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Massimo Vignelli
Massimo Vignelli (; January 10, 1931 – May 27, 2014) was an Italian designer who worked in several areas, including packaging, housewares, furniture, public signage, and showroom design. He worked within the modernist tradition, emphasizing simplicity by using basic geometric shapes. He co-founded Vignelli Associates with his wife, Lella. Biography Massimo Vignelli was born in Milan in 1931. He studied architecture at the Politecnico di Milano and later at the Università Iuav di Venezia. At the age of 16, he joined the Castiglioni brothers' design firm to work as a draftsman. Between 1957 and 1960, Vignelli first came to America on a fellowship. He returned to New York in 1966 to co-found the New York branch of Unimark International. The firm went on to design corporate identities, such as the American Airlines logo in 1967 which was in use until 2013. During his tenure at Unimark, Vignelli designed the signage for the New York City Subway. His design for the New Y ...
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Milan
Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nearly 1.4 million, while its Metropolitan City of Milan, metropolitan city has 3.2 million residents. Within Europe, Milan is the fourth-most-populous List of urban areas in the European Union, urban area of the EU with 6.17 million inhabitants. According to national sources, the population within the wider Milan metropolitan area (also known as Greater Milan) is estimated between 7.5 million and 8.2 million, making it by far the List of metropolitan areas of Italy, largest metropolitan area in Italy and List of metropolitan areas in Europe, one of the largest in the EU.* * * * Milan is the economic capital of Italy, one of the economic capitals of Europe and a global centre for business, fashion and finance. Milan is reco ...
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Metropolitan Transportation Authority
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) is a New York state public benefit corporations, public benefit corporation in New York (state), New York State responsible for public transportation in the New York metropolitan area, New York City metropolitan area. The MTA is the largest public transit authority in North America, serving 12 counties in Downstate New York, along with two counties in southwestern Connecticut under contract to the Connecticut Department of Transportation, carrying over 11 million passengers on an average weekday systemwide, and over 850,000 vehicles on its MTA Bridges and Tunnels, seven toll bridges and two tunnels per weekday. History Founding In February 1965, New York governor Nelson Rockefeller suggested that the New York State Legislature create an authority to purchase, operate, and modernize the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR). The LIRR, then a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), had been operating under bankruptcy protection since 1 ...
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Michael Bierut
Michael Bierut (born 1957) is a graphic designer, design critic and educator, who has been a partner at design firm Pentagram since 1990. He designed the logo for Hillary Clinton's 2016 presidential campaign. Early life and education Michael Bierut was born in 1957 in Cleveland, Ohio. His family lived in Garfield Heights and he attended Saturday morning classes at the Cleveland Museum of Art where he developed his drawing skills. The family moved to the suburb Parma in 1967, and he attended Normandy High School, graduating in 1975. In the ninth grade, Bierut created his first poster for a school play and wanted to create things with purpose. He also enjoyed album cover art and discovered the book ''Graphic Design Manual'' by Armin Hofmann and ''Milton Glaser: Graphic Design''. He studied graphic design at the University of Cincinnati's College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning (DAAP) as a result of these influences. While in school, he interned for Chris Pullman ...
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Bloomingdale's
Bloomingdale's Inc. is an American luxury department store chain founded in 1861 by Joseph Bloomingdale and Lyman Bloomingdale. It was acquired by Federated Department Stores in 1930, which purchased the Macy's department store chain in 1994, when they became sister brands. Ultimately, Federated itself was renamed Macy's, Inc. in 2007. As of 2024, the chain had a total of 32 owned department stores in the U.S. and 3 franchised stores in Dubai and Kuwait; 21 outlet stores (all in the U.S.), and 4 ''Bloomie's by Bloomingdales'' concept stores. Its headquarters and flagship store are located at 59th Street and Lexington Avenue in the New York City borough of Manhattan. History 19th century Founding (1861) The first Bloomingdale's was founded in New York City by Benjamin Bloomingdale and his son Lyman Bloomingdale in 1861 in its Lower East Side area, originally under the name Bloomingdale's Hoopskirts, initially focused on selling hoop skirts and European fashions. The broth ...
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Heller Ovenware Massimo Vignelli - Austin Calhoon Photograph
Heller may refer to: People * Heller (surname), various people with the surname Arts and entertainment * Heller (band), a Serbian thrash metal band ** ''Heller'' (album), their debut album * James Heller, a character from the TV series ''24'' * Jettero Heller, main character in the '' Mission Earth'' novels written by L. Ron Hubbard * Erik Heller, father in the 2011 movie '' Hanna'' Places * Heller (river), a river in western Germany * Heller House, a house in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois Companies * Gebr. Heller, a German manufacturing firm * Heller SA, a French company that produces plastic scale model kits * Heller Brewery, part of the Schlenkerla brewpub in Bamberg, Germany * Heller, Inc., an American furniture and houseware manufacturer and retailer Law * Heller Ehrman, an international law firm * '' District of Columbia v. Heller'', a United States court case regarding the application of the Second Amendment * '' Hedley Byrne v. Heller'', a 1963 English tort l ...
