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Markku Kivinen
Markku Jalmari Kivinen (born June 5, 1951 in Helsinki, Finland) is a professor of sociology and the director of the Aleksanteri Institute of the University of Helsinki, Finland, since 1996. Kivinen's academic expertise is social theory, Russian domestic and foreign policy, transition studies in comparative perspective, social inequality, power and democracy, cultural structures and macro processes. He has more than 300 publications on key sociological topics. He is director of the Finnish Graduate School for Russian and East European Studies, as well as many research projects funded by the Academy of Finland, EU and NordForsk. Since 2012 Kivinen is leading one of the Academy of Finland's Centres of Excellence (CoE) in Research, "Choices of Russian Modernisation". Markku Kivinen is series editor of ''Studies of Contemporary Russia'' (Routledge). Kivinen has also published novels in Finnish: ''Betonijumalia'' in 2009, translated into German (''Betongötter''), and ''Lähetin loppupe ...
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Helsinki
Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of cities and towns in Finland, city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipality, with  million in the Helsinki capital region, capital region and  million in the Helsinki metropolitan area, metropolitan area. As the most populous List of urban areas in Finland by population, urban area in Finland, it is the country's most significant centre for politics, education, finance, culture, and research. Helsinki is north of Tallinn, Estonia, east of Stockholm, Sweden, and west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Helsinki has significant History of Helsinki, historical connections with these three cities. Together with the cities of Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen—and surrounding commuter towns, including the neighbouring municipality of Sipoo to the east—Helsinki forms a Helsinki metropolitan area, metropolitan are ...
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Research Project
Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error. These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion of past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, and the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economi ...
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Living People
Purpose: Because living persons may suffer personal harm from inappropriate information, we should watch their articles carefully. By adding an article to this category, it marks them with a notice about sources whenever someone tries to edit them, to remind them of WP:BLP (biographies of living persons) policy that these articles must maintain a neutral point of view, maintain factual accuracy, and be properly sourced. Recent changes to these articles are listed on Special:RecentChangesLinked/Living people. Organization: This category should not be sub-categorized. Entries are generally sorted by family name In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several give .... Maintenance: Individuals of advanced age (over 90), for whom there has been no new documentation in the last ten ...
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Finnish Sociologists
Finnish may refer to: * Something or someone from, or related to Finland * Culture of Finland * Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland * Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people * Finnish cuisine See also * Finish (other) * Finland (other) * Suomi (other) Suomi means ''Finland'' in Finnish. Suomi may also refer to: *Finnish language Finnish (endonym: or ) is a Finnic languages, Finnic language of the Uralic languages, Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finla ... * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ...
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Liisa Rantalaiho
Liisa Rantalaiho (born 25 January 1933) is a Finnish sociologist, fandom activist, and professor emerita in the fields of sociology of health and gender studies. She writes and performs filk songs. Early life and education Liisa Rantalaiho was born on 25 January 1933 in Kuorevesi. She defended her Ph.D. thesis in social science in 1968. Research and career Rantalaiho served as professor of sociology at the University of Lapland in 1988–1989, and in public health science at the University of Tampere in 1990–1998. A pioneer of women's studies in Finland, she has mainly focused on women's research, gender equality, and changes in working life. Together with Raija Julkunen, she led a research project on the Finnish welfare society and gender roles, which was funded by the Academy of Finland. Rantalaiho, alone or with others, has published a large number of articles in women's research, work life issues, and occupational psychology. She has also edited the research report ''Hyvin ...
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Elina Haavio-Mannila
Elina Haavio-Mannila (born 3 August 1933) is a Finnish social scientist and Professor ''Emerita'' of Sociology at the University of Helsinki where she served as the Docent of Sociology (1965–1971), Assistant Professor (1971–1992), and Professor (1992–1998). She is known for researching gender roles and gender in Finnish life. Much of the research in the latter field was done together with Osmo Kontula. In 1958, she became the first woman in Finland to earn the Doctor in Social Sciences degree. Early years and education Elina Haavio was born in Helsinki on 3 August 1933. Her parents were Martti Haavio and Elsa Enäjärvi-Haavio. Career Haavio-Mannila became attracted to sociology during her studies after reading an English-language elementary textbook on the subject. In her 1958 dissertation, ''Kylätappelut – Sosiologinen tutkimus Suomen kylätappeluinstituutiosta'' ("Village Village - Sociological Research of the Finnish Village Bomb Institute"), Haavio-Mannila wrote abo ...
