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Mediterranean Strategy
The Battle of the Mediterranean was the name given to the naval campaign fought in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II, from 10 June 1940 to 2 May 1945. For the most part, the campaign was fought between the Kingdom of Italy, Italian Regia Marina, Royal Navy (''Regia Marina''), supported by other Axis Powers, Axis naval and air forces, those of Nazi Germany and Vichy France, and the United Kingdom, British Royal Navy, supported by other Allies of World War II, Allied naval forces, such as those of Australia, the Netherlands, Poland, and Kingdom of Greece, Greece. American naval and air units joined the Allied side on 8 November 1942. The Vichy French Scuttling of the French fleet at Toulon, scuttled the bulk of their fleet on 27 November 1942, to prevent the Germans seizing it. As part of the Armistice of Cassibile in September 1943, most of the Italian Navy became the Italian Co-belligerent Navy, and fought alongside the Allies. Each side had three overall objectives in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mediterranean And Middle East Theatre Of World War II
The Mediterranean and Middle East theatre was a major Theater (warfare)#Theater of operations, theatre of operations during the Second World War. The vast size of the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre saw interconnected land, naval, and air campaigns fought for control of the Mediterranean, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Middle East and Southern Europe. The fighting started with Kingdom of Italy, Italy's declaration of war against the United Kingdom and French Third Republic , France, until 2 May 1945 when all Axis powers, Axis forces in Italy surrendered. However, fighting would continue in Kingdom of Greece, Greece – where British Army, British troops had been dispatched to aid the Government of Greece, Greek government – during the early stages of the Greek Civil War. The British referred to this theatre as the Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre (so called due to the location of the fighting and the name of Middle East Command), the Americans called it the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Somerville (admiral)
Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy), Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Fownes Somerville (17 July 1882 – 19 March 1949) was a Royal Navy Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy), admiral of the fleet. He served in the First World War as fleet wireless officer for the Mediterranean Fleet where he was involved in providing naval support for the Gallipoli Campaign. He also served in the Second World War as commander of the newly formed Force H: after the French armistice with Germany, Winston Churchill gave Somerville and Force H the task of neutralizing the main element of the French battle fleet, then at Mers El Kébir in Algeria. After he had destroyed the French Battle fleet, Somerville played an important role in the pursuit and sinking of the . Somerville later became Eastern Fleet, Commander-in-Chief, Eastern Fleet. In April 1942 Admiral Chūichi Nagumo's powerful Indian Ocean raid inflicted heavy losses on his fleet. However, in spring 1944, with reinforcements, Somerville was able ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mario Falangola
Mario Falangola (9 August 1880 – 14 July 1967) was an Italian admiral during World War II. Early life and career Mario Falangola was born in Rome in 1880 and was admitted to the Italian Naval Academy in Livorno in 1899, graduating as ensign in 1902.Paolo Alberini, Franco Prosperini, ''Dizionario biografico Uomini della Marina 1861-1946'', Ufficio Storico della Marina Militare, pp. 219-220. In 1911-1912, with the rank of Lieutenant, he participated in the Italo-Turkish War aboard the armored cruiser ''Giuseppe Garibaldi''. When Italy entered World War I, Falangola was initially embarked on the battleship ''Leonardo Da Vinci'', but after a short time he was transferred to the submarine service; in 1916 he became commander of the submarine ''Argo'', and later of the submarine ''F 7''. At the command of the latter, Falangola sank on 12 February 1918 the small Austro-Hungarian auxiliary vessel ''Pelagosa'' (245 GRT), and on 11 August 1918 the troop transport ''Euterpe'' (2,270 GRT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Bergamini (admiral)
Carlo Bergamini (24 October 1888 – 9 September 1943) was an Italian admiral. Early life Born in San Felice sul Panaro, Bergamini became a Guardiamarina (ensign) in 1908. He participated in the Italian-Turkish war as an officer on the armoured cruiser ''Vettor Pisani''. During World War I, he was the chief of artillery on the cruiser . In 1918 he received a silver medal for his bravery during an operation off the coast of Albania. His first command was that of the destroyer . In the time between World War I and World War II, he rose to the rank of Ammiraglio di Divisione, and made a notable contribution to the design of the fire-control system adopted on the major Italian warships. World War II While Italy remained neutral, Bergamini commanded the 4th and then the 9th Naval Division. He then became the Chief of Staff of the 1st Squadra Navale. He participated in the Battle of Cape Spartivento (known in Italy as the Battle of Cape Teulada) on board the battleship ''Vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelo Iachino
Angelo Iachino (or ''Jachino''; April 24, 1889 – December 3, 1976) was an Italian admiral during World War II. Early life and career Iachino was born in Sanremo, Liguria, in 1889, Birth name: Angelo Francesco Jachino. the son of Giuseppe Iachino, a middle school teacher, and Emilia Piccione. He entered the Italian Naval Academy in Livorno in 1904, and graduated in 1907. In 1911–1912 he participated in the Italo-Turkish War with the rank of Sub-Lieutenant. During World War I he first served on the battleship ''Giulio Cesare'' as a lieutenant and then, in July 1917, he was given command of the torpedo boat ''66 PN''. In this role he participated in several missions in the Adriatic, including, on 31 October 1918, the support to the Raid on Pula (''66 PN'' was to tow near Pola one of the two MAS carrying Raffaele Rossetti, Raffaele Paolucci and their '' mignatta'', but she was forced to abort due to engine problems). For his bravery in combat actions in the Northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inigo Campioni
