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Megas Logothetes
The () was an official who served as effective foreign minister of the Byzantine Empire, in the period from to , after which it continued as an honorific dignity. The office evolved from the Komnenian-era , and was established during the Empire of Nicaea. Its holders were frequently distinguished scholars, who played a prominent role in the civil and military affairs of their time; three of its holders also served in tandem as the head of the civil administration and effective prime minister () of the Empire. The title was also used in the Empire of Trebizond. After the fall of Constantinople, it was adopted in the Danubian Principalities as an honorific title for laymen in the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. History and functions The post originated as the , established by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos () in an attempt to improve the coordination of the various fiscal departments (). In the late 12th century, the had risen to a pre-eminent position among the civil a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Emperor
The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which Fall of Constantinople, fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised sovereign authority are included, to the exclusion of junior co-emperors who never attained the status of sole or senior ruler, as well as of the List of Byzantine usurpers, various usurpers or rebels who claimed the imperial title. The following list starts with Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, who rebuilt the city of Byzantium as an imperial capital, Constantinople, and who was regarded by the later emperors as the model ruler. Modern historians distinguish this later phase of the Roman Empire as Byzantine due to the imperial seat moving from Rome to Byzantium, the Empire's integration of Christianity, and the predominance of Greek instead of Latin. The Byzantine Empire was the direct legal continuation of the eastern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysobull
A golden bull or chrysobull was a decree issued by Byzantine emperors and monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Description A golden bull was a decree issued by Byzantine Emperors. It was later used by monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, most notably by the Holy Roman Emperors. For nearly eight hundred years, they were issued unilaterally, without obligations on the part of the other party or parties. However, this eventually proved disadvantageous as the Byzantines sought to restrain the efforts of foreign powers to undermine the empire. During the 12th century, the Byzantines began to insert into golden bulls sworn statements of the obligations of their negotiating partners. Etymology The term was originally coined for the golden seal (a '' bulla aurea''), attached to the decree, but came to be applied to the entire decree. Such decrees were known as golden bulls in western Europe and ''chrysobullos logos'', or chrysobulls, in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prostagma
A ''prostagma'' () or ''prostaxis'' (πρόσταξις), both meaning "order, command", were documents issued by the Byzantine imperial chancery bearing an imperial decision or command, usually on administrative matters. ''Prostaxis'' was the common term in the 11th–13th centuries, when it was replaced by ''prostagma''. The earliest such document to survive dates to 1214, however. They were usually short documents, signed by the Byzantine emperor with the ''menologem'' in red ink, and usually with the emperor's wax seal. The ''prostagmata'' of the Emperors of Trebizond were signed with an abridged form of the imperial signature. Similar documents issued by the Despots were termed ''horismos'', while those of the Patriarch of Constantinople or other state officials were variously termed ''araeleusis'', ''entalma'', ''grama'', etc. Serbian Serbian may refer to: * Pertaining to Serbia in Southeast Europe; in particular **Serbs, a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Diehl
Charles Diehl (; 19 January 1859 – 1 November 1944) was a French historian born in Strasbourg. He was a leading authority on Byzantine art and history. Biography He received his education at the École Normale Supérieure, and later taught classes on Byzantine history at the Sorbonne. He was member of the École française de Rome (1881–1883) and the École française d'Athènes. In 1910, he became a member of the ''Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres'' (elected president in 1921). He died in Paris. Legacy The Karolou Dil Street in the city of Thessaloniki (Greece) was named after Charles Diehl. The street is located near the Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia that was restored by him between 1907 and 1909. Honours and awards Honorary degrees * Harvard University * Université libre de Bruxelles * University of Belgrade * University of Bucharest * National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Prizes * Montyon Prize (1981) * Marcelin-Guérin Prize (1907) * Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chora Church Interior March 2008
Chora may refer to: Places Greece * Chora, old capital of the island of Alonnisos * Chora, village on the island of Folegandros * Chora, Ios, capital of the island of Ios * Chora, Messenia, a small town in Messenia in the Peloponnese * Chora, principal town on the island of Mykonos * Chora, an alternative name for Naxos city on the island of Naxos * Chora, principal town on the island of Patmos * Chora Sfakion, a town on the south coast of Crete * Chora, the main town of the island of Kythira Other * Chora (woreda), a district in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia * Chora, Iran, village in Gilan Province * Chora District, in the Uruzgan province of Afghanistan * Chora, Afghanistan, the capital of the Chora District above. * Diocese of Chora, of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia See also * Chora Church, a Byzantine church in Istanbul * Chora (software), a web-based CVS repository viewer * Miura Chora (1729–1780), Japanese poet * ''Khôra'', Greek term used by Plato to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logothetes Ton Agelon
