|
Maçahel
Machakheli ( ka, მაჭახელი, ''Mač’axeli''; tr, Maçahel) is a historical geographical area in Adjara and long valley along the river Machakhlistskali between Turkey and Georgia. There are 23 settled villages in this valley. For its ecology, flora and fauna, as well as cultural importance, both the Turkish and Georgian segments of the valley are protected by the respective governments. History Machakheli, also archaically known as Michikhiani (მიჭიხიანი), had been part of the Georgian kingdom until its fragmentation in the late 15th century. Then it passed to the semi-independent princes of Samtskhe (also known effectively as Saatabago (საათაბაგო) for the rule of atabegs from the Jaqeli family), who submitted to the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II in 1479. The Ottoman administration is not attested until the 1570s. In 1563 the ruler of Machakheli, probably of the Shalikashvili clan, converted to Islam and joined the Ottoman ranks un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machakhlistskali
The Machakhelistsqali or Machakhlitskal ( ka, მაჭახელისწყალი, ''Mač’axelisc’q’ali''; tr, Maçahel Suyu) is a river that flows from the Artvin Province in Turkey to Adjara autonomous republic of Georgia. It is a right tributary of the Çoruh The Chorokh ( ka, ჭოროხი ''Ch'orokhi'', tr, Çoruh, hy, Չորոխ ''Ch’vorokh'', el, Άκαμψις, ''Akampsis'') is a river that rises in the Mescit Mountains in north-eastern Turkey, flows through the cities of Bayburt, İsp ... (''Chorokhi''). References * Rivers of Turkey Rivers of Georgia (country) International rivers of Europe International rivers of Asia Landforms of Artvin Province {{Georgia-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nigali Valley
Nigali or the Nigali valley ( ka, ნიგალი, ნიგალის ხევი, ''nigalis khevi''), also known, through a subsequent metathesis, as Ligani (ლიგანი) or Livana (ლივანა; tr, Livâne)Toumanoff, Cyril (1963). ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'', p. 439. Georgetown University Press. is a historical district on the lower course of the Çoruh or Chorokhi river, currently divided between Turkey and Georgia. History The land known as ''Nigal'' first appears as one of the districts of Colchis in the 7th-century Armenian geography attributed to Ananias of Shirak. Hewsen, Robert H. (1992), ''The Geography of Ananias of Širak: Ašxarhac'oyc', the Long and the Short Recensions'', p. 210. Reichert, In the 8th century, Nigali became part of an appanage of the Georgian Bagratid family. It was bounded by Adjara on the north-east, Shavsheti on the east, and Klarjeti on the south. The medieval Georgian sources also make mention o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia (country)
Georgia (, ; ) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, by Russia to the north and northeast, by Turkey to the southwest, by Armenia to the south, and by Azerbaijan to the southeast. The country covers an area of , and has a population of 3.7 million people. Tbilisi is its capital as well as its largest city, home to roughly a third of the Georgian population. During the classical era, several independent kingdoms became established in what is now Georgia, such as Colchis and Iberia. In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. In the Middle Ages, the unified Kingdom of Georgia emerged and reached its Golden Age during the reign of King David IV and Queen Tamar in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Thereafter, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artvin Province
Artvin Province ( tr, ; ka, , ''Artvinis p’rovincia''; Laz: ართვინიშ დობადონა ''Artviniş dobadona'') is a province in Turkey, on the Black Sea coast in the northeastern corner of the country, on the border with Georgia. The provincial capital is the city of Artvin. Geography Artvin is an attractive area of steep valleys carved by the Çoruh River system, surrounded by high mountains of Kaçkar, Karçal and Yalnızçam (up to 3900 m) and forest with much national parkland including the Karagöl-Sahara, which contains the Şavşat and Borçka lakes. The weather in Artvin is very wet and mild at the coast, and as a result is heavily forested. This greenery runs from the top all the way down to the Black Sea coast. The rain turns to snow at higher altitudes, and the peaks are very cold in winter. The forests are home to brown bears and wolves. The Çoruh is now being dammed in 11 places for hydro-electric power, including the 249& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machakhela National Park
Machakhela National Park is a national park in Adjara, in the valley of Machakhlistskali, Georgia. The park was established in 2012 with an area of 8733 ha.Machakhela in Georgia ''Protected Planet'' Machakhela National Park provides for the preservation of unique biological and landscape biodiversity, the long-term protection of ecosystem of Colchic forests, ecological safety and natural and environmental tourism and recreational activities. Tourist attractions Machakhela National Park region features ruins of fortresses in historic region of |
Şavşat
Şavşat ( ka, შავშეთი, tr) is a town and district of Artvin Province in the Black Sea region, between the cities of Artvin and Kars on the border with Georgia at the far eastern end of Turkey. History According to Rayfield, in 790 BC, King Menua of Urartu invaded Shesheti in Kingdom of Diauehi, which is the Kartvelian province of Shavsheti. In 387 this land was a part of Marzpan Iberia (vassal of Iran). After this, in IX century it was one of the Georgian princedoms in the constellation of several polities which is conventionally known as Tao-Klarjeti in Georgian. The princedom of Shavsheti included today's districts of Şavşat, Borçka, and Murgul in Turkey and Lower Machakheli in Adjara (Georgia). The fortress above the town is primarily of Georgian construction and probably dates from the 9th century A.D., when it was rebuilt by Adarnase I of Iberia. The site has an impressive circuit wall with strategically placed towers and rooms, including two small chapel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imerkhevi
