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Mebrure Gönenç
Emine Mebrure Gönenç (1900 – 6 December 1981) was a Turkish school teacher, politician and one of the first 18 female members of the Turkish parliament. Early life Mebrure Gönenç was born in 1900 to İbrahim, a clerk in the office for personal private expenditures of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II (reigned 1876–1909), and his spouse Didar in Istanbul, then Ottoman Empire. According to an unofficial information of the family', she was born in 1898. She finished her primary education at Üsküdar Vocational High School for Girls, and then attended "Ottoman Union School" in Beşiktaş, which educated in Turkish and French. In 1914, she entered Arnavutköy American High School for Girls graduating in 1919. School teacher career Emine Mebrure began a career serving as a teacher of French at Girls' School in Beylerbeyi. She then taught English and Science at American School in Gedikpaşa. Between 1925 and 1926, shortly after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, she acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul
Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics of Turkey, population of Turkey. Istanbul is among the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest cities in Europe and List of cities proper by population, in the world by population. It is a city on two continents; about two-thirds of its population live in Europe and the rest in Asia. Istanbul straddles the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its area of is coterminous with Istanbul Province. Istanbul's climate is Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean. The city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. Byzantium was founded on the Sarayburnu promontory by Greek colonisation, Greek col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surname Law
The Surname Law () of the Republic of Turkey is a law adopted on 21 June 1934, requiring all citizens of Turkey to adopt the use of fixed, hereditary surnames. Prior to 1934, Turkish families in the major urban centres had names by which they were known locally (often ending with the suffixes ''-zade'', ''-oğlu'' or ''-gil''), and were used in similar manner to a surname. The Surname Law of 1934 enforced the use of official surnames but also stipulated that citizens choose Turkish names. Until it was repealed in 2013, the eldest male was the head of household and Turkish law appointed him to choose the surname. However, in his absence, death, or mental incapacitation the wife would do so. Origin Instead of a European style surname, Muslims in the Ottoman Empire carried titles such as "Pasha", "Hoca", " Bey", " Hanım", " Agha", " Effendi". These titles either defined their formal profession (such as Pasha, Hoca, etc.) or their informal status within the society (such as Bey, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1900 Births
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2100. Summary Political and military The year 1900 was the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Two days into the new year, the U.S. Secretary of State John Hay announced the Open Door Policy regarding China, advocating for equal access for all nations to the Chinese market. The Galveston hurricane would become the deadliest natural disaster in United States history, killing between 6,000 and 12,000 people, mostly in and near Galveston, Texas, as well as leaving 10,000 people homeless, destroying 7,000 buildings of all kinds in Galveston. As of 2025, it remains the fourth deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record. An ongoing Boxer Rebellion in China escalates with multiple attacks by the Boxers on Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hürriyet
''Hürriyet'' (, ''Liberty'') is a major List of newspapers in Turkey, Turkish newspaper, founded in 1948. it had the highest circulation of any newspaper in Turkey at around 319,000. ''Hürriyet'' combines entertainment with news coverage and has a mainstream, liberal and conservative outlook. ''Hürriyet'' has regional offices in Istanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Adana, Antalya and Trabzon, as well as a news network comprising 52 offices and 600 reporters in Turkey and abroad, all affiliated with Doğan News Agency, which primarily serves newspapers and television channels that were previously under the management of Doğan Media Group (Doğan Yayın Holding). ''Hürriyet'' is printed in six cities in Turkey and in Frankfurt, Germany. , according to Alexa Internet, Alexa, its website was the tenth most visited in Turkey, the second most visited of a newspaper and the fourth most visited news website. On 21 March 2018, Doğan Yayın Holding, the parent company of ''Hürriyet'', was so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to Cardiac cycle, fill with and pump blood. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath, Fatigue (medical), excessive fatigue, and bilateral peripheral edema, leg swelling. The severity of the heart failure is mainly decided based on ejection fraction and also measured by the severity of symptoms. Other conditions that have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver disease, anemia, and thyroid disease. Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease, heart attack, hypertension, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, alcohol use disorder, excessive alcohol consumption, infection, and cardiomyopathy. These cause heart failure by altering the structure or the function of the heart or in some cases both. There are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visual Impairment
Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception. In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. The terms ''low vision'' and ''blindness'' are often used for levels of impairment which are difficult or impossible to correct and significantly impact daily life. In addition to the various permanent conditions, fleeting temporary vision impairment, amaurosis fugax, may occur, and may indicate serious medical problems. The most common causes of visual impairment globally are uncorrected refractive errors (43%), cataracts (33%), and glaucoma (2%). Refractive errors include near-sightedness, far-sightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism (eye), astigmatism. Cataracts are the most common cause of blindness. Other disorders that may cause visual problems include age-related macular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Braille
