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Mendiola Massacre
The Mendiola massacre was an incident that took place on Mendiola Street, San Miguel, Manila, Philippines on January 22, 1987, in which state security forces under President Corazon Aquino violently dispersed a farmers' march to Malacañang Palace in protest for the lack of government action on land reform. Calls for just and comprehensive land reforms to President Aquino were unheeded. The turbulent turn of events sparked rallies and demonstrations taken part by farmers, workers, and students protesting the injustice. According to reports of survivors, riot personnel disguised as civilians opened fire on unarmed protesters killing at least 12 and injuring 51 protesters. Background Corazon Aquino's 1986 Philippine presidential election, election to the presidency brought about the prospects of rebuilding the formal institutions of democracy and the fundamentals of the Philippine economy. Conflicts with secessionist groups in Mindanao, ballooning national debts, and severe e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mendiola Street
Mendiola Street (or simply "Mendiola") is a short thoroughfare in Manila, Philippines. The street is named after Enrique Mendiola, the pedagogue, author of textbooks, educator and member of the first Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines. As a street leading to Malacañang Palace, the President of the Philippines' official residence, it has been a convergence area of numerous and sometimes bloody demonstrations. On the north end of the street is the Don Chino Roces Bridge, named in honor of Chino Roces, a well-known figure during the Philippines' Martial Law in the Philippines, Martial Law years. (An illuminated street sign above the intersection of Recto and Mendiola erroneously refers to the latter street as Chino Roces Avenue). Mendiola Street starts at the intersection of Legarda Street and Claro M. Recto Avenue and ends at Jose Laurel Street, just outside Malacañang Palace. Four colleges and universities forming part of the University Belt are on Mendiol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Democratic Front (Philippines)
The National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP; , PDPP) is a coalition of revolutionary social and economic justice organizations, agricultural unions, trade unions, indigenous rights groups, leftist political parties, and other related groups in the Philippines. It belongs to the much broader National Democracy Movement and the communist rebellion in the Philippines. The Government of the Philippines, through the Anti-Terrorism Council, declared the group a terrorist organization in 2021. History Prior to the creation of the NDF, many of its affiliated organizations had already existed, including the Kabataang Makabayan and the Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan. In 1971, the Preparatory Commission for the National Democratic Front was formed, under the initiative of the Communist Party of the Philippines, in order to bring together all the various revolutionary organizations that had been forced underground by martial law under Ferdinand Marcos. The Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Cannon
A water cannon is a device that shoots a high-velocity stream of water. Typically, a water cannon can deliver a large volume of water, often over dozens of meters. They are used in firefighting, large vehicle washing, riot control, and mining. Most water cannons fall under the category of a fire monitor. Firefighting Water cannons were first devised for use on fireboats. Extinguishing fires on boats and buildings near the water was much more difficult and dangerous before fireboats were invented. The first fireboat deployed in Los Angeles was commissioned on 1 August 1919. The first fireboat in New York City was ''Marine 1'', deployed 1 February 1891. There may have been other fireboats elsewhere even earlier. Fire apparatus, Fire trucks deliver water with much the same force and volume as water cannons, and have even been used in riot control situations, but are rarely referred to as water cannons outside this context. Riot control The first truck-mounted water cannon was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Marine Corps
The Philippine Marine Corps (PMC) () is a naval infantry force under the command of the Philippine Navy. The PMC conducts amphibious, expeditionary, and special operations missions. The Philippine Marines share the traditions of both the US and Spanish marine units especially in the uniform and rank system. The seal incorporates the sun with its eight rays from the Flag of the Philippines, the anchor symbolizing the naval heritage and bond of the Corps as it is a part of the Philippine Navy, the closed loop rope (different from the rope in the USMC arms) symbolizing the links of Marines to one another and to show that a Philippine Marine once will be a Philippine Marine always, and the scroll showing the Marine Corps motto and Core Values: ''Karangalan, Katungkulan, Kabayanihan'' (''Honor, Duty, Valor''). As with the USMC, blue represents the naval heritage while the official Marine Corps colors of scarlet and gold are also present, forming the base of Marine Corps guidons, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine National Police
The Philippine National Police (PNP; ) is the national police force of the Philippines. Its national headquarters is located at Camp Crame in Bagong Lipunan ng Crame, Quezon City. Currently, it has approximately 228,000 personnel to police a population in excess of 100 million. The agency is administered and controlled by the National Police Commission (Philippines), National Police Commission and is part of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). Local police officers are operationally controlled by city or municipal mayors. DILG, on the other hand, organizes, trains and equips the PNP for the performance of police functions as a police force that is national in scope and civilian in character. The PNP was formed on January 29, 1991, when the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were merged pursuant to Republic Act 6975 of 1990. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Police
