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Melayu Islam Beraja
( abbrev: MIB; Jawi: ; ) was officially proclaimed as the national philosophy of Brunei on the day of its independence on 1 January 1984 by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. MIB is described as "a blend of Malay language, culture, and Malay customs, the teaching of Islamic laws and values and the monarchy system which must be esteemed and practiced by all". Islam is the official and state religion of Brunei.The Government of Brunei Darussalam Official Website "National Philosophy" Retrieved 30 May 2006. History The concept of MIB is one that Brunei citizens adhere to in both daily life and the management of the nation's affairs. On 1 January 1984, which was also the country's independence day, Brunei was formally recognized as a Malay Islamic Monarchy. In all matters, especially those involving the government, the MIB as a national concept and holding serves as the foundation. Radio Television Brunei (RTB), the primary media outlet of the country and essentially the government's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbreviation
An abbreviation () is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening (linguistics), shortening, contraction (grammar), contraction, initialism (which includes acronym), or crasis. An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word, usually ended with a trailing period. For example, the term ''etc.'' is the usual abbreviation for the list of Latin phrases, Latin phrase . Types A ''Contraction (grammar), contraction'' is an abbreviation formed by replacing letters with an apostrophe. Examples include ''I'm'' for ''I am'' and ''li'l'' for ''little''. An ''initialism'' or ''acronym'' is an abbreviation consisting of the initial letter of a sequence of words without other punctuation. For example, Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI (wiktionary:FBI#Pronunciation, ), United States, USA (wiktionary:USA#Pronunciation, ), IBM (wiktionary:IBM#Pronunciation, ), BBC (wiktionary:BBC#Pronunciation, ). When initialism is used as the preferred term, acronym refers mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadith
Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ( companions in Sunni Islam, Ahl al-Bayt in Shiite Islam). Each hadith is associated with a chain of narrators ()—a lineage of people who reportedly heard and repeated the hadith from which the source of the hadith can be traced. The authentication of hadith became a significant discipline, focusing on the ''isnad'' (chain of narrators) and '' matn'' (main text of the report). This process aimed to address contradictions and questionable statements within certain narrations. Beginning one or two centuries after Muhammad's death, Islamic scholars, known as muhaddiths, compiled hadith into distinct collections that survive in the historical works of writers from the second and third centuries of the Muslim era ( 700−1000 CE). For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ketuanan Melayu
''Ketuanan Melayu'' ( Jawi: ; "Malay Overlordship" or "Malay Supremacy") is a political concept that emphasises Malay power and preeminence in present-day Malaysia. The Malaysian Malays have claimed a special position and special rights owing to their longer history in the area and the fact that the present Malaysian state itself evolved from a Malay polity. The oldest political institution in Malaysia is the system of Malay rulers of the nine Malay states. The British colonial authorities transformed the system and turned it first into a system of indirect rule, then in 1948, using this culturally based institution, they incorporated the Malay monarchy into the blueprints for the independent Federation of Malaya. The term ''Tanah Melayu'' in its name, which literally means "Malay homeland", assumes proprietorship of the Malay states. In this method, the colonial government strengthened Malay ethno-nationalism, Malay ethnicity and culture and Malay sovereignty in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malay Islamic Identity
Malayness (, Jawi: ) is the state of being Malay or of embodying Malay characteristics. This may include that which binds and distinguishes the Malay people and forms the basis of their unity and identity. People who call themselves Malay are found in many countries in Southeast Asia, united by a notional shared identity but divided by political boundaries, divergent histories, variant dialects and peculiarities of local experience. While the term 'Malay' is widely used and readily understood in the region, it remains open to varying interpretations due to its varied and fluid characteristics. 'Malay' as an identity, or nationality, is considered one of the most challenging and perplexing concepts in the multi-ethnic world of Southeast Asia. Much of the ethos of Malay identity are thought to originate from the ascendancy of Melaka Sultanate in the 15th century. After the fall of Melaka in 1511, the notion of Malayness developed in two ways: to claim lines of kingship or ackno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Head Of State
A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "[The head of state] being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of state depends on the country's form of government and any separation of powers; the powers of the office in each country range from being also the head of government to being little more than a ceremonial figurehead. In a parliamentary system, such as Politics of India, India or the Politics of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom, the head of state usually has mostly ceremonial powers, with a separate head of government. However, in some parliamentary systems, like Politics of South Africa, South Africa, there is an executive president that is both head of state and head of government. Likewise, in some parliamentary systems the head of state is not the head of government, but still has significant powers, for example Politics of Morocco, Moro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruneian Sultanate (1368–1888)
Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with its territory bifurcated by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state entirely on Borneo; the remainder of the island is divided between its multi-landmass neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia. , the country had a population of 455,858, of whom approximately 180,000 resided in the capital and largest city of Bandar Seri Begawan. Its official language is Malay, and Islam is the state religion of the country, although other religions are nominally tolerated. The government of Brunei is an absolute monarchy ruled by the Sultan, and it implements a fusion of English common law and jurisprudence inspired by Islam, including sharia. At the Bruneian Empire's peak during the reign of Sultan Bolkiah (1485–1528), t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murut People
