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Markos Botsaris
Markos Botsaris (; 1790 – 21 August 1823) was a Souliot chieftain, general of the Greek revolutionary army and hero of the Greek War of Independence.Brigands with a Cause, Brigandage and Irredentism in Modern Greece 1821–1912, by John S. Koliopoulos, Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1987. p. 53. He played a key role in relieving the First Siege of Missolonghi in 1822–1823 and was awarded the title of General of Western Greece by the revolutionary Greek government. He was killed during the Battle of Karpenisi and was buried in Missolonghi with full honors. Botsaris is among the most revered national heroes in Greece. Family and early life (1790–1820) Markos was born in 1790 in Souli, the fifth child of Kitsos Botsaris from his first marriage with Chrysoula, one of the daughters of Papazotos Yotis, the priest of Variades, a village of Lakka (Tsarkovista). The Souliotes spoke Albanian originally, but during the eighteenth century they learnt to also use Greek via comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian Language
Albanian (Endonym and exonym, endonym: , , or ) is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanoid, Albanoid branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan languages, Paleo-Balkan group. It is the native language of the Albanian people. Standard Albanian is the official language of Albania and Kosovo, and a co-official language in North Macedonia and Montenegro, where it is the primary language of significant Albanian minority communities. Albanian is recognized as a minority language in Italy, Croatia, Romania, and Serbia. It is also spoken in Greece and by the Albanian diaspora, which is generally concentrated in the Americas, Europe and Oceania. Albanian is estimated to have as many as 7.5 million native speakers. Albanian and other Paleo-Balkan languages had their formative core in the Balkans after the Indo-European migrations in the region. Albanian in antiquity is often thought to have been an Illyrian language for ob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Peta
The Battle of Peta or Battle of Petta was fought between the Greeks (with Philhellenes) led by Alexandros Mavrokordatos with Markos Botsaris and the Ottomans led by Omer Vrioni on 16 July 1822 (4 July Julian calendar). The conflict occurred on a hillside near the village of Peta in Epirus.Emden, Christian and Midgley, David R. ''Papers from the Conference 'The Fragile Tradition' (Volume 2)''. Cambridge, 2002, , p. 108. "The battle of Peta, one of the few actual field battles between the Greeks and the Turks in the War of Independence, was fought in 1822 on a hillside near the Epirote village of Peta and resulted in the large-scale and traumatic defeat of the Philhellenes' Battalion." Background After the Souliotes defeated the forces of Khourshid Pasha in May and June 1822, they joined Prince Alexander Mavrocordatos who landed at Missolonghi with a contingent of Greek regulars. At the same time, however, Khourshid Pasha surrendered command of the Ottoman forces in Epirus to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian Tribes
The Albanian tribes () form a historical mode of social organization (''farefisní'') in Albania and the southwestern Balkans characterized by a common culture, often common patrilineal kinship ties and shared social ties. The ''fis'' ( sq-definite, fisi; commonly translated as "tribe", also as "clan" or "kin" community) stands at the center of Albanian organization based on kinship relations, a concept that can be found among southern Albanians also with the term ''farë'' ( sq-definite, fara). Inherited from ancient Illyrian social structures, Albanian tribal society emerged in the early Middle Ages as the dominant form of social organization among Albanians. The development of feudalism came to both antagonize it, and slowly integrate aspects of it in Albanian feudal society, as most noble families themselves came from these tribes and depended on their support. This process stopped after the Ottoman conquest of Albania and the Balkans in the late 15th century and was follow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lakka Souliou
Lakka Souliou () is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Dodoni, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 158.578 km2. Its population was 1,897 according to the census of 2021. Lakka Souliou is a historical site in the wider area of Souli. History Ancient times Lakka Souliou has been inhabited since the Neolithic period, as it is testified by the fossils which were found in the region, like axes made of granite and flint, coppery and iron weapons, vessels of clay as well. There are traces of Pelasgic walls in many places of the region, like in Achladea, Bestia, Sistrouni, Alepochori and Paleochori Botsari. In addition to these, there are several acropoleis, ancient boxy tombs and coins of the ancient Epirotes found throughout Lakka Souliou. It is supposed that the plains of the region were covered by sea about 500 million years ago. Homer mention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Heroes
National Heroes (Serbo-Croatian: ''Народни хероји'', ''Narodni heroji'') or also known as Arrive of the Commander (Serbo-Croatian: ''Долазак команданта'', ''Dolazak komandanta'') or March of the National Heroes, written by Ferdo Pomykalo in 1944, is the ceremonial march used in many countries on the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia wr. March has a role in formal ceremonies role and it was widely used during period of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia when it was played after the national anthem on receptions of the Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito and guests in Yugoslavia. Beside ceremonial use, this march was also sometimes played in concerts as for example by Šibenik and Trogir people's orchestra on May 5, 1957 and by Police Band of the Ministry of Interior of Republika Srpska on November 21, 2018. Controversy Author of the march is uncertain, as is the origin of the march. The possible origin of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Souliot