Braille ( , ) is a Tactile alphabet, tactile writing system used by blindness, blind or visually impaired people. It can be read either on embossed paper or by using refreshable braille displays that connect to computers and smartphone devices. Braille can be written using a slate and stylus, a braille writer, an electronic braille notetaker or with the use of a computer connected to a braille embosser. For blind readers, braille is an independent writing system, rather than a code of printed orthography. Braille is named after its creator, Louis Braille, a Frenchman who lost his sight as a result of a childhood accident. In 1824, at the age of fifteen, he developed the braille code based on the French alphabet as an improvement on night writing. He published his system, which subsequently included musical notation, in 1829. The second revision, published in 1837, was the first Binary numeral system, binary form of writing developed in the modern era. Braille characters are f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Health (Turkey)
The Ministry of Health () is the ministry of the Government of Turkey responsible for proposing and executing the government policy on health, planning and providing healthcare and protecting consumers. Likewise, it is responsible for proposing and executing the government policy on social cohesion and inclusion, family, protection of minors, youth and of care for dependent or disabled persons. The Ministry is headquartered in the Bakanlıklar in Ankara. The Ministry of Health is headed by the Minister of Health, who is appointed by the President of Turkey at request of the Turkish Parliament. The current minister is Fahrettin Koca, serving since 10 July 2018. History Foundation of Ministry (1920–1946) Continuity and organization of healthcare were a key focus in the Seljuk-Ottoman medical tradition. Following the foundation of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the Ministry of Health was established on 3 May 1920. The main goal of this initial period was to heal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1946 Turkish General Election
General elections were held in Turkey on 21 July 1946, the first multi-party general elections in the country's history. The multiple non-transferable vote electoral system was used. The result was a victory for the Republican People's Party, which won 395 of the 465 seats. This election was held on the basis of open voting, secret counting and majority system, with the exception of judicial supervision (open vote, secret classification). Due to these irregularities, it has also been referred to as a "fraudulent election".Sina Akşin, ''Ana Çizgileriyle Türkiye'nin Yakın Tarihi'', İkinci Baskı, İmaj Yayıncılık, Ankara, 1996, , s. 216. Results References {{Turkish elections General elections in Turkey Turkey Turkey General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
7th Parliament Of Turkey
The 7th Grand National Assembly of Turkey existed from 28 February 1943 to 5 August 1946. There were 492 MPs in the parliament, all of which were the members of the Republican People's Party (CHP). But towards the end of the term some issued from CHP to form Democrat Party (DP) Main parliamentary milestones Some of the important events in the history of the parliament are the following:Türkiye'nin 75 Yılı; Tempo Yayıncılık, İstanbul *8 March 1943 – İsmet İnönü was reelected as the president of Turkey for the third time. *9 March 1943 – Şükrü Saracoğlu of CHP formed the 14th government of Turkey. *2 August 1944 – The parliament decided to suspend Turco-German relations *10 January 1945 – ''Law 4695'': The text of the constitution was revised to replace non Turkish words with the Turkish equivalents. *10 January 1945 – ''Law 4696'' Four Arabic month names were changed to Turkish month names. *23 February – Parliament approved declaration of war to Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6th Parliament Of Turkey
The 6th Grand National Assembly of Turkey existed from 26 March 1939 to 8 March 1943. There were 470 MPs in the parliament all of which were the members of the Republican People's Party (CHP). Main parliamentary milestones Some of the important events in the history of the parliament are the following:Türkiye'nin 75 Yılı; Tempo Yayıncılık, İstanbul *26 March 1939 – General elections *3 April 1939 – İsmet İnönü was elected as the president of Turkey for the second time *3 April 1939 – Refik Saydam of CHP formed the 12th government of Turkey *30 June 1939 – Parliament approved merging Hatay Republic to Turkey *17 April 1940 – ''Law 2780'' : Village Institutes were established *9 July 1942 – Upon Refik Saydam’s death, Şükrü Saracoğlu of CHP formed the 13th government of Turkey *11 November 1942 – ''Law 4305'' : Wealth tax ( ) *28 February 1943 – General Elections A general election is an electoral process to choose most or all members of a gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Congress Of Women
The International Congress of Women was created so that groups of existing women's suffrage movements could come together with other women's groups around the world. It served as a way for women organizations across the nation to establish formal means of communication and to provide more opportunities for women to ask the big questions relating to feminism at the time. The congress has been utilized by a number of feminist and pacifist events since 1878. A few groups that participated in the early conferences were The International Council of Women, The International Alliance of Women and The Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Paris, 1878 The First International Congress of Women's Rights convened in Paris in 1878 upon the occasion of the third Paris World's Fair. An historic event attended by many representatives, seven resolutions were passed at the meeting, beginning with the idea that "the adult woman is the equal of the adult man". The subject of women's su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
