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Martin Schott
Martin Schott (d. 22 November 1499) was a book printer from Strasbourg. One of the earliest printers in Strasbourg, his catalog reflected the tastes of the higher classes in Germany at the time of German humanism. Biography Schott hailed from a high-ranking family. He was the son of Friedrich Schott, a woodcutter and sculptor. His father's interest, and his marriage to a daughter of the printer Johannes Mentelin, may have led him to become a printer. He did not inherit his father in law's business, which went to another son in law of Mentelin's, Adolf Rusch. In contrast to Mentelin's company, Schott used a more modern (but sometimes less attractive) process. His first known printing was a plenarium, in 1481; his last was the version of Cicero's ''Philippicae'' by the early German humanist Jakob Wimpfeling, in 1498. It is sure, however, that he must have been printing works before 1480; given the paucity of the research into Strasbourg's history of printing, these chronological li ...
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Martin Schott Marque
Martin may refer to: Places * Martin City (other) Martin City may refer to the following places in the United States: * Martin City, Kansas City, neighborhood of Kansas City, Missouri * Martin City, Montana, census-designated place (CDP) in Flathead County, Montana See also * Martin (disambigu ... * Martin County (other) * Martin Township (other) Antarctica * Martin Peninsula, Marie Byrd Land * Port Martin, Adelie Land * Point Martin, South Orkney Islands Australia * Martin, Western Australia * Martin Place, Sydney Caribbean * Martin, Saint-Jean-du-Sud, Haiti, a village in the Sud Department of Haiti Europe * Martin, Croatia, a village in Slavonia, Croatia * Martin, Slovakia, a city * Martín del Río, Aragón, Spain * Martin (Val Poschiavo), Switzerland England * Martin, Hampshire * Martin, Kent * Martin, East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, hamlet and former parish in East Lindsey district * Martin, North Kesteven, village and parish in Lincolnshire in ...
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Summa
Summa and its diminutive summula (plural ''summae'' and ''summulae'', respectively) was a medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe. In its simplest sense, they might be considered texts that 'sum up' knowledge in a field, such as the compendiums of theology, philosophy and canon law. Their function during the Middle Ages was largely as manuals or handbooks of necessary knowledge used by individuals who would not advance their studies any further. Features It was a kind of encyclopedia that developed a matter about Law, Theology or Philosophy most of all. Matters were divided in a more detailed way as it was in the ''tractatus'' (treatise), since they were divided into ''quaestiones'' (questions) and these ones were also divided into ''articles''. The articles had the following structure: #Title of the article as a question and showing two different positions (''disputatio''). #Objections or arguments a ...
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1499 Deaths
Year 1499 ( MCDXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 8 – Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a law set by his predecessor, Charles VIII. * May 19 – 13-year-old Catherine of Aragon, the future first wife of Henry VIII of England, is married by proxy to her brother, 12-year-old Arthur, Prince of Wales. * July 22 – Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. * July 28 – First Battle of Lepanto: The Turkish navy wins a decisive victory over the Venetians. * August – Polydore Vergil completes ''De inventoribus rerum'', the first modern history of inventions. * August 24 – Lake Maracaibo is discovered, by Alonso de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci. * September 18 – Vasco da Gama arrives at Lisbon, returning from India, and is received by King Manuel of P ...
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Martin Luther
Martin Luther (; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, and professor, and Augustinian friar. He is the seminal figure of the Protestant Reformation and the namesake of Lutheranism. Luther was ordained to the priesthood in 1507. He came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; in particular, he disputed the view on indulgences. Luther proposed an academic discussion of the practice and efficacy of indulgences in his ''Ninety-five Theses'' of 1517. His refusal to renounce all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Holy Roman Emperor. Luther taught that salvation and, consequently, eternal life are not earned by good deeds but are received only as the free gift of God's grace through the believer's fait ...
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Johannes Schott
Johannes Schott (19 June 1477 – 1550) was a book printer from Strasbourg. He printed a large number of books, including tracts from Martin Luther and other Reformers. He was a well-educated man, who had relationships with some of the leading humanists of his time. His press also was one of the first to be able to print chiaroscuro woodcuts. Biography Schott's father, Martin Schott, established a printing business in Strasbourg around 1480; his mother was one of the children of printer Johannes Mentelin. Johannes attended university in Freiburg (in 1490, at age 13), in Heidelberg (1492), and in Basel (1497). This German humanist education affected his later printing career; he likely edited the ''Enchiridion poëticum'' that his press printed in 1514. Prefaces to his books indicate his scholarly education, and he seems to have had personal relationships on equal footing with the scholars of his time. The first known book printed by him dates from 1500 (his father died in 14 ...