The ''logothetēs tōn agelōn'' (), in English the Logothete of the Herds, was the Byzantine official responsible for the state-run estates ('' mētata'') in western Asia Minor that reared horses and mules for the Byzantine army and the imperial Public Post. History and functions The Byzantine office appears in the 9th century and is commonly accepted to be the evolution of the 4th-century Roman '' praepositus gregum et stabulorum'', who was subordinate to the '' comes res privatae''. Uniquely among the logothetes, the ''logothetēs tōn agelōn'' is listed among the high military officials ('' stratarchai'') in the 899 '' Klētotologion'' of Philotheos, 40th in the hierarchy from the emperor, highlighting the office's close connection with the army... The importance of the office increased from the 10th century, reaching its zenith in the late 13th century, when it was held by several of the most important state officials. Subordinate officials The subordinates of the ''logoth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logothetes Tou Stratiotikou
The (), rendered in English as the Logothete of the Military or Military Logothete, was a Byzantine imperial official in charge of the pay and provisioning of the Byzantine army. The office appears in the late 7th century and is mentioned until the 14th century. History and functions This duty was originally exercised by the praetorian prefecture, but the military chest (, ) was eventually detached and formed as a separate (department). The first attested was Julian, the "most glorious and " in 680.. The exact sphere of duties of the Military Logothete is somewhat obscure. The only direct evidence as to his functions comes from the '' De Ceremoniis'' of Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (), according to which he oversaw the imposition and exemption from taxes on the households of soldiers. It is also known that by the 11th century, he exercised some juridical functions. Several scholars (notably Ernst Stein) have argued that the Military Logothete supervised milita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logothetes Tou Genikou
The (, often called or simply (, 'the general ogothete), and usually rendered in English as the General Logothete, was in charge of the 'general financial ministry', the of the middle Byzantine Empire.. History and functions The was responsible for general taxation and revenue, and also served as a court for financial cases. As such, it broadly fulfilled the tasks of the earlier , although it was mostly derived from the "general department" of the praetorian prefecture. The first attested , the monk Theodotos, is mentioned in 692, but the post may have been instituted as early as 626. The bureau of the and its logothete remained one of the chief ministries for the entire middle Byzantine period (7th–12th centuries), with the 899 ''Klētorologion'' of Philotheos recording the position as ranking 33rd in the imperial hierarchy. During the Komnenian period, its importance declined, but recovered under the Angeloi. Following the sack of Constantinople in 1204 and the disso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudo-Kodinos
George Kodinos (), also Pseudo-Kodinos or Codinus, is the conventional name of an anonymous late 15th-century author of late Byzantine literature. Their attribution to him is only traditional, and is based on the fact that all three works come in the same manuscript. The works referred to are the following: #'' Patria'' (Πάτρια Κωνσταντινουπόλεως), treating of the history, topography, and monuments of Constantinople. It is divided into five sections: (a) the foundation of the city; (b) its situation, limits and topography; (c) its statues, works of art, and other notable sights; (d) its buildings; (e) and the construction of the Hagia Sophia. It was written in the reign of Basil II (976-1025), revised and rearranged under Alexios I Komnenos (1081–1118), and perhaps copied by Codinus, whose name it bears in some (later) manuscripts. The chief sources are: the ''Patria'' of Hesychius Illustrius of Miletus, the anonymous ''Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logothetes
Logothete (, ''logothétēs'', pl. λογοθέται, ''logothétai''; Med. , pl. ''logothetae''; ; ; ; , ''logotet'') was an administrative title originating in the eastern Roman Empire. In the middle and late Byzantine Empire, it rose to become a senior Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy, administrative title, equivalent to a Minister (government), minister or secretary of state. The title spread to other states influenced by Byzantine culture, such as Second Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria, Kingdom of Sicily, Sicily, Serbia in the Middle Ages, Serbia, and the Danubian Principalities. Byzantine Empire Origin and development In Greek language, Greek, ''logothetēs'' means "one who accounts, calculates or ratiocinates", literally "one who sets the word". The exact origin of the title is unclear; it is found in papyrus, papyri and works of the Church Fathers denoting a variety of junior officials, mostly charged with fiscal duties.. The ancestors of the middle Byzantine logothetes we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logothetes Tou Dromou
The (), in English usually rendered as Logothete of the Course/Drome/ or Postal Logothete, was the head of the department of the Public Post (, , or simply , ), and one of the most senior fiscal ministers (logothetes) of the Byzantine Empire. History and functions The office of the is explicitly attested for the first time in circa 762, but traces its origins to the officials supervising the Public Post in Late Antiquity. Until the late 4th century, the administration of the Roman Empire's Public Post was a responsibility of the praetorian prefectures. Due to the abuse of the Post and its privileges by the officials of the praetorian prefecture, in the late 4th century the oversight over the Post passed to the , while the day-to-day administration remained in the hands of the praetorian prefecture. As a result, an official known as the , the inspector of the Public Post, is attested in the late 4th-century ''Notitia Dignitatum'' (''Pars Orientalis'', XI.50) as one of the princ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