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Diagram
A diagram is a symbolic Depiction, representation of information using Visualization (graphics), visualization techniques. Diagrams have been used since prehistoric times on Cave painting, walls of caves, but became more prevalent during the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment. Sometimes, the technique uses a Three-dimensional space, three-dimensional visualization which is then graphical projection, projected onto a two-dimensional surface. The word ''graphics, graph'' is sometimes used as a synonym for diagram. Overview The term "diagram" in its commonly used sense can have a general or specific meaning: * ''visual information device'' : Like the term "illustration", "diagram" is used as a collective term standing for the whole class of technical genres, including graphics, graphs, technical drawings and tables. * ''specific kind of visual display'' : This is the genre that shows qualitative data with shapes that are connected by lines, arrows, or other visual links. In scie ...
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New York City Subway Map
Many transit maps for the New York City Subway have been designed since the subway's inception in 1904. Because the subway was originally built by three separate companies, an official map for all subway lines was not created until 1940, when the three companies were consolidated under a single operator. Since then, the official map has undergone several complete revisions, with intervening periods of comparative stability. The current New York City Subway diagram was inspired by a design by Massimo Vignelli, originally used by the MTA from 1972 to 1979. This new version was made the official subway map in April 2025, replacing a design derived from a 1979 Michael Hertz Associates map that was commissioned by John Tauranac and the MTA Subway Map Committee. There are also special maps for weekend service changes, and the MTA has previously produced maps for events such as the Mass Transit Super Bowl. There are several privately produced schematics that are available either online ...
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Helvetica
Helvetica, also known by its original name Neue Haas Grotesk, is a widely-used sans-serif typeface developed in 1957 by Swiss typeface designer Max Miedinger and Eduard Hoffmann. Helvetica is a neo-grotesque design, one influenced by the famous 19th-century (1890s) typeface Akzidenz-Grotesk and other German and Swiss designs. Its use became a hallmark of the International Typographic Style that emerged from the work of Swiss designers in the 1950s and 1960s, becoming one of the most popular typefaces of the mid-20th century. Over the years, a wide range of variants have been released in different weights, widths, and sizes, as well as matching designs for a range of non-Latin alphabets. Notable features of Helvetica as originally designed include a high x-height, the termination of strokes on horizontal or vertical lines and an unusually tight spacing between letters, which combine to give it a dense, solid appearance. Developed by the ''Haas'sche Schriftgiesserei'' ( Haa ...
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Helvetica (film)
''Helvetica'' is a 2007 American independent feature-length documentary film about typography and graphic design, centered on the Helvetica typeface. Directed by Gary Hustwit, it was released in 2007 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the typeface's introduction in 1957 and is considered the first of the Design Trilogy by the director. Synopsis ''Helvetica'' is a documentary that interviews many graphic designers involved in the history or modern usage of the Helvetica typeface. The initial interviews discuss the original creator Eduard Hoffmann, and his goals for creating a clean, legible type relating to the ideals of the Modernist movement. Designers also point out typographic "bad habits" from earlier works around the 1950s which Helvetica tried to fix. For example, illegible hand-made lettering and cramped cursive. Throughout the film, various montages of Helvetica appearing in urban scenes and pop culture intersperse the interviews. Later, other interviewers poin ...
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Gary Hustwit
Gary Hustwit is an American independent filmmaker and photographer. He is best known for his design documentaries, which examine the impact of trends in graphic design, typography, industrial design, architecture, and urban planning. He told ''Dwell'' magazine, "I like the idea of taking a closer look at the things we take for granted and changing the way people think about them." In addition to filmmaking, he has been active in the independent music and book publishing industries. Career While in college at San Diego State University in the mid-1980s, Hustwit began working with independent bands and promoting concerts. In 1987 he self-published the book "Releasing an Independent Record", a guide to how to start a record label. Hustwit continued to publish books by other authors about the music business, fiction, and poetry. Hustwit worked with punk record label SST Records in Los Angeles in 1989 and 1990, doing distribution. In 1999 Hustwit moved to New York City and opened ...
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The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, the ''Times'' serves as one of the country's Newspaper of record, newspapers of record. , ''The New York Times'' had 9.13 million total and 8.83 million online subscribers, both by significant margins the List of newspapers in the United States, highest numbers for any newspaper in the United States; the total also included 296,330 print subscribers, making the ''Times'' the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States, following ''The Wall Street Journal'', also based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' is published by the New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publ ...
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