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Matla
In Persian, Turkic and Urdu poetry, the matla (from Arabic ; ; ; ; ; ) is the first '' bayt'', or couplet, of a ''ghazal''. In this sense, it is the opposite of the ''maqta'''. It is possible, although extremely rare, for there to be more than one ''matla'' in a ''ghazal''; in this case the second is referred to as husn e Matla. It is important part because it establishes the overall form and mood of the entire ''ghazal''. The defining feature of the ''matla'' is that both verses of the couplet rhyme, or expressed in technical terminology, both verses end with the ''qafiya'' and ''radif In Persian poetry, Persian, Turkic, and Urdu poetry, Urdu ghazals, the ''radīf'' (from Arabic ; ; ; ; ; ) is the word which must end each line of the first couplet and the second line of all the following couplets. It is preceded by a ''qafiya'' ...'' of the ''ghazal''. In fact, the purpose of the ''matla'' is to define the qafiya and radif for the rest of the ''ghazal''. References {{Persi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urdu Poetry
Urdu poetry ( ) is a tradition of poetry and has many different forms. Today, it is an important part of the culture of India and Pakistan. According to Naseer Turabi, there are five major poets of Urdu: Mir Taqi Mir (d. 1810), Mirza Ghalib (d. 1869), Mir Anees (d. 1874), Muhammad Iqbal#Urdu, Muhammad Iqbal (d. 1938) and Josh Malihabadi (d. 1982). The language of Urdu reached its pinnacle under the British Raj, and it received official status. All famous writers of Urdu language including Ghalib and Iqbal were given British scholarships. Following the Partition of India in 1947, it found major poets and scholars were divided along the nationalistic lines. However, Urdu poetry is cherished in both the nations. Both the Muslims and Hindus from across the border continue the tradition. It is fundamentally performative poetry and its recital, sometimes impromptu, is held in Mushairas (poetic expositions). Although its tarannum saaz (singing aspect) has undergone major changes in rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghazal
''Ghazal'' is a form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry that often deals with topics of spiritual and romantic love. It may be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss, or separation from the beloved, and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. The ghazal form is ancient, tracing its origins to 7th-century Arabic poetry. It spread into the Indian subcontinent in the 12th century due to the influence of Sufi mystics and the courts of the new Ghurid Sultanate, Islamic Sultanate, and is now most prominently a form of poetry of many languages of South Asia and Languages of Turkey, Turkey. A poem of ghazal commonly consists of five to fifteen couplets, which are independent, but are linked – abstractly, in their theme; and more strictly in their poetic form. The structural requirements of ghazal are similar in stringency to those of the Petrarchan sonnet. In style and content, due to its highly allusive nature, ghazal has proved capable of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maqta'
In Persian, Turkic and Urdu poetry, the maqta (from Arabic ; ; ; ; ; ) is the final '' bayt'', or couplet, of a ''ghazal''. In this sense, it is the opposite of the '' matla'''. The poet's ''takhallus'', or pen name, is usually employed in the ''maqta'', often in very creative ways. A '' shayar'' can use the ''maqta'' in a variety of interesting ways. He can "talk to himself", "to somebody else", "refer to something" etc. For example ''Firaq'' Gorakhpuri, whose ''takhallus'' is the word for the common theme in Urdu poetry of the state of pining for the beloved, plays on his pen name and the word ''firaq'': Urdu: تو یہ نہ سمجھنا کے فِراق تیری فِراق میں ہیں فِراق اُسکی فِراق میں ہہ جو تیری فِراق میں ہہ Roman Urdu: :''Tu yeh na samajh ke Firaq teri Firaq mein hai'' :''Firaq uski Firaq mein hai jo teri Firaq mein hai'' English Translation: :Don't think that Firaq pines for you :Firaq pines for the one who pines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghazal
