
The chelicerae () are the mouthparts of the subphylum Chelicerata, an arthropod group that includes arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders. Commonly referred to as " jaws", chelicerae may be shaped as either articulated fangs, or similarly to pincers. Some chelicerae, such as those found on nearly all spiders, are hollow and contain (or are connected to) venom glands, and are used to inject venom into prey or a perceived threat. In '' Pisaurina mira'', also known as the nursery web spider, the chelicerae are utilized to snatch the prey once it becomes within reach, facilitating the "sit-and-wait ambush predator" behavior. Both pseudoscorpions and harvestmen have structures on their chelicerae that are used for grooming (papillae in pseudoscorpions, cheliceral teeth in Opiliones). Types Chelicerae can be divided into three kinds: jackknife chelicerae, scissor chelicerae, and 3-segmented chelate chelicerae. Jackknife chelicerae The jackknife chelicera is subchelate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clypeus (spider)
This glossary describes the terms used in formal descriptions of spiders; where applicable these terms are used in describing other arachnids. Links within the glossary are shown . Terms A Abdomen or opisthosoma: One of the two main body parts ( tagmata), located towards the posterior end; see also Abdomen § Other animals Accessory claw: Modified at the tip of the in web-building spiders; used with to grip strands of the web Anal tubercle: A small protuberance (tubercule) above the through which the anus opens Apodeme → Apophysis (plural apophyses): An outgrowth or process changing the general shape of a body part, particularly the appendages; often used in describing the male → Atrium (plural atria): An internal chamber at the entrance to the in female haplogyne spiders B Bidentate: Having two Book lungs: Respiratory organs on the ventral side (underside) of the , in front of the , opening through narrow slits; see also Book lungs Branchial operculum � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heliophanus
''Heliophanus'' is a genus of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Most of the almost 170 described species occur in Africa, with many others found in the Palearctic region from Europe to Japan. Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species: * '' Heliophanus abditus'' Wesołowska, 1986 – Syria * '' Heliophanus aberdarensis'' Wesołowska, 1986 – Kenya * '' Heliophanus activus'' ( Blackwall, 1877) – Seychelles * '' Heliophanus acutissimus'' Wesołowska, 1986 – Algeria * '' Heliophanus aeneus'' ( Hahn, 1832) – Palearctic * '' Heliophanus aethiopicus'' Wesołowska, 2003 – Ethiopia * '' Heliophanus africanus'' Wesołowska, 1986 – South Africa * '' Heliophanus agricola'' Wesołowska, 1986 – Algeria, Spain * '' Heliophanus agricoloides'' Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Islands * '' Heliophanus alienus'' Wesołowska, 1986 – Cameroon * '' Heliophanus anymphos'' Wesołowska, 2003 – Kenya * '' Heliophanus apiatus'' Simon, 1868 – Spain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Prószyński
Jerzy Prószyński (born 1935 in Warsaw) is a Polish arachnologist specializing in systematics of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). He is a graduate of the University of Warsaw, a long-term employee of the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities and the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Biography In 1957 he completed his biological studies at the University of Warsaw. During his studies he was employed at the Institute of Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, where he conducted research on spiders in the Kampinos Forest. Between 1963 and 1967 he lectured on zoology at the University of Ghana. In 1966 he obtained his Ph.D. at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. A year later he was given the opportunity to pursue a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard University, but he was refused a passport. In 1972 he was employed at the Higher School of Education in Siedlce (later the Siedlce University of Natural Scie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salticoida
Salticoida is an unranked clade of the jumping spider family Salticidae. It is the larger and more widespread of the two subdivisions of the "typical" jumping spiders (subfamily Salticinae), occurring effectively world-wide. Its sister clade is Amycoida, which is also very diverse ecologically but has a mostly South American distribution. Systematics and evolution Salticoida includes the bulk of extant jumping spider diversity, with over 400 genera organized phylogenetically into 18 tribes according to Wayne Maddison's 2015 proposal. The age and origin of the Salticoida are not well determined. Certainly, by the late Paleogene the major lineages were recognizably distinct as indicated by the fossil evidence and molecular phylogeny. Thus, the salticoids presumably originated during or around the PETM or a bit earlier, but no corresponding fossils have been found yet. Their sister lineage, the Amycoida, probably originated by dispersal across the ocean to South America, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily ( Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoological names with "-inae". See also * International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "trad ... * International Code of Zoological Nomenclature * Rank (botany) * Rank (zoology) Sources {{biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wayne Maddison
Wayne Paul Maddison , is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the departments of zoology and botany at the University of British Columbia, and the Director of the Spencer Entomological Collection at the Beaty Biodiversity Museum. His research concerns the phylogeny, biodiversity, and evolution of jumping spiders (Salticidae), of which he has discovered new species and genera. He has also done research in phylogenetic theory, developing and perfecting various methods used in comparative biology, such as character state inference in internal nodes through maximum parsimony, squared-change parsimony, or character correlation through the concentrated changes test or pairwise comparisons. In collaboration with David R. Maddison, he worked on thMesquiteopen-source Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use the source code, design documents, or content of the product. The open-sourc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysillini
Chrysillini is a tribe of jumping spider in the family Salticidae. In Maddison's 2015 revision of the family, the subfamily Heliophaninae was reclassified as a junior synonym of Chrysillini. Genera * '' Afraflacilla'' * '' Augustaea'' * '' Chrysilla'' * '' Cosmophasis'' * '' Echinussa'' * '' Epocilla'' * ''Festucula'' * ''Hakka'' * ''Helicius'' * '' Heliophanillus'' * ''Heliophanus'' * '' Helvetia'' * '' Icius'' * '' Kupiuka'' * ''Marchena'' * '' Matagaia'' * ''Menemerus'' * ''Mexcala'' * ''Natta'' * '' Ogdenia'' * '' Orsima'' * '' Paraheliophanus'' * '' Phintella'' * '' Plesiopiuka'' * '' Siler'' * '' Tasa'' * '' Theriella'' * ''Wesolowskana'' * ''Yepoella ''Yepoella'' is a monotypic taxon, monotypic genus of Argentinian Salticidae, jumping spiders containing the single species, ''Yepoella crassistyli''. It was first described by María Elena Galiano in 1970, and is found in Argentina. A second spec ...'' References Salticidae Spider tribes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
