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Methylscopolamine Bromide
Methylscopolamine or methscopolamine, usually provided as the bromide or nitrate salt, is an oral medication used along with other medications to treat peptic ulcers by reducing stomach acid secretion. Proton pump inhibitors and antihistamine medications have made this use obsolete. It can also be used for stomach or intestinal spasms, to reduce salivation, and to treat motion sickness. Methscopolamine is also commonly used as a drying agent, to dry up post-nasal drip, in cold, irritable bowel syndrome and allergy medications Methscopolamine, a methylated derivative of scopolamine, is a muscarinic antagonist structurally similar to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Its mechanism of action involves blocking the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It was patented in 1902 and approved for medical use in 1947. Methscopolamine is an FDA-approved analog to hyoscine butylbromide Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as scopolamine butylbromide and sold under the brandname Buscopa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromide
A bromide ion is the negatively charged form (Br−) of the element bromine, a member of the halogens group on the periodic table. Most bromides are colorless. Bromides have many practical roles, being found in anticonvulsants, flame-retardant materials, and cell stains. Although uncommon, chronic toxicity from bromide can result in bromism, a syndrome with multiple neurological symptoms. Bromide toxicity can also cause a type of skin eruption, see potassium bromide. The bromide ion has an ionic radius of 196 pm. Natural occurrence Bromide is present in typical seawater (35 PSU) with a concentration of around 65 mg/L, which is about 0.2% of all dissolved salts. Seafood and deep sea plants generally have higher levels than land-derived foods. Bromargyrite—natural, crystalline silver bromide—is the most common bromide mineral known but is still very rare. In addition to silver, bromine is also in minerals combined with mercury and copper. Formation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mechanism Of Action
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical Drug interaction, interaction through which a Medication, drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor (biochemistry), receptor. Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there. Drugs that do not bind to receptors produce their corresponding therapeutic effect by simply interacting with chemical or physical properties in the body. Common examples of drugs that work in this way are antacids and laxatives. In contrast, a Mode of action, mode of action (MoA) describes functional or anatomical changes, at the cellular level, resulting from the exposure of a living organism to a substance. Importance Elucidating the mechanism of action of novel drugs and medicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophthalmology Drugs
Ophthalmology (, ) is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of eye diseases and disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Following a medical degree, a doctor specialising in ophthalmology must pursue additional postgraduate residency training specific to that field. In the United States, following graduation from medical school, one must complete a four-year residency in ophthalmology to become an ophthalmologist. Following residency, additional specialty training (or fellowship) may be sought in a particular aspect of eye pathology. Ophthalmologists prescribe medications to treat ailments, such as eye diseases, implement laser therapy, and perform surgery when needed. Ophthalmologists provide both primary and specialty eye care—medical and surgical. Most ophthalmologists participate in academic research on eye diseases at some point in their training and many inclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M5 Receptor Antagonists
M5, M-5, M.5, M-V, or M05 may refer to: Transportation Automobiles * AITO M5, a Chinese mid-size crossover SUV * BMW M5, a German mid-size performance car series * Dongfeng Fengxing Lingzhi M5, a Chinese MPV * Haima M5, a Chinese compact sedan * JAC Refine M5, a Chinese MPV * Studebaker M5, an American pickup truck Aviation and aerospace * M-5 rocket, a Japanese rocket * Macchi M.5, an Italian flying boat fighter in service from 1917 until the mid-1920s * Miles M.5 Sparrowhawk, a 1930s British single-seat racing and touring monoplane * Fokker M.5, a 1913 unarmed single-seat monoplane aircraft * Grigorovich M-5, a Russian World War I-era biplane flying boat * Kenmore Air (IATA airline designator: M5), a small airline based in the United States Military * M5 Stuart, a variant of the Stuart tank, a World War II-era American light tank * M5 half-track, a variant of the M3 Half-track military armored personnel carrier * M5 tractor, World War II-era artillery-towing tractor * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M4 Receptor Antagonists
M4 or M-4 most often refers to: * M4 carbine, an American carbine * M4 Sherman, an American World War II medium tank M4, M04, or M-4 may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''M4'' (EP), a 2006 EP by Faunts * ''M4'' (video game), a 1992 computer game developed for the Macintosh * ''M.IV'' ("Matrix IV"), the fictional Warner Brothers videogame project inside the 2021 film '' The Matrix Resurrections'' * Former name of band First to Eleven * M4, the robot assistant to the character Flint in the Star Trek episode Requiem for Methuselah Military Weapons * Benelli M4 Super 90, an Italian semi-automatic,gas-operated shotgun * M4 autocannon, an American 37 mm automatic gun * M4 Selectable Lightweight Attack Munition (SLAM), an American land mine * M4 SLBM, a French submarine-launched ballistic missile from 1985 * M4 Survival Rifle, an American rifle in aircraft survival gear * Spectre M4, an Italian submachine gun * M4 bayonet, an American World War II bayon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M3 Receptor Antagonists
