Massachusetts Senate
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. All but one of the districts are named for the counties in which they are located (the "Cape and Islands" district covers Dukes, Nantucket, and parts of Barnstable counties). Senators serve two-year terms, without term limits. The Senate convenes in the Massachusetts State House in Boston, the state capital. Qualifications The following are the qualifications to be elected to the Massachusetts Senate: * Be 18 years of age * Be a registered voter in Massachusetts * Be an inhabitant of Massachusetts for five years * Be a resident of the district when elected * Receive at least 300 signatures on nomination papers Recent party control Democrats hold a supermajority in the Senate. Current leadership Current members and distri ...
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2023–2024 Massachusetts Legislature
The 193rd Massachusetts General Court is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the Government of Massachusetts, state government of Massachusetts, composed of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives. It first convened in Boston at the Massachusetts State House on January 4, 2023, on the last day of the Governor of Massachusetts, governorship of Charlie Baker and is scheduled to continue until January 7, 2025, during the first two years of Governor of Massachusetts, Governor Maura Healey's first term. Major events * January 4, 2023: General Court convened. Ron Mariano (D) was elected Speaker of the House and Karen Spilka, by unanimous consent, was elected President of the Massachusetts Senate. Members-elect of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives were sworn in, except for Kristin Kassner (D) and Margaret Scarsdale (D), whose vote count and election certification would be reviewed by a Special House ...
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Bicameral
Bicameralism is a type of legislature that is divided into two separate Deliberative assembly, assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate and vote as a single group. , roughly 40% of the world's national legislatures are bicameral, while unicameralism represents 60% nationally and much more at the subnational level. Often, the members of the two chambers are elected or selected by different methods, which vary from Jurisdiction (area), jurisdiction to jurisdiction. This can often lead to the two chambers having very different compositions of members. Enactment of a bill, Enactment of primary legislation often requires a concurrent majority—the approval of a majority of members in each of the chambers of the legislature. When this is the case, the legislature may be called an example of perfect bicameralism. However, in many parliamentary and semi-presidential systems, th ...
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List Of Massachusetts Senate Delegations
The Massachusetts Senate is the upper house of the Massachusetts General Court, the bicameral state legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Senate comprises 40 elected members from 40 single-member senatorial districts in the state. Descended from the colonial legislature, the current Massachusetts Senate was established in June 1780 upon the adoption of the Massachusetts Constitution. The first General Court met in October 1780 and consisted of one-year elected terms for both houses. This was expanded to two-year terms starting with the 142nd General Court in January 1921. The current delegation is the 191st General Court (2019–2020), consisting of 34 Democrats (D) and 6 Republicans (R). 171st to 175th General Courts (1979–1988) In 1977 the Massachusetts Senate districts were redrawn, taking effect with the 171st General Court. 176th to 178th General Courts (1989–1994) In 1987 the Massachusetts Senate districts were redrawn, taking effect with the 1 ...
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List Of Former Districts Of The Massachusetts Senate
The following is a list of former districts of the Massachusetts Senate in the United States. The legislative districts were created to apportion elected representation in the Massachusetts Senate based on voter United States Census, population. In recent decades, redistricting occurs every ten years. Former state senate districts * Massachusetts Senate's 1st Bristol district, 1st Bristol district * 1st Hampden district * 1st Hampden and Hampshire district * 1st Norfolk district * 1st Plymouth district * 1st Suffolk and Norfolk district * 1st Worcester and Middlesex district * Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Bristol district, 2nd Bristol district * 2nd Hampden district * 2nd Hampden and Hampshire district * 2nd Norfolk district * 2nd Plymouth district * 2nd Suffolk and Norfolk district * 2nd Worcester and Middlesex district * Massachusetts Senate's 3rd Bristol district, 3rd Bristol district * 3rd Essex and Middlesex district * 3rd Middlesex and Norfolk district * 3rd Norfolk district ...
