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Methylenedioxymethylphenethylamine
Homarylamine (INN; also known as 3,4-methylenedioxy-''N''-methylphenethylamine and MDMPEA) is an antitussive (anti-cough) drug which was patented in 1956 by Merck & Co., but has never been used medically as such. Chemically it is a substituted phenethylamine. It is the '' N''-methylated analog of methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA). It is a schedule I drug in the USA as a positional isomer of MDA. Reactions Reaction of homoarylamine with formaldehyde gives hydrastinine. See also * Lobivine (MDDMPEA) * Hydrastine Hydrastine is an isoquinoline alkaloid which was discovered in 1851 by Alfred P. Durand. Nitric acid induced hydrolysis of hydrastine yields hydrastinine, which was patented by Bayer as a haemostatic drug in the early 1900's. It is present in ..., an alkaloid derivative of homarylamine References Methylenedioxyphenethylamines {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antitussive
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal. While they have been used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada or the United States in children six years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm. Types There are a number of different cough and cold medications, which may be used for various coughing symptoms. The commercially available products may include various combinations of any one or more of the following types of substances: * Mucokinetics, or mucolytics, are a class of drugs which aid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merck & Co
Merck & Co., Inc. is an American Multinational corporation, multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Rahway, New Jersey. The company does business as Merck Sharp & Dohme or MSD outside the United States and Canada. It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, generally ranking in the global top five by revenue. Merck & Co. was originally established as the American affiliate of Merck Group in 1891. Merck develops and produces medicines, vaccines, biologic therapies and animal health products. It has several blockbuster products, including cancer immunotherapy, anti-diabetic medications, and vaccines for HPV and chickenpox, each generating significant revenue as of 2020. The company is ranked 71st on the 2022 Fortune 500, ''Fortune'' 500 and 87th on the 2022 Forbes Global 2000, ''Forbes'' Global 2000, both based on 2021 revenues. In 2023, the company’s seat in the ''Forbes'' Global 2000 was 73. Products The company develops medicines, vaccines, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Phenethylamine
Substituted phenethylamines (or simply phenethylamines) are a chemical class of organic compounds that are based upon the phenethylamine structure; the class is composed of all the derivative (chemistry), derivative compounds of phenethylamine which can be formed by replacing, or substitution reaction, substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the phenethylamine core structure with substituents. Phenylethylamines are also generally found to be central nervous system stimulants with many also being entactogens/empathogens, and hallucinogens. Structural classification The structural formula of any substituted phenethylamine contains a phenyl group, phenyl ring that is joined to an amino group, amino (NH) group via a two-carbon substituent, sidechain. Hence, any substituted phenethylamine can be classified according to the substitution of hydrogen atom, hydrogen (H) atoms on phenethylamine's phenyl ring, sidechain, or amino group with a moiety (chemistry), specific group of at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a Nonmetal (chemistry), nonmetal and the lightest member of pnictogen, group 15 of the periodic table, often called the Pnictogen, pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at Abundance of the chemical elements, seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element chemical bond, bond to form N2, a colourless and odourless diatomic molecule, diatomic gas. N2 forms about 78% of Atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant chemical species in air. Because of the volatility of nitrogen compounds, nitrogen is relatively rare in the solid parts of the Earth. It was first discovered and isolated by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in 1772 and independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Henry Cavendish at about the same time. The name was suggested by French chemist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylated
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation, with a methyl group replacing a hydrogen atom. These terms are commonly used in chemistry, biochemistry, soil science, and biology. In biological systems, methylation is catalyzed by enzymes; such methylation can be involved in modification of heavy metals, regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. ''In vitro'' methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some histological staining artifacts. The reverse of methylation is demethylation. In biology In biological systems, methylation is accomplished by enzymes. Methylation can modify heavy metals and can regulate gene expression, RNA processing, and protein function. It is a key process underlying epigenetics. Sources of methyl groups include S-methylmethionine, methyl folate, methyl B12. Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Structural Analog
A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a chemical compound, compound having a chemical structure, structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component. It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, which are replaced with other atoms, groups, or substructures. A structural analog can be imagined to be formed, at least theoretically, from the other compound. Structural analogs are often isoelectronicity, isoelectronic. Despite a high chemical similarity, structural analogs are not necessarily functional analog (chemistry), functional analogs and can have very different physical, chemical, biochemical, or pharmacological properties. In drug discovery, either a large series of structural analogs of an initial lead compound are created and tested as part of a structure–activity relationship study or a database is virtual screening, screened for structural analogs of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylenedioxyphenethylamine
3,4-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine, also known as 3,4-MDPEA, MDPEA, and homopiperonylamine, is a substituted phenethylamine formed by adding a methylenedioxy group to phenethylamine. It is structurally similar to 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine, MDA, but without the methyl group at the alpha position. According to Alexander Shulgin in his book ''PiHKAL'', MDPEA appears to be biologically activity (chemistry), inactive. This is likely because of extensive first-pass metabolism, first-pass metabolism by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. However, if MDPEA were either used in high enough of dose (biochemistry), doses (e.g., 1-2 grams), or in Augmentation (psychiatry), combination with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), it is probable that it would become sufficiently active, though it would likely have a relatively short Time, duration of drug action, action. This idea is similar in concept to the use of functional selectivity, selective Monoamine oxidase A, MAOA inhibitors and selecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde ( , ) (systematic name methanal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula and structure , more precisely . The compound is a pungent, colourless gas that polymerises spontaneously into paraformaldehyde. It is stored as aqueous solutions (formalin), which consists mainly of the hydrate CH2(OH)2. It is the simplest of the aldehydes (). As a precursor to many other materials and chemical compounds, in 2006 the global production of formaldehyde was estimated at 12 million tons per year. It is mainly used in the production of industrial resins, e.g., for particle board and coatings. Formaldehyde also occurs naturally. It is derived from the degradation of serine, dimethylglycine, and lipids. Demethylases act by converting N-methyl groups to formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is classified as a group 1 carcinogen and can cause respiratory and skin irritation upon exposure. Forms Formaldehyde is more complicated than many simple carbon compounds in that i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrastinine
Hydrastinine is a semisynthetic tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid made via the nitric acid induced hydrolysis of the alkaloid hydrastine hydrochloride, which is extracted from ''Hydrastis canadensis'' L. (Ranunculaceae). The drug was patented by Bayer as a haemostatic drug during the 1910s. The first known synthesis of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) was actually an intermediate in the synthesis of the methylated analogue of hydrastinine, methylhydrastinine. It was only reviewed for its activity many years after its original synthesis. Hydrastinine has also been found as a major unwanted side product in MDMA made by the reductive amination Reductive amination (also known as reductive alkylation) is a form of amination that converts a carbonyl group to an amine via an intermediate imine. The carbonyl group is most commonly a ketone or an aldehyde. It is a common method to make amine ... of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylpropan-2-one and methylamine. See also * Substituted tetr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lobivine
Lobivine, also known as '3,4-methylenedioxy-''N'',''N''-dimethylphenethylamine (MDDMPEA), is a phenethylamine alkaloid found in ''Lophophora williamsii'' that is a constitutional isomer of MDMA. See also * Homarylamine (3,4-methylenedioxy-''N''-methylphenethylamine; MDMPEA) * 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDMPEA) * 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (tablet form), and molly (crystal form), is an empathogen–entactogenic drug with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties. In studies, it has been used alongside psych ... (MDMA) References Dimethylamino compounds Methylenedioxyphenethylamines Phenethylamine alkaloids {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