The police are Law enforcement organization, a constituted body of Law enforcement officer, people empowered by a State (polity), state with the aim of Law enforcement, enforcing the law and protecting the Public order policing, public order as well as the public itself. This commonly includes ensuring the safety, health, and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers encompass arrest and the use of force legitimized by the state via the monopoly on violence. The term is most commonly associated with the police forces of a sovereign state that are authorized to exercise the Law enforcement agency powers, police power of that state within a defined legal or territorial area of responsibility. Police forces are often defined as being separate from the military and other organizations involved in the defense of the state against foreign aggressors; however, gendarmerie are military units charged with civil policing. Police forces are usua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfredo Lim
Alfredo "Fred" Siojo Lim (; December 21, 1929 – August 8, 2020) was a Filipino politician, police officer and lawyer who served as a Senate of the Philippines, Senator of the Philippines from 2004 to 2007, He also served as the 20th Mayor of Manila twice: first from 1992 to 1998, and again from 2007 to 2013. Prior to entering politics, Lim was a policeman for three decades. During the administration of President Corazon Aquino, he was appointed the National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines), Director of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), serving from 1989 to 1992. In 1992, he was elected Mayor of Manila, serving for two consecutive terms. He then unsuccessfully ran for president in 1998 Philippine presidential election, 1998. Two years later, in 2000, he was appointed by President Joseph Estrada as the Secretary of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). In 2001, he ran again for mayor of Manila but lost to then-incumbent Lito Atienza. In the 2004 Philippine S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manila Police District
The Manila Police District (MPD) is the agency of the Philippine National Police (PNP) responsible for law enforcement in the City of Manila including the Manila South Cemetery exclave. Formerly known as the Western Police District (WPD), the MPD is under the National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO), which also handles the Quezon City, Eastern, Northern and Southern Police Districts. History American period The United States Army took over the duty of enforcing public order in Manila upon its fall in 1898. It consisted of military units under the command of Brigadier General Arthur MacArthur Jr. as Provost Marshal General. By virtue of ''Act No. 70'' of the US Philippine ( Taft) Commission, enacted and implemented on January 9, 1901, MacArthur, being Provost Marshal General and military governor at that time, organized the Metropolitan Police Force of Manila, with himself as its first chief. The Act also authorized its operation outside its jurisdiction. An entirely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cesar Nazareno
Cesar Pardo Nazareno (December 5, 1940 – October 30, 2006) was a retired Filipino police officer who served as the inaugural Chief of the Philippine National Police from March 31, 1991, until August 28 of 1992. Career Nazareno, a Philippine Military Academy class of 1961 member, served in the Philippine Constabulary. While as a colonel and deputy chief of Western Police District, he was tasked to guard the Mendiola Street in 1987, where the agrarian militants protesting against the administration of Corazon Aquino. His unit was called Task Force Nazareno, named after him. But the protests resulted into a known-massacre. He served as the chief of its Central Luzon unit, Regional Command 3 (RECOM 3), in 1989 while coup against President Aquino was prevalent. Later, after General Ramon Montaño retired, Nazareno became the Chief of the Philippine Constabulary. When the military constabulary replaced by the civilianized Philippine National Police, Nazareno was retained an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonel
Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of a regiment in an army. Modern usage varies greatly, and in some cases, the term is used as an Colonel (title), honorific title that may have no direct relationship to military. In some smaller military forces, such as those of Monaco or the Holy See, Vatican, colonel is the highest Military rank, rank. Equivalent naval ranks may be called Captain (naval), captain or ship-of-the-line captain. In the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth's air force ranking system, the equivalent rank is group captain. History and origins By the end of the late medieval period, a group of "companies" was referred to as a "column" of an army. According to Raymond Oliver, , the Spanish began explicitly reorganizing part of thei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramon Montaño
Ramon Montaño (March 3, 1937 – July 2, 2024) was a Filipino politician and military officer. Early life Montaño was born in Cebu City in 1937 to a family that originated from Iloilo and Guimaras. Military career Montaño graduated from the Philippine Military Academy in 1958 and served in the Philippine Constabulary. He was among several military officers who rebelled against the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos during the 1986 People Power Revolution. During the administration of President Corazon Aquino, he was head of the Philippine Constabulary Capital Region Command, during which he was in overall command of police officers who opened fire on protesters demanding agrarian reform during the Mendiola Massacre in January 1987, which led him to resign. He later became chief of the Philippine Constabulary- Integrated National Police from 1988 to 1990, during which he oversaw the arrest of Reform the Armed Forces Movement leader Gringo Honasan in December 1987. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Capital Region Police Office
The National Capital Region Police Office (NCRPO) is a regional unit of the Philippine National Police (PNP) that has jurisdiction over Metro Manila, also known as the National Capital Region. It is headquartered in Camp Bagong Diwa. History As PC METROCOM The Philippine National Police - National Capital Region Police Office (PNP NCRPO) was established as the Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command (PC METROCOM) on July 14, 1967, through Executive Order No. 76 of then President Ferdinand Marcos. It was founded as the Special Strike Force of Police Forces in the area which would later be known as Metro Manila. The establishment was a response to the increase of criminality in then existing four cities and thirteen municipalities in the area. The METROCOM was tasked to conduct operations against threats to national security in the Metropolitan Manila area as well as support to the local police forces of the localities in their suppression and prevention of crime. The Met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