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Printer's Mark
A printer's mark, device, emblem or insignia is a symbol that was used as a trademark by early printers starting in the 15th century. The first printer's mark is found in the 1457 Mainz Psalter by Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer. One of the most well-known old printer's marks is the dolphin and anchor, first used by the Venetian printer Aldus Manutius as his mark in 1502. The database Printers' Devices of the Ancient Book Section of the Library of the University of Barcelona, was launched in October 1998. The University of Florida libraries also provide digital access to printers' devices and include The University of Chicago devices that have appeared on the cover of their publication ''The Library Quarterly''. Printers' devices have been incorporated in American library buildings, as a reflection of the British Arts and Crafts Movement.Karen Nipps, "Printers' Devices as Decorative Elements in Library Architecture." ''The Library Quarterly'' 83 (July 2013): 271-278. See al ...
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Elucidarium
''Elucidarium'' (also ''Elucidarius'', so called because it "elucidates the obscurity of various things") is an encyclopedic work or ''summa'' about medieval Christian theology and folk belief, originally written in the late 11th century by Honorius Augustodunensis, influenced by Anselm of Canterbury and John Scotus Eriugena. It was probably complete by 1098, as the latest work by Anselm that finds mention is ''Cur deus homo''. This suggests that it is the earliest work by Honorius, written when he was a young man. It was intended as a handbook for the lower and less educated clergy. Valerie Flint (1975) associates its compilation with the 11th-century Reform of English monasticism. Overview The work is set in the form of a Socratic dialogue between a disciple and his teacher, divided in three books. The first discusses God, the creation of angels and their fall, the creation of man and his fall and need for redemption, and the earthly life of Christ. The second book discusses t ...
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Historia Destructionis Troiae
''Historia destructionis Troiae'' ("History of the destruction of Troy"), also called ''Historia Troiana'', is a Latin prose narrative written by Guido delle Colonne, a Sicilian author, in the early 13th century. Its main source was the Old French verse romance by Benoît de Sainte-Maure, '' Roman de Troie''. The author claims that the bulk of the work was written in 71 days, from September 15 to November 25 of an unspecified year, with the full text being completed some time in 1287. As a result of this hasty composition, the work is sloppy at points and prone toward anacoluthon.Griffin, ed., ppxi an In later centuries several translations of Guido's work appeared, in Catalan, Dutch, English, French, Polish, Czech, German and Italian: * ''Històries troianes'', translated to Catalan by Jaume Conesa, in 1367 * John Lydgate, '' Troy Book'', written in English around 1412-1420 * ''The gest hystoriale of the destruction of Troy ''The'' () is a grammatical article in ...
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Guido Delle Colonne
Guido delle Colonne (in Latin Guido de Columnis or de Columna) was a 13th-century Italian judge and writer, who lived in Messina. He is the author of a prose narrative of the Trojan War entitled '' Historia destructionis Troiae'' ("History of the destruction of Troy," 1287), that was based on ''De excidio Trojae historia'' written by Dares Phrygius and ''Ephemeridos belli Trojani'' written by Dictys Cretensis. Dante Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His '' Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: ... ('' De vulgari eloquentia'' 2.5) named Guido as a poet in the vernacular, and five poems by him in Italian survive. Further reading * Guido delle Colonne, ''Historia destructionis Troiae'', edited by Nathaniel Edward Griffin, Mediaeval Academy of America Publication 26, Cambridge, Mass.: Mediaeval Academy of America, ...
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Alexander The Great
Alexander III of Macedon ( grc, Ἀλέξανδρος, Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip II to the throne in 336 BC at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout Western Asia and Egypt. By the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. Until the age of 16, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle. In 335 BC, shortly after his assumption of kingship over Macedon, he campaigned in the Balkans and reasserted control over Thrace and Illyria before marching on the city of Thebes, which was subsequently destroyed in battle. Alexander then led the League of Corinth, and used his author ...
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Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
''Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie'' (ADB, german: Universal German Biography) is one of the most important and comprehensive biographical reference works in the German language. It was published by the Historical Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences between 1875 and 1912 in 56 volumes, printed in Leipzig by Duncker & Humblot. The ADB contains biographies of about 26,500 people who died before 1900 and lived in the German language Sprachraum of their time, including people from the Netherlands before 1648. Its successor, the ''Neue Deutsche Biographie'', was started in 1953 and is planned to be finished in 2023. The index and full-text articles of ADB and NDB are freely available online via the website ''German Biography'' (''Deutsche Biographie ''Deutsche Biographie'' ( en, German Biography) is a German-language online biographical dictionary. It published thus far information about more than 730,000 individuals and families (2016).Historische Kommission bei ...
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Lucidarius
The ''Lucidarius'', an anonymous medieval book, was the first German language summa, written circa 1190-1195. It was based on different sources, the chief one being the ''Elucidarium'' and other texts by Honorius Augustodunensis. Other sources include ''De philosophia mundi'' by William of Conches and ''De divinis officiis'' by Rupert of Deutz. It has been preserved in 66 partial or complete manuscripts, and 85 printings in German. It is claimed to be the first original German language work in prose. It was an introduction for laymen to the current religious beliefs and general knowledge, and was divided into three books; within the first book a description of the Creation and of the world in three parts, Asia, Africa and Europe. The second book focused on Christianity and liturgy, with the third and final book centered on the afterlife and the Last Judgment. The text has a prologue in verse, while the body is in prose, in the form of a dialogue between a student and his master. D ...
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