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Martha Neumark (1921)
Martha Neumark (1904–1981) was a notable early figure in the history of women's ordination as rabbis. Neumark was widely reported to be the first Jewish woman to be accepted into a rabbinical school. Biography Martha Neumark was the daughter of a professor at Hebrew Union College of Reform Judaism. In 1921, Neumark became the first female student at Hebrew Union College to declare her desire to become a rabbi. That year she requested a High Holiday pulpit for the next year, just as her male classmates would receive. The president of the college told its board of governors that it made sense that if she did preach and complete the required courses, she should be ordained; this touched off a debate on women's ordination, as no woman had ever been ordained as a rabbi. The faculty approved her preaching if the congregation in question did not object, but later forbid it as she failed one of her courses. However, the debate on women's ordination she had sparked continued. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martha Neumark (1920a)
Martha Neumark (1904–1981) was a notable early figure in the history of women rabbis, women's ordination as rabbis. Neumark was widely reported to be the first Jewish woman to be accepted into a rabbinical school. Biography Martha Neumark was the daughter of a professor at Hebrew Union College of Reform Judaism. In 1921, Neumark became the first female student at Hebrew Union College to declare her desire to become a rabbi. That year she requested a High Holiday pulpit for the next year, just as her male classmates would receive. The president of the college told its board of governors that it made sense that if she did preach and complete the required courses, she should be ordained; this touched off a debate on women's ordination, as no woman had ever been ordained as a rabbi. The faculty approved her preaching if the congregation in question did not object, but later forbid it as she failed one of her courses. However, the debate on women's ordination she had sparked cont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women Rabbis
Women rabbis are individual Jewish women who have studied Jewish Law and received rabbinical ordination. Women rabbis are prominent in Progressive Jewish denominations, however, the subject of women rabbis in Orthodox Judaism is more complex. Although Orthodox women have been ordained as rabbis, many major Orthodox Jewish communities and institutions do not accept the change. In an alternative approach, other Orthodox Jewish institutions train women as Torah scholars for various Jewish religious leadership roles. These roles typically involve training women as religious authorities in Jewish Law but without formal rabbinic ordination, instead, alternate titles are used. Yet, despite this alteration in title, these women are often perceived as equivalent to ordained rabbis.Auman, K. (2016). Feminism, Egalitarianism, Judaism: Where Are We Headed?. ''Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought'', ''49''(1), 43-48. Since the 1970s, over 1,200 Jewish women have been ordained as rabb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martha Neumark (1921)
Martha Neumark (1904–1981) was a notable early figure in the history of women's ordination as rabbis. Neumark was widely reported to be the first Jewish woman to be accepted into a rabbinical school. Biography Martha Neumark was the daughter of a professor at Hebrew Union College of Reform Judaism. In 1921, Neumark became the first female student at Hebrew Union College to declare her desire to become a rabbi. That year she requested a High Holiday pulpit for the next year, just as her male classmates would receive. The president of the college told its board of governors that it made sense that if she did preach and complete the required courses, she should be ordained; this touched off a debate on women's ordination, as no woman had ever been ordained as a rabbi. The faculty approved her preaching if the congregation in question did not object, but later forbid it as she failed one of her courses. However, the debate on women's ordination she had sparked continued. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hebrew Union College
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved throughout history as the main liturgical language of Judaism (since the Second Temple period) and Samaritanism. Hebrew is the only Canaanite language still spoken today, and serves as the only truly successful example of a dead language that has been revived. It is also one of only two Northwest Semitic languages still in use, with the other being Aramaic. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date back to the 10th century BCE. Nearly all of the Hebrew Bible is written in Biblical Hebrew, with much of its present form in the dialect that scholars believe flourished around the 6th century BCE, during the time of the Babylonian captivity. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as ''Lashon Hakodesh'' (, ) since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reform Judaism
Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority of its ethical aspects to its ceremonial ones, and belief in a continuous search for truth and knowledge, which is closely intertwined with human reason and not limited to the theophany at Mount Sinai. A highly liberal strand of Judaism, it is characterized by lessened stress on ritual and personal observance, regarding '' halakha'' (Jewish law) as non-binding and the individual Jew as autonomous, and great openness to external influences and progressive values. The origins of Reform Judaism lie in 19th-century Germany, where Rabbi Abraham Geiger and his associates formulated its early principles. Since the 1970s, the movement has adopted a policy of inclusiveness and acceptance, inviting as many as possible to partake in its communities rather than adhering to strict theoretical clarity. It is strongly identifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Holiday
The High Holidays also known as the High Holy Days, or Days of Awe in Judaism, more properly known as the Yamim Noraim ( he, יָמִים נוֹרָאִים, ''Yāmīm Nōrāʾīm''; "Days of Awe") #strictly, the holidays of Rosh HaShanah ("Jewish New Year") and Yom Kippur ("Day of Atonement"); #by extension, the period of ten days including those holidays, known also as the Ten Days of Repentance (''Aseret Yemei Teshuvah''); or, #by a further extension, the entire 40-day penitential period in the Jewish year from Rosh Chodesh Elul to Yom Kippur, traditionally taken to represent the forty days Moses spent on Mount Sinai before coming down with the second ("replacement") set of the Tablets of Stone. Etymology The term High Holy Days most probably derives from the popular English phrase, “high days and holydays”. The Hebrew equivalent, "''Yamim Noraim''" ( he, ימים נוראים), is neither Biblical nor Talmudic. Professor Ismar Elbogen, author of “Jewish Liturgy in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Conference Of American Rabbis
The Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), founded in 1889 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise, is the principal organization of Reform rabbis in the United States and Canada. The CCAR is the largest and oldest rabbinical organization in the world. Its current president is Lewis Kamrass. Rabbi Hara Person is the Chief Executive. Overview The CCAR primarily consists of rabbis educated at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, located in Cincinnati, Ohio, New York City, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem. The CCAR also offers membership to those who have graduated in Europe from the Leo Baeck College in London (United Kingdom) and the Abraham Geiger College at the University of Potsdam (Germany), and others who joined the Reform movement after being ordained. Most of the last group graduated from either the Conservative Jewish Theological Seminary or the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College. The CCAR issues responsa, resolutions, and platforms, but in keeping with the princi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helen Hadassah Levinthal
Helen Levinthal (1910–1989) was a significant figure in the early history of the acceptance of Jewish women in the rabbinate. Overview Helen Levinthal was the daughter of Israel H. Levinthal, an eminent New York rabbi, and had a significant Jewish education. In 1939 she became the first American woman to complete the entire course of study in a rabbinical school, which she did at the Jewish Institute of Religion in New York. Her thesis was on women's suffrage from the point of view of Jewish law. However, she only received a Master of Hebrew Letters (and a certificate recognizing her accomplishment) upon graduation, rather than a Master of Hebrew Letters and ordination as the men received, since the faculty felt it was not yet time for women's ordination as rabbis. In 1939, following Levinthal's formal graduation from the Jewish Institute of Religion, and after some internal debate among the faculty, Rabbi Dr. Stephen S. Wise presented Levinthal with two certificates. A sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Jewish Press Service
The Independent Jewish Press Service, (JPSA. M. Hurvitz, Wayne State University. Wayne State University Theses 1-1-2017. A Communal Bridge: The Detroit Jewish News, The Detroit Jewish Welfare Federation And The Detroit Jewish Community In 1942.') founded in 1935 was based in New York, (notably) active in the 1940s. It's reporting described as: "of tremendous historical importance." Such as 161 American press releases from before and after US involvement in World War II, containing detailed day-to-day reporting on the ongoing Holocaust atrocities and were distributed in the U.S. ''A November 17th 1941 article entitled, Polish Jews Advertise Own Execution. describes a gruesome scene in the Fort VII concentration camp. Having been forced to wear large posters on their backs with the following notice in German, shall be hung tomorrow at eleven o'clock three Jews were hanged in by the Nazis in Poznan for having stolen a piece of bread...'' From February 12, 1944: The Independent Jew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Neumark (rabbi)
David Neumark (1866–1924) was a German-American rabbi and professor of Jewish philosophy. He authored several notable works on Jewish philosophy and Jewish law, and served as a professor at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati, Ohio.''The American Israelite'' (Cincinnati, Ohio), 23 Jan 1913, Thu. Page 11. Biography Neumark was born in Shchyrets (Szczerzec), Galicia (present day Ukraine) and was married to Mrs Dora Turnheim Neumark (1878-1959). Their children were Salomea (Sally) Brainin, Martha Neumark Montor, and Immanuel K. Neumark. Neumark's daughter Martha (1904–1981) was a notable early figure in the history of women's ordination as rabbis. Neumark was widely reported to be the first Jewish woman to be accepted into a rabbinical school. Prior to his move to the United States, Neumark served as the rabbi in Rakovník and received his doctorate from the University of Berlin. In 1907, Hebrew Union College President Kaufmann Kohler appointed Neumark to the college fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regina Jonas
Regina Jonas (; German: ''Regine Jonas'';As documented by ''Landesarchiv Berlin; Berlin, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Geburtsregister; Laufendenummer 892'' which reads: "''In front of the signed registrar appeared today... Wolff Jonas... and... Sara Jonas née Hess... on the 3rd day of August in the year 1902... a girl was born and (that) the child was given the first name Regine''..."The full document can be found here. 3 August 1902 – 12 October/12 December 1944) was a Berlin-born Reform rabbi. In 1935, she became the first woman to be ordained as a rabbi. Jonas was murdered in the Holocaust. Early life Regina Jonas was born into a "strictly religious" household in the Berlin '' Scheunenviertel'', the second child of Wolf Jonas and Sara Hess. Wolf, who was probably Regina's first teacher, died when she was 13. Like many women at that time, she intended to make a career as a teacher. After graduating from the local '' Höhere Mädchenschule'', she became disillusioned w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ray Frank
Rachel ("Ray") Frank (April 10, 1861 in San Francisco – October 10, 1948) was a Jewish religious leader in the United States. Frank was an early figure in the acceptance of women rabbis and was reported as a prospective candidate for the first woman rabbi in the United States. Biography Frank was the daughter of Polish immigrants, Bernard and Leah Frank. As a young woman, Frank taught Bible studies and Jewish history at the First Hebrew Congregation of Oakland's Sabbath school, where she began to hone her skills as a public speaker and make a name for herself within the California Jewish community. Her students included Gertrude Stein, later to become a famous writer, and Judah Leon Magnes, who would become a prominent Reform rabbi.Rosenbaum (1987), p. 21. At the same time, Frank worked as a correspondent for several San Francisco and Oakland newspapers and was a frequent contributor to a number of national Jewish publications. In the fall of 1890, Frank was visiting Spokane, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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