The Murut, alternatively referred to as Tagol/Tahol, constitute an indigenous ethnic community comprising 29 distinct sub-ethnic groups dwelling within the northern inland territories of Borneo. Characterized by their rich cultural diversity, the Murutic languages form a linguistic family encompassing approximately half a dozen closely intertwined Austronesian languages. Murut populations exhibit dispersion in Malaysia's Sabah and the northern part of Sarawak, as well as in the country of Brunei and the Indonesian North Kalimantan Province. Furthermore, the Murut people have close connections with the Tidung people, Tidung, who historically inhabited Borneo's east coast region that underwent processes of Islamization and Malayalization, Etymology The literal translation of ''murut'' is "hill people". Demographics A large percentage of the Murut communities are in the southwest interior of Sabah, East Malaysia, specifically the districts of Keningau, Tenom, Nabawan, Labua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dusun (Brunei)
The Dusun people of Brunei, also known as Sang Jati or Suang Jati, are an indigenous ethnic group primarily residing in the Tutong and Belait Districts of Brunei. They constitute one of the seven indigenous ethnic groups in Brunei Darussalam, known locally as the Sang Jati Dusun. The Brunei Dusun ethnic group is closely related to the Bisaya ethnic group of Limbang, with a strong presence in Tutong district and scattered communities in Belait. Their cultural richness, distinct traditions and linguistic diversity significantly contribute to Brunei's cultural heritage. Etymology Dusun The term "Dusun" has a complex and multifaceted etymology, reflecting historical, cultural, and linguistic influences. The word ''Dusun'' is a Malay term that literally means "people of the orchards." It was originally used to refer to groups of people living in the inland regions of North Borneo. In the context of the Dusuns in Brunei, their contact with coastal Malays led to the imposition of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bisaya (Borneo)
The Bisaya are a group of indigenous people from the northwest coast of East Malaysia and Brunei, on the island of Borneo. Their populations are concentrated around the towns of Beaufort and Kuala Penyu in southern Sabah (where they are included under the Kadazan-Dusun group of peoples), Labuan Federal Territory, and in Limbang District of Sarawak (in which they are grouped under the Orang Ulu designation). The Bisaya tribe bears many similarities to the Tatana Dusun tribe, especially in terms of language, as there is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between the two groups. Nowadays, most Bisaya in Sabah are Muslim, while those living in Sarawak are mostly Christians. In Brunei, they are referred to as ''Dusun'', ''Jati Dusun'', and ''Bisaya''. Origin and etymology Several theories have been put forward by various researchers regarding the origins of the name of the Bisaya people. H. Otley Beyer in 1926, Hester E.D. in 1954, and Harrison in 1956 suggested that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tutong People
The Tutong people are an ethnic group native to Brunei, mainly in Tutong District. They traditionally speak the Tutong language. They are officially recognised as one of the seven ethnic groups of the Bruneian Malay race (). Etymology The origin of the name 'Tutong' has been explained through various oral traditions. One version tells of a Murut man named Tutong who protected the people of Kampong Lurah Saban from headhunters (''ayau'') of the Kayan tribe. In gratitude, the river where he lived was named Sungai Tutong, now in Kampong Suran, which became the early settlement area for the Tutong people. Historical evidence supports this, including the discovery of human bones in jars (''tajau'') at Kampong Penanjong, believed to be an ancient Murut burial site. Additionally, remnants of Murut fruit plantations in Kampong Kiudang and Lamunin strengthen the link between the Murut and the Tutong region. Another story suggests the name comes from Si Letong, a figure from Cele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belait People
The Belait people are a Bruneian ethnic group native to Belait District. They traditionally speak the Belait language. They are predominantly Muslim. They are officially one of the seven ethnic groups which make up the Bruneian Malay race. Origin The Belait people originated from the merger between two ethnic groups, namely the (i.e. the 'native' Belait) and the Lemeting or Meting. The latter was originally native to Tinjar River, a tributary of the Baram River in Sarawak, Malaysia; they later migrated to the area of, and eventually integrated with, the 'native' Belait. Language The Belait language, the traditional language of the Belait people, is an Austronesian language within the sub-group Malayo-Polynesian. The language is considered "seriously" endangered; it is claimed that there are "almost no younger speakers". Notable people * Kefli Razali (born 1940), naval officer * Yusoff Abdul Hamid (born 1949), politician and diplomat * Norsiah Abdul Gapar (born 1952) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kedayan
The Kedayan (also known as Kadayan, Kadaian or Kadyan) are an ethnic group residing in Brunei, Federal Territory of Labuan, southwest of Sabah, and north of Sarawak on the island of Borneo. According to the Language and Literature Bureau of Brunei, the Kedayan language (ISO 639-3: kxd) is spoken by about 30,000 people in Brunei, and it has been claimed that there are a further 46,500 speakers in Sabah and 37,000 in Sarawak. In Sabah, the Kedayan mainly live in the southern districts of Sipitang and Beaufort, where they are counted as a part of the local Malay populace (and they are often considered as Bruneians owing to assimilation as well as mixed marriage factors). Whilst in Sarawak, the Kedayans mostly reside in the towns of Lawas, Limbang and Miri (especially the Subis area). History The origins of the Kedayans are uncertain. Some of them believe their people were originally from Ponorogo, Java, which they left during the reign of Sultan Bolkiah. Because of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