The Souliotes were an Greek Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christian Albanian tribes, Albanian tribal community in the area of Souli in Epirus from the 16th century to the beginning of the 19th century, who via their participation in the Greek War of Independence came to identify with the Greece, Greek nation. They originated from Albanians, Albanian clans that settled in the highlands of Thesprotia in the Late Middle Ages and established an autonomous confederation dominating a large number of neighbouring villages in the Pindus, mountainous areas of Epirus, where they successfully resisted Ottoman rule for many years. At the height of its power, in the second half of the 18th century, the Souliote confederacy is estimated to have consisted of up to 4,500 inhabitants. After the revolution, they migrated to and settled in newly independent Greece, and assimilated into the Greeks, Greek people. The Souliotes were followers of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. They spoke the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Language
Greek (, ; , ) is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic languages, Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the list of languages by first written accounts, longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with the epics of Homer, ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting importance in the European canon. Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tousias Botsaris
Tousias Botsaris (1792–1827), was a Souliot commander and fighter of the Greek War of Independence. He was the cousin of Markos Botsaris and the grandson of Giorgis Botsaris. He took part in many battles and enjoyed the admiration of Philhellenes. Life Tousias was born in Souli in 1792, two months after the death of his father whom he was named after. He distinguished himself in all cases of involvement of the Souliotes. Later in his life, he became deputy leader of the corps of Souliots commanded by his cousin Markos Botsaris. He fought with him both in the defense of Souli and in Western Greece as well as at the Battle of Karpenisi. He was the leader of the Legislative Corps in Nafplio.Nikolaos Spiliadis, ''Απομνημονεύματα'', Εκ του Τυπογραφείου Χ. Ν. Φιλαδελφέως, Αθήνησιν, 1851, vol. 3 (Γ’), p. 87. He also took part in the siege of Messolonghi where he excelled in the battles fought there. Later he followed Georgios Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kostas Botsaris
Kostas (Kitsos) Botsaris (, 1792–1853), also known as Constantine Botzaris, was a Greek general and senator. He was also a captain and a hero of the War of Greek Independence. He fought at the Battle of Karpenisi and completed the victory of his brother, the renowned Markos Botsaris. Early life Kosta Botsaris was born in 1792 near Paramythia. Greek War of Independence In 1803 Kostas Botsaris and the remnants of the Souliotes crossed over to the Ionian Islands, where they ultimately took service in the French-raised Albanian Regiment. In 1814, he joined the Greek patriotic society known as the ''Filiki Eteria''. In 1820, he fought to the end on Ali Pasha's side against the Ottoman army. On the night of 21 August 1823 Kostas, under the leadership of his brother Markos participated in the celebrated attack on Karpenisi by 350 Souliotes, against around 1000 Ottoman troops who formed the vanguard of the army with which Mustai Pasha was advancing to reinforce the besiegers. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notis Botsaris
Notis Botsaris (, 1756 – March 26, 1841) was a Souliote fighter and general in the Greek Revolution of 1821. He was the son of the late Giorgis Botsaris and was the leader of the Souliote ''fara'' of the Botsari. Life Notis Botsaris was born in Souli in 1756. He was a member of the Botsaris (; ) clan of the Souliotes. His clan emerged as the strongest clan in Souli and the one which Ali Pasha, the ruler of the Pashalik of Yanina where Souli was located, recognized as its lawful representative. He was a son of George Botsaris and as such brother of Kitsos Botsaris and uncle of the latter's son, Markos. After the death of his brother Kitsos, he took over the leadership of the Botsari clan. During skirmishes with Ottomans in Agrafa he was wounded and captured, but after six months he managed to escape from the fortress of Këlcyrë where he was imprisoned. After the mediation of Ibrahim Pasha of Berati, a relative of Ali Pasha, he accepted to enter the service of Ali, on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitsos Botsaris
Kitsos Botsaris (; ); 1741 in Missolonghi – 1813, in Arta), was a leader of the Souliotes, an autonomous community in Ottoman-ruled Epirus. He played a leading role in the aftermath of the last war between the Souliotes and the Ottoman ruler of Ioannina, Ali Pasha. He was the father of Kostas Botsaris and Markos Botsaris, who fought in the Greek War of Independence. At the war against Ali Pasha K. Botsaris was a prominent figure of the ''Botsaris'' -Boçari (or ''Botzaraioi'') Souliotic clan, who originated from Dragani, now Ampelia village, south of Paramythia, in Epirus. He was the son of George Botsaris (Gjergj Boçari) and the brother of Notis Botsaris. He was the head of the Souliotes during the wars against Ali Pasha at the end of 18th century. In 1792 Ali Pasha planned a second expedition against Souli. He tried to deceive and arrest the Souli warriors, pretending that he is going to attack Gjirokastër and he needs their assistance. Ali sent a letter to K. Botsari writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Katerina Botsari
Katerina "Rosa" Botsari (; 1818/20–1872) was a Greek courtier. She was member of the Souliot Botsaris family. The daughter of Markos Botsaris, she was in the service of Queen Amalia of Greece as well as an admired young woman throughout the European courts; she was immortalised for the ' Gallery of Beauties' of Ludwig I of Bavaria in an 1841 painting by Joseph Stieler. A Damask rose species bred in 1856 was named ''Rosa Botsaris'' after her. In 1845 she married prince and general George Caradja. Biography Born in 1818 or in 1820 in Ioannina, she was the daughter of the chieftain and hero of the Greek revolution, Markos Botsaris. When the Greek Revolution broke out, Ekaterini was in Ioannina. She and other women were captured by the authorities and transferred to a distant land of the Ottoman Empire, within the European territory. During her time in captivity she was put under the protection of upper class Ottoman women. In fact, it seems that one of them tried to adopt her. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
