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Meroterpenes
A meroterpene (or meroterpenoid) is a chemical compound having a partial terpenoid structure. Examples Terpenophenolics Terpenophenolics are compounds that are part terpenes, part natural phenols. Plants in the genus ''Humulus'' and ''Cannabis'' produce terpenophenolic metabolites, such as humulone and tetrahydrocannabinol respectively. Other examples of terpenophenolics from plants include bakuchiol and lapachol. The antibiotic marinone produced by marine bacteria is another example. Terpenophenolics can also be isolated from animals. The terpenophenolics methoxyconidiol, epiconicol and didehydroconicol, isolated from the ascidian Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts, is a paraphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer test or "tunic" made of the polysaccharid ... '' Aplidium aff. densum'', show antiproliferative activity. References {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit the air, soil, water, Hot spring, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the nitrogen fixation, fixation of nitrogen from the Earth's atmosphere, atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of cadaver, dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aplidium Densum
''Aplidium'' is a genus of colonial sea squirts, tunicates in the family Polyclinidae. There are about 188 species in the genus found in shallow waters around the world. Species The following species are listed in this genus according to the World Register of Marine Species: World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-11-20. *'' Aplidium abditum'' Kott, 2006 *'' Aplidium abyssum'' Kott, 1969 *'' Aplidium accarense'' (Millar, 1953) *'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascidian
Ascidiacea, commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts, is a paraphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer test or "tunic" made of the polysaccharide cellulose. Ascidians are found all over the world, usually in shallow water with salinities over 2.5%. While members of the Thaliacea (salps, doliolids and pyrosomes) and Appendicularia (larvaceans) swim freely like plankton, sea squirts are sessile animals after their larval phase: they then remain firmly attached to their substratum, such as rocks and shells. There are 2,300 species of ascidians and three main types: solitary ascidians, social ascidians that form clumped communities by attaching at their bases, and compound ascidians that consist of many small individuals (each individual is called a zooid) forming large colonies. Sea squirts feed by taking in water through a tube, the oral siphon. The water enters the mouth and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terpenoid
The terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are a class of naturally occurring organic compound, organic chemicals derived from the 5-carbon compound isoprene and its derivatives called terpenes, diterpenes, etc. While sometimes used interchangeably with "terpenes", terpenoids contain additional functional groups, usually containing oxygen. When combined with the hydrocarbon terpenes, terpenoids comprise about 80,000 compounds. They are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites, representing about 60% of known Natural Products, natural products. Many terpenoids have substantial pharmacological bioactivity and are therefore of interest to medicinal chemists. Plant terpenoids are used for their aromatic qualities and play a role in traditional herbal remedies. Terpenoids contribute to the scent of eucalyptus, the flavors of cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, the yellow color in sunflowers, and the red color in tomatoes. Well-known terpenoids include citral, menthol, camphor, salvin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Phenol
In biochemistry, naturally occurring phenols are natural products containing at least one phenol functional group. Phenolic compounds are produced by plants and microorganisms. Organisms sometimes synthesize phenolic compounds in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research. Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Classification Various classification schemes can be applied. A commonly used scheme is based on the number of carbons and was devised by Jeffrey Harborne and Simmonds in 1964 and published in 1980: C6-C7-C6 Diarylheptanoids are not included in this Harborne classification. They can also be classified on the basis of their number of phenol groups. They can therefore be called ''simple phenols'' or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lapachol
Lapachol is a natural phenolic compound isolated from the bark of the lapacho tree.Record, Samuel J.. "Lapachol" pages 17-19. In: ''Tropical Woods'' (1925). This tree is known botanically as '' Handroanthus impetiginosus'', but was formerly known by various other botanical names such as ''Tabebuia avellanedae''. Lapachol is also found in other species of ''Handroanthus''. Lapachol is usually encountered as a yellow, skin-irritating powder from wood. Chemically, it is a derivative of vitamin K Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. The human body requires vitamin K for post-translational modification, post-synthesis modification of certain proteins ....Louis F.Fieser. ''The Scientific Method'' pages 163-191. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, 1964 Once studied as a possible treatment for some types of cancer, the levels of lapachol required for cancer treatment are considered too ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bakuchiol
Bakuchiol is a meroterpenoid (a chemical compound having a partial terpenoid structure) in the class terpenophenol. It was first isolated in 1966 by Mehta et al. from ''Psoralea corylifolia'' seed and was called Bakuchiol based on the Sanskrit name of the plant, Bakuchi. Bakuchiol is a meroterpene phenol abundant in and mainly obtained from the seeds of the Psoralea corylifolia plant, which is widely used in Indian Ayurveda to treat a variety of diseases. It has also been isolated from other plants, such as P. grandulosa, P. drupaceae, Ulmus davidiana, Otholobium pubescens, Long pepper, Piper longum and Aerva sangulnolenta Blum. Even though the first complete synthesis of Bakuchiol was described in 1973, its first commercial use in topical applications did not occur until 2007 when it was introduced to the market under the trade name Sytenol A by Sytheon Ltd. It has been reported to have anticancer activity in preclinical models, possibly due to its structural similarity with res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