M3, M-3 or M03 may refer to: Computing and electronics * Apple M3, a central processing unit in the Apple M series * Intel m3, a brand of microprocessors * M.3 (aka NF1/NGSFF), a specification for internally mounted expansion cards * Leica M3, a landmark 35mm rangefinder camera * Modula-3 (M3), a programming language * M3, a British peak programme meter standard used for measuring the volume of audio broadcasts * m3, a macro processor for the AP-3 minicomputer, the predecessor to m4 * M3, a surface-mount version of the 1N4003 general-purpose silicon rectifier diode * M3 (email client), an unreleased email client for the Vivaldi browser Entertainment * M3, a comic book created by Vicente Alcazar * M3 adapter, a Game Boy Advance movie player * M3 (Canadian TV channel), a music and entertainment television channel * M3 (Hungarian TV channel), a Hungarian television channel * '' M3: Malay Mo Ma-develop'', a 2010 Philippine TV series * M3 Music Card, a 2007 flash-based MP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M2 Receptor Antagonists
M, or m, is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of several western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''em'' (pronounced ), plural ''ems''. History The letter M is derived from the Phoenician Mem via the Greek Mu (Μ, μ). Semitic Mem is most likely derived from a " Proto-Sinaitic" (Bronze Age) adoption of the "water" ideogram in Egyptian writing. The Egyptian sign had the acrophonic value , from the Egyptian word for "water", ''nt''; the adoption as the Semitic letter for was presumably also on acrophonic grounds, from the Semitic word for "water", '' *mā(y)-''. Use in writing systems English In English, represents the voiced bilabial nasal . The Oxford English Dictionary (first edition) says that is sometimes a vowel, such as in words like ''spasm'' and in the suffix ''-ism''. In modern terminology, this is described as a syllabic consonant (IPA: ). M is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M1 Receptor Antagonists
M1, M01 or M-1 may refer to: Arts, entertainment & media * M-1 (rapper), one half of hip hop duo Dead Prez * Korg M1, a keyboard synthesizer * Leica M1, a 1959 35 mm camera model * Olympus OM-1, a 1972 manually operated 35mm single-lens reflex camera * M1 (TV channel), news channel of the Hungarian MTVA * M-1 (Lithuanian radio station) * M1 (Ukraine), a television channel * M1 (Russian TV channel) Economics and finance * M1 (money supply measure), in economics, a measure of the money supply * M1 Finance, an online financial services company Military equipment Vehicles US Armed Forces * M1 Abrams, a main battle tank * M1 armored car * M1 combat car, an early tank * M1 light tractor * M1 medium tractor * M1 heavy tractor Other * Bristol M.1, a 1916 British fighter aircraft * (M1), a WWI Royal Navy monitor * (1919), an early British submarine * , a Swedish Navy mine sweeper * , a Swedish Royal Navy mine layer Weapons US Armed Forces * 120 mm gun M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epoxides
In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether, where the ether forms a three-atom Ring (chemistry), ring: two atoms of carbon and one atom of oxygen. This triangular structure has substantial ring strain, making epoxides highly Reactivity (chemistry), reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale for many applications. In general, low molecular weight epoxides are colourless and nonpolar, and often Volatility (chemistry), volatile. Nomenclature A compound containing the epoxide functional group can be called an epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline. Simple epoxides are often referred to as oxides. Thus, the epoxide of ethylene (C2H4) is ethylene oxide (C2H4O). Many compounds have trivial names; for instance, ethylene oxide is called "oxirane". Some names emphasize the presence of the epoxide functional group, as in the compound ''1,2-epoxyheptane'', which can also be called ''1,2-heptene oxide''. A polymer formed from epoxide precursors is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyoscine Butylbromide
Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as scopolamine butylbromide and sold under the brandname Buscopan among others, is an anticholinergic medication used to treat abdominal pain, esophageal spasms, bladder spasms, biliary colic, and renal colic. It is also used to improve excessive respiratory secretions at the end of life. Hyoscine butylbromide can be taken by mouth, injection into a muscle, or into a vein. Side effects may include sleepiness, vision changes, dry mouth, rapid heart rate, triggering of glaucoma, and severe allergies. Sleepiness is uncommon. It is unclear if it is safe in pregnancy. It appears safe in breastfeeding. Greater care is recommended in those with heart problems. It is an anticholinergic agent, which does not have much effect on the brain. Hyoscine butylbromide was patented in 1950, and approved for medical use in 1951. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is not available for human use in the United States, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor, G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other Cell (biology), cells. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic fibers. They are mainly found in the parasympathetic nervous system, but also have a role in the sympathetic nervous system in the control of Sweat gland, sweat glands. Muscarinic receptors are so named because they are more sensitive to muscarine than to nicotine. Their counterparts are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the autonomic nervous system. Many drugs and other substances (for example pilocarpine and Hyoscine hydrobromide, scopolamine) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective agonists or receptor antagonist, antagonists. Function acetylcholine, Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter. Its name is derived from its chemical structure: it is an ester of acetic acid and choline. Parts in the body that use or are affected by acetylcholine are referred to as cholinergic. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction. In other words, it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles. This property means that drugs that affect cholinergic systems can have very dangerous effects ranging from paralysis to convulsions. Acetylcholine is also a neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system, both as an internal transmitter for both the sympathetic nervous system, sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system, and as the final product released by the parasympathetic nervous system. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
