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Merbecovirus
''Merbecovirus'' is a subgenus of viruses in the genus ''Betacoronavirus'', including the human pathogen Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The viruses in this subgenus were previously known as group 2c coronaviruses. Taxonomy The subgenus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Betacoronavirus cameli'', Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) * ''Betacoronavirus erinacei'', Hedgehog coronavirus 1 * ''Betacoronavirus pipistrelli'', Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 * ''Betacoronavirus tylonycteridis'', Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 Structure The viruses of this subgenus, like other coronaviruses, have a lipid bilayer envelope in which the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored. See also *''Embecovirus'' (group 2a) *''Sarbecovirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV or SARS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MERS-CoV
Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV, ''Betacoronavirus cameli'') or EMC/2012 ( HCoV-EMC/2012), is the virus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). It is a species of coronavirus which infects humans, bats, and camels. The infecting virus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the DPP4 receptor. The species is a member of the genus ''Betacoronavirus'' and subgenus '' Merbecovirus''. Initially called simply novel coronavirus or nCoV, with the provisional names 2012 novel coronavirus (2012-nCoV) and human coronavirus 2012 (HCoV-12 or hCoV-12), it was first reported in June 2012 after genome sequencing of a virus isolated from sputum samples from a person who fell ill in a 2012 outbreak of a new flu-like respiratory illness. By July 2015, MERS-CoV cases had been reported in over 21 countries, in Europe, North America and Asia as well as the Middle East. MERS-CoV is one of seve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus
Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV, ''Betacoronavirus cameli'') or EMC/2012 ( HCoV-EMC/2012), is the virus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). It is a species of coronavirus which infects humans, bats, and camels. The infecting virus is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the DPP4 receptor. The species is a member of the genus '' Betacoronavirus'' and subgenus '' Merbecovirus''. Initially called simply novel coronavirus or nCoV, with the provisional names 2012 novel coronavirus (2012-nCoV) and human coronavirus 2012 (HCoV-12 or hCoV-12), it was first reported in June 2012 after genome sequencing of a virus isolated from sputum samples from a person who fell ill in a 2012 outbreak of a new flu-like respiratory illness. By July 2015, MERS-CoV cases had been reported in over 21 countries, in Europe, North America and Asia as well as the Middle East. MERS-CoV is one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobecovirus
''Nobecovirus'' is a subgenus of viruses in the genus ''Betacoronavirus''. The viruses in the group were previously known as group 2d coronaviruses. Taxonomy The subgenus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * ''Betacoronavirus cororeum'', Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1 * ''Betacoronavirus eidoli'', Eidolon helvum bat coronavirus CMR704-P12 * ''Betacoronavirus rousetti'', Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 Structure The viruses of this subgenus, like other coronaviruses, have a lipid bilayer envelope in which the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored. See also *''Embecovirus'' (group 2a) *''Sarbecovirus'' (group 2b) *''Merbecovirus ''Merbecovirus'' is a subgenus of viruses in the genus ''Betacoronavirus'', including the human pathogen Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The viruses in this subgenus were previously known as group 2c coron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hedgehog Coronavirus 1
Hedgehog coronavirus 1 is a mammalian Group C '' Betacoronavirus'', a positive-sense RNA virus, discovered in European hedgehogs (''Erinaceus europaeus'') from Germany and first described in 2014. Most ''Betacoronavirus'' clade c viruses are known from bats. The hedgehog is in the animal order Eulipotyphla, which is phylogenetically related to the bats, Chiroptera, so the researchers investigated faecal samples to look for coronaviruses. The virus was found in the highest concentrations in the lower gastrointestinal tract The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the Digestion, digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The tract is the largest of the body's systems, after the cardiovascula .... See also * Animal viruses * MERS-CoV References {{Taxonbar, from=Q24808940 Merbecovirus Animal viral diseases Hedgehog diseases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tylonycteris Bat Coronavirus HKU4
Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 (Bat-CoV HKU4) is an enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus mammalian Group 2 ''Betacoronavirus'' that has been found to be genetically related to the Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that is responsible for the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in Saudi Arabia, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy. Transmission The exact means of transmission to humans is not yet well known. However, it has been demonstrated that betaCoV's including HKU4 have the propensity to recombine and cause interspecies transmission. However, this is not seen in Group C betaCov's to which MERS-CoV is most closely related. See also * Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) * ''Tylonycteris'' * ''Pipistrellus'' * Human coronavirus HKU1 * Human coronavirus OC43 * Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 * RNA virus An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid (RN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embecovirus