''Ghazal'' is a form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry that often deals with topics of spiritual and romantic love. It may be understood as a poetic expression of both the pain of loss, or separation from the beloved, and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. The ghazal form is ancient, tracing its origins to 7th-century Arabic poetry. It spread into the Indian subcontinent in the 12th century due to the influence of Sufi mystics and the courts of the new Ghurid Sultanate, Islamic Sultanate, and is now most prominently a form of poetry of many languages of South Asia and Languages of Turkey, Turkey. A poem of ghazal commonly consists of five to fifteen couplets, which are independent, but are linked – abstractly, in their theme; and more strictly in their poetic form. The structural requirements of ghazal are similar in stringency to those of the Petrarchan sonnet. In style and content, due to its highly allusive nature, ghazal has proved capable of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Poetry
Persian literature comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures. It spans over two-and-a-half millennia. Its sources have been within Greater Iran including present-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Caucasus, and Turkey, regions of Central Asia (such as Tajikistan), South Asia and the Balkans where the Persian language has historically been either the native or official language. For example, Rumi, one of the best-loved Persian poets, born in Balkh (in modern-day Afghanistan) or Wakhsh (in modern-day Tajikistan), wrote in Persian and lived in Konya (in modern-day Turkey), at that time the capital of the Seljuks in Anatolia. The Ghaznavids conquered large territories in Central and South Asia and adopted Persian as their court language. There is thus Persian literature from Iran, Mesopotamia, Azerbaijan, the wider Caucasus, Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Tajikistan and other parts of Centra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary Arabic, known as Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves generally do not distinguish between Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as ( "the eloquent Arabic") or simply ' (). Arabic is the List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language, third most widespread official language after English and French, one of six official languages of the United Nations, and the Sacred language, liturgical language of Islam. Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities around the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayt (poetry)
A bayt (, , ) is a metrical unit of Arabic, Azerbaijani, Ottoman, Persian, Punjabi, Sindhi and Urdu poetry. In Arabic poetry, a bayt corresponds to a single line divided into two hemistichs of equal length, each containing two, three or four feet, or from 16 to 32 syllables."Arabian Poetry for English Readers," by William Alexander Clouston (1881)p. 379in Google Books In Persian, Turkic and Urdu poetry, the word bayt has come to refer to two lines (like a couplet, although the two lines of a Persian, Turkic or Urdu bayt do not have to rhyme). William Alexander Clouston concluded that this fundamental part of Arabic prosody originated with the Bedouins or Arabs of the desert, as, in the nomenclature of the different parts of the line, one foot is called "a tent-pole", another "tent-peg" and the two hemistichs of the verse are called after the folds or leaves of the double-door of the tent or "house". Through Ottoman Turkish, it got into Albanian as and the bards of Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qafiya
In Persian, Turkic, and Urdu ghazals, the ''qāfiya'' (from Arabic , ; ; ; ; ) is the rhyming pattern of words that must directly precede the ''radif In Persian poetry, Persian, Turkic, and Urdu poetry, Urdu ghazals, the ''radīf'' (from Arabic ; ; ; ; ; ) is the word which must end each line of the first couplet and the second line of all the following couplets. It is preceded by a ''qafiya'' ...''. The ''qāfiya'' is the actual rhyme of the ghazal. References {{Urdu poetry Persian poetry Azerbaijani poetry Urdu-language poetry Ghazal Rhyme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radif
In Persian poetry, Persian, Turkic, and Urdu poetry, Urdu ghazals, the ''radīf'' (from Arabic ; ; ; ; ; ) is the word which must end each line of the first couplet and the second line of all the following couplets. It is preceded by a ''qafiya'', which is the actual rhyme of the ghazal. The following is an example of an Urdu ghazal by Daagh Dehlvi, where the radif is "mein" while the qafiya is in ''-aah'': , , , , and . In Urdu, a ''ghazal'' which has no ''radif'' is known as ''ghair muraddaf ghazal''; if it contains ''radif'', it is called a ''muraddaf ghazal''. Notes References Persian poetry Azerbaijani poetry Urdu-language poetry Ghazal Rhyme {{Poetry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