Imerkhevi (, ) is a valley in the north of the Şavşat district in the Artvin Province of Turkey, along the border with Georgia. There are 15 villages in this area, inhabited by ethnic Georgians, who speak a local dialect of the Georgian language. History Imerkhevi was historically one of the subregions that made up Shavsheti, a medieval Georgian fiefdom on the upper course of the Imerkhevi or Berta river, east of Nigali, west of the Arsiani Range (Yalnızçam) and bounded by Adjara on the north. Toumanoff, Cyril (1963). ''Studies in Christian Caucasian History'', p. 439. Georgetown University Press. After these territories were conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, Imerkhevi (İmerhev) became a ''sanjak'' and its people gradually converted to Islam. The territory was acquired by the Russian Empire through the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. Shavsheti and Imerkhevi were organized into the Shavsheto-Imerkhevsky circuit (''uchastok'') as part of the Batum Oblast. As o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machakheli National Park
Machakhela National Park is a national park in Adjara, in the valley of Machakhlistskali, Georgia. The park was established in 2012 with an area of 8733 ha.Machakhela in Georgia ''Protected Planet'' Machakhela National Park provides for the preservation of unique biological and landscape biodiversity, the long-term protection of ecosystem of Colchic forests, ecological safety and natural and environmental tourism and recreational activities. Tourist attractions Machakhela National Park region features ruins of fortresses in historic region of |
Trout
Trout are species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera '' Oncorhynchus'', '' Salmo'' and '' Salvelinus'', all of the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae. The word ''trout'' is also used as part of the name of some non-salmonid fish such as ''Cynoscion nebulosus'', the spotted seatrout or speckled trout. Trout are closely related to salmon and char (or charr): species termed salmon and char occur in the same genera as do fish called trout (''Oncorhynchus'' – Pacific salmon and trout, ''Salmo'' – Atlantic salmon and various trout, ''Salvelinus'' – char and trout). Lake trout and most other trout live in freshwater lakes and rivers exclusively, while there are others, such as the steelhead, a form of the coastal rainbow trout, that can spend two or three years at sea before returning to fresh water to spawn (a habit more typical of salmon). Arctic char and brook trout are part of the char genus. Trout are an important food source for humans and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomous Republic
An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province or Federated state, state. A significant number of autonomous republics can be found within the successor states of the Soviet Union, but the majority are located within Russia. Many of these republics were established during the Soviet period as Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union, Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, or ASSRs. Autonomous republics within the former republics of the Soviet Union *Republics of Russia *Azerbaijan: Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic *Georgia (country), Georgia: Adjara, Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Abkhazia (currently controlled by the pro-Russian separatist government of the Abkhazia, Republic of Abkhazia) *Ukraine: Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Crimea (disputed with and occupied by Russia) *Uzbekistan: Karakalpakstan *Tajikistan: Gorno-Badakhshan Eastern Europe * Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus * Comrat Republic (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khelvachauri Municipality
Khelvachauri ( ka, ხელვაჩაურის მუნიციპალიტეტი, ''Khelvachauris Municiṕaliťeťi'') is a municipality in Georgia's southwestern autonomous republic of Adjara with a population of 52,737 people (2021). The administrative center is the town of Khelvachauri, which is located for the most part within the Batumi municipal boundaries since 2012. The municipality covers an area of and has 64 villages spread over 11 administrative units in the relatively densely populated hills around the city of Batumi. Geography Khelvachauri is the most southwestern municipality of Georgia and the area has been of great importance due to its strategic location with a rich historical past and a lot of cultural heritage. The modern municipality has 3 kilometers of coastline with the Black Sea in the extreme southwest and borders Turkey in the south. The border crossing at the village of Sarpi on the Black Sea coast is the most important of three Geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Man And The Biosphere Programme
Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, launched in 1971 by UNESCO, that aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships between people and their environments. MAB's work engages fully with the international development agenda—specially with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Post 2015 Development Agenda—and addresses challenges linked to scientific, environmental, societal and development issues in diverse ecosystems; from mountain regions to marine, coastal and island areas; from tropical forests to dry lands and urban areas. MAB combines the natural and social sciences, economics and education to improve human livelihoods and the equitable sharing of benefits, and to safeguard natural and managed ecosystems, thus promoting innovative approaches to economic development that are socially and culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable. The MAB program provides a unique platform for co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.JPG "Click for more on -> Imerkhevi")