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated population of over 449million as of 2024. The EU is often described as a ''sui generis'' political entity combining characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.5% of the world population in 2023, EU member states generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around €17.935 trillion in 2024, accounting for approximately one sixth of global economic output. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Union law, legal framework and legislation that applies in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where the states ...
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Academy Of Finland
The Research Council of Finland (, ) is a governmental funding body for scientific research in Finland. Until August 2023, its official English-language name was Academy of Finland. It is based in Helsinki. Yearly, the council administers over 260 million euros to Finnish research activities. Over 5000 researchers are working on projects supported by the council. The Academy of Finland should not be confused with The Finnish Academy of Science and Letters (''Suomalainen tiedeakatemia'') and the Finnish Society of Science and Letters (''Finska Vetenskaps-Societeten'') which are the two Finnish learned societies for scientists and scholars. For engineers, there are two language-based honorary academies, the Finnish Academy of Technology (''Teknillisten Tieteiden Akatemia'') and the Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in Finland (''Svenska tekniska veteskapsakademien i Finland''). The Finnish title of Academician (''akateemikko / akademiker'') is an award given by the Pr ...
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Social Inequality
Social inequality occurs when resources within a society are distributed unevenly, often as a result of inequitable allocation practices that create distinct unequal patterns based on socially defined categories of people. Differences in accessing social goods within society are influenced by factors like power, religion, kinship, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, intelligence and class. Social inequality usually implies the lack of equality of outcome, but may alternatively be conceptualized as a lack of equality in access to opportunity. Social inequality is linked to economic inequality, usually described as the basis of the unequal distribution of income or wealth. Although the disciplines of economics and sociology generally use different theoretical approaches to examine and explain economic inequality, both fields are actively involved in researching this inequality. However, social and natural resources other than purely economic resource ...
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Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland has a population of 5.6 million. Its capital and largest city is Helsinki. The majority of the population are Finns, ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish language, Finnish and Swedish language, Swedish; 84.1 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue and 5.1 percent the latter. Finland's climate varies from humid continental climate, humid continental in the south to boreal climate, boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with List of lakes of Finland, more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland was first settled around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period, last Ice Age. During the Stone Age, various cultures emerged, distinguished by differen ...
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Social Theory
Social theories are analytical frameworks, or paradigms, that are used to study and interpret social phenomena.Seidman, S., 2016. Contested knowledge: Social theory today. John Wiley & Sons. A tool used by social scientists, social theories relate to historical debates over the validity and reliability of different methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), the primacy of either structure or agency, as well as the relationship between contingency and necessity. Social theory in an informal nature, or authorship based outside of academic social and political science, may be referred to as " social criticism" or " social commentary", or " cultural criticism" and may be associated both with formal cultural and literary scholarship, as well as other non-academic or journalistic forms of writing. Definitions Social theory by definition is used to make distinctions and generalizations among different types of societies, and to analyze modernity as it has emerged in ...
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Aleksanteri Institute
The Aleksanteri Institute () is the Finnish Centre for Russian, Eastern European and Eurasian Studies in the Faculty of Arts of the University of Helsinki. It functions as a national centre of research, study and expertise pertaining to Russia, Eastern Europe and Eurasia, particularly in the social sciences and humanities. The Institute actively promotes cooperation and interaction between the academic world, public administration, business life and civil society, both in Finland and abroad. The Aleksanteri Institute was founded in 1996 and currently employs more than 50 scholars and administrative staff. The director of the institute is Professor Markku Kangaspuro. Centre of Excellence in Russian Studies The Aleksanteri Institute coordinated the Finnish Centre of Excellence in Russian Studies – Choices of Russian Modernisation for the period 2012–2017. The multi-disciplinary CoE was led by Markku Kivinen and it was funded by the Academy of Finland. Research Research at the A ...
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