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Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi
Şeyhülislâm Halidefendizâde Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848–1917) (İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, ''Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı'', Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 158. ) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman judge who served as ''List of Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire, sheikh al-Islam'' for Sultan Abdul Hamid II between 1891 and 1909. Biography His father, Sheikh Yusufzâde Hâlid Efendi, was a member of the honorable judiciary and served as Kazasker and a minister. His mother was a member of the Kevabibiye family and a daughter of Mehmed Said Efendi. Mehmet Cemaleddin was educated in Ottoman and Sharia, Islamic law, and served in the Ottoman judiciary as Qadi, Kadi (Chief Judge) of Constantinople in 1884. He was appointed Chief Judge of Anatolia (Anadolu Kazaskeri) in 1888 and Chief Judge of Rumelia, the European parts of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, in 1890. On 4 September 1891, at 43, he was appointed List of Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire, Şeyhüli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumelia
Rumelia (; ; ) was a historical region in Southeastern Europe that was administered by the Ottoman Empire, roughly corresponding to the Balkans. In its wider sense, it was used to refer to all Ottoman possessions and Vassal state, vassals in Europe. These would later be geopolitically classified as "the Balkans", although Hungary and Moldova are sometimes excluded. In contemporary English sources, Rumelia was known as Turkey in Europe. Etymology ''Rûm'' in this context means 'Roman' and ''ėli'' means 'land', and thus ''Rumelia'' (, ''Rūm-ėli''; Turkish language, Turkish: ''Rumeli'') means 'Land of the Romans' in Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish. It refers to the lands conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, most of which formerly belonged to the Byzantine Empire, known by its contemporaries as the Eastern Roman Empire, Roman Empire. Although the term ''Byzantine Empire'' is used by modern historians, the empire's citizens and emperors called themselves Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edirnekapı Martyr's Cemetery
The Edirnekapı Martyr's Cemetery (), one of the largest burial grounds of Istanbul, Turkey, is located in the neighborhood of Edirnekapı of Eyüp district, in the European part of the city. It consists of an old, historical part and a modern one. War graves of fallen Ottoman soldiers during the Balkan Wars, the Gallipoli campaign of World War I, graves of the Turkish Armed Forces military personnel and law enforcement officials, firefighters, Turkish Airlines personnel are part of the cemetery. History The cemetery is said originally to have been formed with the graves of the Ottoman soldiers, who fell in the battle during the Second Ottoman Siege and Fall of Constantinople in 1453, where the last Byzantine emperor Constantine XI established his command and the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II made his triumphal entry into the conquered city. There is however no historical or archaeological evidence for this, the oldest known graves date from ca. 1600 AD. The cemetery is situ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topkapı Palace
The Topkapı Palace (; ), or the Seraglio, is a large museum and library in the east of the Fatih List of districts of Istanbul, district of Istanbul in Turkey. From the 1460s to the completion of Dolmabahçe Palace in 1856, it served as the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire, and was the main residence of its sultans. Construction, ordered by the Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, began in 1459, six years after the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople. Topkapı was originally called the "New Palace" ( or ) to distinguish it from the Eski Saray, Old Palace ( or ) in Beyazıt Square. It was given the name , meaning Cannon Gate, in the 19th century. The complex expanded over the centuries, with major renovations after the 1509 Constantinople earthquake, 1509 earthquake and the 1665 fire. The palace complex consists of four main courtyards and many smaller buildings. Female members of the Sultan's family lived in the harem, and leading state officials, including th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khedivate Of Egypt
The Khedivate of Egypt ( or , ; ') was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt. The Khedivate of Egypt had also expanded to control present-day Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, northwestern Somalia, northeastern Ethiopia, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Greece, Cyprus, southern and central Turkey, in addition to parts from Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda, as well as northwestern Saudi Arabia, parts of Yemen and the Kingdom of Hejaz. The United Kingdom invaded and took control in 1882. In 1914, the Ottoman Empire connection was ended and Britain established a protectorate called the Sultanate of Egypt. History Rise of Muhammad Ali Upon the conquest of the Mamluk Sultanate by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union And Progress Party
The Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, also translated as the Society of Union and Progress; , French: ''Union et Progrès'') was a revolutionary group, secret society, and political party, active between 1889 and 1926 in the Ottoman Empire and in the Republic of Turkey. The foremost faction of the Young Turks, the CUP instigated the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, which ended absolute monarchy and began the Second Constitutional Era. After an ideological transformation, from 1913 to 1918, the CUP ruled the empire as a dictatorship and committed genocides against the Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian peoples as part of a broader policy of ethnic erasure during the late Ottoman period. The CUP and its members have often been referred to as "Young Turks", although the Young Turk movement produced other Ottoman political parties as well. Within the Ottoman Empire its members were known as ('Unionists') or ('Committeemen'). The organization began as a liberal reform movement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial College