Inigo Campioni (14 November 1878 – 24 May 1944) was an Italians, Italian naval officer during most of the first half of the 20th century. He served in four wars, and is best known as an admiral in the Italian Royal Navy (''Regia Marina'') during World War II. He was later executed by the Italian Social Republic for refusing to collaborate. Birth and early career Campioni was born in Viareggio, Province of Lucca, Italy, on 14 November 1878. He entered the Italian Naval Academy at Leghorn (Livorno) in 1893. He graduated in 1896 as a ''Gardes de la Marine, guardiamarina'' (midshipman) and received a promotion to ''sottotenente di vascello'' (ship-of-the-line sublieutenant) in 1898 and then to ''tenente di vascello'' (ship-of-the-line lieutenant) in 1905. Campioni participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, serving as an Commissioned officer, officer aboard the armored cruiser Italian cruiser Amalfi, ''Amalfi''. World War I World War I began in 1914, and Italy enter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raffaele De Courten
Raffaele de Courten (Milan, 23 September 1888 – Frascati, 23 August 1978) was an Italian admiral. He was the last Chief of Staff of the Italian ''Regia Marina'' ("Royal Navy"). Life Raffaele de Courten was born in Milan in 1888. He entered the Naval Academy of Leghorn (Livorno) in 1906 and graduated in 1910. He served on the battleships and , before joining the naval air arm just before World War I. In May 1915, during a bombardment of Pola on board the airship ''Città di Jesi'', he was captured when the airship was shot down and remained a prisoner of the Austro-Hungarian Army until June 1917. After the war, he was assigned to the Naval Staff, commanded flotillas of destroyers and submarines, and from 1933 to 1936 he was naval attaché in Nazi Germany. He was promoted to rear admiral in 1938. When Italy entered World War II on 10 June 1940, Courten first commanded from August 1941 to March 1942 the 7th Division, in which he participated in the First Battle of Sirte. He t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arturo Riccardi
Arturo Riccardi (30 October 1878 – 20 December 1966) was an Italian admiral during the Second World War, serving as the Ministry of Marine Director General of Personnel from 1935 to 1940 and Under Secretary of State of the Navy from 1941 until 1943. A specialist of aerial warfare, Riccardi frequently worked with senior German naval officers on the defense of the Italian peninsula. Early career Born to Adolph Riccardi and Ifigenia Rasini Di Mortigliengo, Riccardi attended the Italian military academy. Interwar years Heading the Cabinet to the Ministry of Navy from 6 February until 13 May 1925, Riccardi was made an admiral on 8 September 1932. Following his admission into the La Spezia ( PNF) political party in 1934, he was promoted to vice admiral on 27 December 1935. His subsequent positions include Ministry of Marine Director General of Personnel. Second World War Riccardi's first major engagement took place at the Battle of Taranto, when British carrier-borne torpedo bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domenico Cavagnari
Domenico Cavagnari (20 July 1876, Genoa – 2 November 1966, Rome) was an Italian admiral and the Chief of Staff of the Regia Marina from 1933 until 1940. Early life and career Born to a pharmacist, he enrolled in the Accademia Navale di Livorno in 1889, at an unusually young age of 13; he graduated from it in 1895. He participated in a Far East cruise on the armored cruiser ''Vettor Pisani'' from April to December 1903, after which he was named adjutant to the Minister of the Navy Carlo Mirabello. In 1914 he was promoted Capitano di Corvetta. During World War I, he commanded the coastal torpedo-boat ''9 PN'', and then the 6th Torpedo-Boat Flotilla; in 1917 he was under the command of Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel, then commanding the naval station of Venice, until April 1918, when he was given command of the destroyer ''Felice Orsini''. During the war he was promoted Capitano di Fregata and gained three Silver Medals of Military Valor. After the war, Cavagnari was promot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Kent Hewitt
Henry Kent Hewitt (February 11, 1887 – September 15, 1972) was the United States Navy commander of amphibious operations in North Africa and southern Europe through World War II. He was born in Hackensack, New Jersey and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1907. His classmates included Patrick N. L. Bellinger, Willis W. Bradley, Robert C. Giffen, Jonas H. Ingram, George M. Courts, Claud A. Jones, and Raymond A. Spruance. Early career Hewitt served aboard in the Great White Fleet's circumnavigation of the globe from 1907–1909. His sea duty continued as a division officer aboard and executive officer of the destroyer . In 1913 he was promoted to lieutenant, married Floride Louise Hunt (1887–1973), and began three years of shore duty as a Naval Academy mathematics instructor. He returned to sea in 1916 commanding the yacht in the Caribbean. Hewitt was awarded the Navy Cross commanding the destroyer escorting Atlantic convoys during World War I. His ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Neville Syfret
Admiral Sir Edward Neville Syfret, (20 June 1889 – 10 December 1972) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy who saw service in both World Wars. He was knighted for his part in Operation Pedestal, the critical Malta convoy, in the Second World War. Naval career Born the son of Edward Ridge Syfret of Cape Town in South Africa and educated at Diocesan College, South Africa and the Britannia Royal Naval College, Syfret joined the Royal Navy in 1904 and, in his early service years, specialised in naval gunnery. He played in a Navy v Army cricket match at Lord's in 1911 and 1912. First World War In World War I he became gunnery officer in the light cruisers HMS ''Aurora'', and . Inter War Years In 1927 he was fleet gunnery officer, Mediterranean Fleet. With the rank of commander he was appointed to in 1928 before promotion to captain the following year. In 1932 he was put in command of on the China Station in 1932. Second World War Syfret served in the Second World ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