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191st Massachusetts General Court (2019-2020)
191st may refer to: *191st (Southern Alberta) Battalion, CEF, a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War *191st Air Refueling Squadron, a unit of the Utah Air National Guard *191st Airlift Group, an airlift unit located at Selfridge ANGB, Michigan *191st Infantry Brigade (United States), formed as part of the United States Army Reserve's 96th Division *191st Ohio Infantry (or 191st OVI), an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War *191st Street (IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line), a station on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway See also *191 (number) *191, the year 191 (CXCI) of the Julian calendar *191 BC __NOTOC__ Year 191 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Nasica and Glabrio (or, less frequently, year 563 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 191 BC for this year has been u ...

190th Massachusetts General Court (2017-2018)
Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number) * One of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (1987 film), a 1987 science fiction film * ''19-Nineteen'', a 2009 South Korean film * ''Diciannove'', a 2024 Italian drama film informally referred to as "Nineteen" in some sources Science * Potassium, an alkali metal * 19 Fortuna, an asteroid Music * 19 (band), a Japanese pop music duo Albums * ''19'' (Adele album), 2008 * ''19'', a 2003 album by Alsou * ''19'', a 2006 album by Evan Yo * ''19'', a 2018 album by MHD * ''19'', one half of the double album ''63/19'' by Kool A.D. * ''Number Nineteen'', a 1971 album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron * ''XIX'' (EP), a 2019 EP by 1the9 Songs * "19" (song), a 1985 song by British musician Paul Hardcastle * "Stone in Focus", officially "#19", a composition by Aphex Twin * "Nineteen", a song from the 1992 album ''Refugee'' by Bad4Good * "Nineteen", a song from the 2001 alb ...
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189th Massachusetts General Court (2015-2016)
189th may refer to: *189th (Canadien-Français) Battalion, CEF, a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War *189th Airlift Squadron, a unit of the Idaho Air National Guard that flies the C-130 Hercules *189th Airlift Wing, an airlift unit located at Little Rock AFB, Arkansas *189th Infantry Brigade (United States) See also *189 (number) *189 Year 189 ( CLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silanus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 942 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 189 for th ...

Supermajority
A supermajority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of one-half used for a simple majority. Supermajority rules in a democracy can help to prevent a majority from eroding fundamental rights of a minority, but can also hamper efforts to respond to problems and encourage corrupt compromises at times when action is taken. Changes to constitutions, especially those with entrenched clauses, commonly require supermajority support in a legislature. In consensus democracy the supermajority rule is applied in most cases. __TOC__ History The first known use of a supermajority rule was in juries during the 100s BC in ancient Rome. In some cases, two thirds of jurors had to confirm they were ready to take a decision before the matter went to a simple majority vote. Pope Alexander III introduced the use of supermajority rule for papal elections at the Third Lateran Council in 1179. In the Democratic Party of the ...
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Term Limits In The United States
In the context of the politics of the United States, term limits restrict the number of terms of office an officeholder may serve. At the federal level, the president of the United States can serve a maximum of two four-year terms, with this being limited by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution that came into force on February 27, 1951. Some state government offices are also term-limited, including executive, legislative, and judicial offices. Analogous measures exist at the city and county level across the U.S., though many details involving local governments in that country vary depending on the specific location. Term limits are also referred to as rotation in office. That specific terminology is often associated with the Founding Father and later president Thomas Jefferson given his use of it in his political arguments. Historical background Constitution Term limits date back to the American Revolution and prior to that, to the democrac ...
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Barnstable County, Massachusetts
Barnstable County is a County (United States), county in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. At the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 228,996. The county seat is Barnstable, Massachusetts, Barnstable. The county consists of Cape Cod and associated islands (some adjacent islands are in Dukes County, Massachusetts, Dukes County and Nantucket County). Barnstable County was formed as part of the Plymouth Colony on June 2, 1685, including the towns of Falmouth, Massachusetts, Falmouth, Sandwich, Massachusetts, Sandwich, and others to the east and north on Cape Cod. Plymouth Colony was merged into the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1691. History Giovanni da Verrazzano Cape Cod is described in a letter from the Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano to Francis I of France, relating the details of a voyage to the New World made on behalf of the French crown in the ship Dauphine, the only surviving of a fleet of four. Sailing from Madeira in 1524, the Dauphine ...
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