Imperial College London, also known as Imperial, is a public research university in London, England. Its history began with Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, who envisioned a cultural district in South Kensington that included museums, colleges, and the Royal Albert Hall. In 1907, these colleges – the Royal College of Science, the Royal School of Mines, and the City and Guilds of London Institute – merged to form the Imperial College of Science and Technology. In 1988, Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School and then with Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School to form the Imperial College School of Medicine. The Imperial Business School was established in 2003 and officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II. Formerly a constituent college of the University of London, Imperial became an independent university in 2007. Imperial is organised into four faculties: Engineering, Medicine, Natural Sciences, and Business. The university fosters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erol Gelenbe
Sami Erol Gelenbe (born 22 August 1945, Istanbul) is a Turkish and French computer scientist, electronic engineer and applied mathematician, renowned for pioneering work in computer system and network performance. His academic career spans several prestigious institutions and roles, including current positions as Professor at the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics of the Polish Academy of Sciences since 2017, and visiting professorships at King's College London, the I3S Laboratory (French National Centre for Scientific Research, CNRS, Côte d'Azur University, University of Côte d'Azur) and the Abraham de Moivre Laboratory (CNRS, Imperial College London). A Fellow of several national academies, Gelenbe has chaired the Informatics Section of Academia Europaea since 2023. His extensive professorial tenures include roles at the University of Liège, Paris-Saclay University, University Paris-Saclay, Paris Descartes University, University Paris Descartes, New Jersey Inst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Council Of State
The Council of State (Ottoman Turkish: ''Şûrâ-yı Devlet'', شوراى دولت) was the high legislative institution in the Ottoman Empire that corresponds to the present-day Council of State of Turkey. It served between the years 1868 and 1922. Early formation The foundations of ''Şûrâ-yı Devlet'' can be traced back to the Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances, established by Sultan Mahmud II in 1837. This court laid the groundwork for the current Council of State and the Court of Cassation (''Yargıtay''). In 1839, with the Edict of Gülhane, the Ottoman people were promised the guarantee of their natural rights, such as life, property, honor, and dignity, regardless of religion or sect. This marked the establishment of the principles of a new legal state, emphasizing the necessity for the administration (state) to adhere to legal rules. Division In 1868, during the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz, the Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances was divided into two insti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cemil Topuzlu Harbiye Amphitheatre
The Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre (, also called simply ''Açıkhava Tiyatrosu'') is a contemporary amphitheatre located at Harbiye neighborhood of Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey. It is situated across from the Istanbul Lütfi Kırdar Convention and Exhibition Center, and behind the Hilton Istanbul Bosphorus on the European side of the city. As the city's most popular summertime outdoor venue, the theatre primarily hosts music concerts in various genres of local and international performers. It also hosts cultural activities for several festivals held in Istanbul in the summer. History The construction of the open-air theatre was proposed by French urban planner Henri Prost (1874–1959), who developed a project for Istanbul in the 1930s. Designed by Turkish architects Nihad Yücel and Nahid Uysal, the groundbreaking took place in July 1946, in the office time of Lütfi Kırdar (1887–1961), governor and mayor of Istanbul. The theatre was opened on August 9, 1947 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cemil Pasha
Cemil is a Turkish given name and is derived from Arabic Jamil with other Arabic variants Gamil (mainly in Egypt), Djemil (mainly in North African countries) and Djamil. The feminine equivalent is Cemile (derived from Arabic Jamila and its Arabic variants Gamila and Djemila). People with the name * Cemil Ağacıkoğlu (born 1959), Turkish photographer, writer and film director * Cemil Aghamaliyev (born 1974), Azerbaijani chess grandmaster * Cemil Aksu (born 1977), Turkish journalist, ecologist and Armenian activist * Cemil Bayik (born 1951), founding member and a leader of the Kurdish separatist organization PKK * Cemil Bilsel (1879–1949), Turkish politician, lawyer and academic * Cemil Cahit Güzelbey (1908–1995), Turkish lawyer, writer and sociologist * Cemil Cahit Toydemir (1883–1956), officer of the Ottoman Army and the general of the Turkish Army * Cemil Can Ali Marandi (born 1998), Turkish chess grandmaster * Cemil Cem (1882–1950), Turkish diplomat, cartoonist an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cemil Topuzlu
Professor Cemil Topuzlu (18 March 1866 – 25 January 1958), also known as Cemil Pasha, was a Turkish social democratic politician who served two terms as mayor of Istanbul. During his time in office he oversaw major developments in the city, including the creation of Gülhane Park. He was also a leading surgeon in Turkey, who was internationally recognised for his pioneering work in several areas, including open chest cardiac massage, and described in several papers published in Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish (later in modern Turkish language, Turkish), French language, French and German language, German. Career On 27 August 1903, one of his patients undergoing external urethrotomy under chloroform anaesthesia developed cardiac arrest, and he performed open chest cardiac massage. He also defined the "Do not resuscitate" code in cases involving serious heart disease and other diseases, where life expectancy is very short. He introduced novel vascular suture techniq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