''Embecovirus'' is a subgenus of coronaviruses in the genus '' Betacoronavirus''. The viruses in this subgenus, unlike other coronaviruses, have a hemagglutinin esterase (HE) gene. The viruses in the subgenus were previously known as group 2a coronaviruses. Taxonomy The subgenus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the exemplar virus of the species: * '' Betacoronavirus gravedinis'', Human coronavirus OC43 * ''Betacoronavirus hongkongense'', Human coronavirus HKU1 * ''Betacoronavirus muris'', Murine hepatitis virus * ''Betacoronavirus myodae'', Myodes rufocanus vole coronavirus 2/JL2014 * ''Betacoronavirus ratti'', Betacoronavirus HKU24 Structure The viruses of this subgenus, like other coronaviruses, have a lipid bilayer envelope in which the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored. Unlike other coronaviruses, viruses in this subgenus also have an additional shorter spike-like structural protein c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betacoronavirus
''Betacoronavirus'' (β-CoVs or Beta-CoVs) is one of four genera (''Alphacoronavirus, Alpha''-, ''Beta-'', ''Gammacoronavirus, Gamma-'', and ''Deltacoronavirus (genus), Delta-'') of coronaviruses. Member viruses are Viral envelope, enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses that infect mammals, including humans. The natural reservoir for betacoronaviruses are bats and rodents. Rodents are the reservoir for the subgenus ''Embecovirus'', while Bat virome, bats are the reservoir for the other subgenera. The coronavirus genera are each composed of varying viral lineages with the betacoronavirus genus containing four such lineages: A, B, C, D. In older literature, this genus is also known as "group 2 coronaviruses". The genus is in the subfamily ''Orthocoronavirinae'' in the family ''Coronaviridae'', of the order ''Nidovirales''. The betacoronaviruses of the greatest clinical importance concerning humans are Human coronavirus OC43, OC43 and Human coronavirus HKU1, HKU1 (which can cause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coronavirus Envelope Protein
The envelope (E) protein is the smallest and least well-characterized of the four major structural proteins found in coronavirus virions. It is an integral membrane protein less than 110 amino acid residues long; in SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Covid-19, the E protein is 75 residues long. Although it is not necessarily essential gene, essential for viral replication, absence of the E protein may produce abnormally assembled viral capsids or reduced replication. E is a multifunctional protein and, in addition to its role as a structural protein in the viral capsid, it is thought to be involved in viral assembly, likely functions as a viroporin, and is involved in viral pathogenesis. Structure The E protein consists of a short hydrophilic N-terminal region, a hydrophobic transmembrane helix, helical transmembrane domain, and a somewhat hydrophilic C-terminal region. In SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the C-terminal region contains a PDZ-binding motif (PBM). This feature appears to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarbecovirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV or SARS-CoV'', Betacoronavirus pandemicum'')The terms ''SARSr-CoV'' and ''SARS-CoV'' are sometimes used interchangeably, especially prior to the discovery of SARS-CoV-2. This may cause confusion when some publications refer to SARS-CoV-1 as ''SARS-CoV''. is a species of virus consisting of many known strains. Two strains of the virus have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), the cause of the 2002–2004 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the pandemic of COVID-19. There are hundreds of other strains of SARSr-CoV, which are only known to infect non-human mammal species: bats are a major reservoir of many strains of SARSr-CoV; several strains have been identified in Himalayan palm civets, which were likely ancestors of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coronavirus Spike Protein
Spike (S) glycoprotein (sometimes also called spike protein, formerly known as E2) is the largest of the four major structural proteins found in coronaviruses. The spike protein assembles into trimers that form large structures, called spikes or peplomers, that project from the surface of the virion. The distinctive appearance of these spikes when visualized using negative stain transmission electron microscopy, "recalling the solar corona", gives the virus family its main name. The function of the spike glycoprotein is to mediate viral entry into the host cell by first interacting with molecules on the exterior cell surface and then fusing the viral and cellular membranes. Spike glycoprotein is a class I fusion protein that contains two regions, known as S1 and S2, responsible for these two functions. The S1 region contains the receptor-binding domain that binds to receptors on the cell surface. Coronaviruses use a very diverse range of receptors; HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
