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Marine Stinger
Box jellyfish (class Cubozoa) are cnidarian invertebrates distinguished by their box-like (i.e., cube-shaped) body. Some species of box jellyfish produce potent venom delivered by contact with their tentacles. Stings from some species, including ''Chironex fleckeri'', ''Carukia barnesi'', '' Malo kingi'', and a few others, are extremely painful and often fatal to humans. Taxonomy and systematics Historically, cubozoans were classified as an order of Scyphozoa until 1973, when they were put in their own class due to their unique biological cycle (lack of strobilation) and morphology. At least 51 species of box jellyfish were known as of 2018. These are grouped into two orders and eight families. A few new species have since been described, and it is likely that additional undescribed species remain. Cubozoa represents the smallest cnidarian class with approximately 50 species. Class Cubzoa * Order Carybdeida ** Family Alatinidae ** Family Carukiidae ** Family Carybdeidae ** Fam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chironex
''Chironex'' is a genus of box jellyfish in the family Chirodropidae. Their stings are highly venomous, and have caused human fatalities. Based on present knowledge, the genus is restricted to the central Indo-Pacific, ranging from southern Japan to northern Australia.Fenner, P. J. (2000). Chironex fleckeri – the north Australian box-jellyfish.' marine-medic.com Species The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species: *''Chironex fleckeri'' Southcott, 1956 *'' Chironex indrasaksajiae'' Sucharitakul, 2017 *''Chironex yamaguchii ''Chironex yamaguchii'', commonly known as ハブクラゲ (transliterated as habu-kurage, literally meaning "Viper Jellyfish" in Japanese) and as "hub jellyfish" due to erroneous machine translations, is a species of box jellyfish found in coas ...'' Lewis & Bentlage, 2009 References Chirodropidae Medusozoa genera {{Cubozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alatinidae
Alatinidae is a family of box jellyfish within class Cubozoa, containing the following genera and species: * '' Alatina'' ** ''Alatina alata'' (Reunaud, 1830) ** '' Alatina grandis'' (Agassiz & Mayer, 1902) ** '' Alatina madraspatana'' (Menon, 1930) ** '' Alatina mordens'' Gershwin, 2005 ynonym of ''A. moseri''ref name=Gershwin2005a> ** '' Alatina moseri'' (Mayer, 1906) ** ''Alatina obeliscus'' (Haeckel, 1880) ** ''Alatina philippina'' (Haeckel, 1880) ** '' Alatina pyramis'' (Haeckel, 1880) ** '' Alatina rainensis'' Gershwin, 2005 ** '' Alatina tetraptera'' (Haeckel, 1880) ** '' Alatina turricola'' (Haeckel, 1880) * ''Manokia'' ** '' Manokia stiasnyi'' (Bigelow, 1938) * ''Keesingia'' ** ''Keesingia gigas ''Keesingia gigas'', the "giant" (Greek ''gigas'') ''Keesingia'', is one of two new species of Irukandji jellyfish, the only one of the genus ''Keesingia'' in the Alatinidae, Alatinid family. Found off the north-west coast of Western Australia, ...'' (Gershwin, 2014) Refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common List of feeding behaviours, feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the Host (biology), host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from Scavenger, scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with Herbivore, herbivory, as Seed predation, seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predation behavior varies significantly depending on the organism. Many predators, especially carnivores, have evolved distinct hunting strategy, hunting strategies. Pursuit predation involves the active search for and pursuit of prey, whilst ambush predation, ambush predators instead wait for prey to present an opportunity for capture, and often use stealth or aggressive mimicry. Other predators are opportunism, opportunistic or om ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematocyst
A cnidocyte (also known as a cnidoblast) is a type of cell containing a large secretory organelle called a ''cnidocyst'', that can deliver a sting to other organisms as a way to capture prey and defend against predators. A cnidocyte explosively ejects the toxin-containing cnidocyst which is responsible for the stings delivered by a cnidarian. The presence of this cell defines the phylum Cnidaria, which also includes the corals, sea anemones, hydrae, and jellyfish. Cnidocytes are single-use cells that need to be continuously replaced. Structure and function Each cnidocyte contains an organelle called a cnidocyst, which consists of a bulb-shaped capsule and a hollow, coiled tubule that is contained within. Immature cnidocytes are referred to as cnidoblasts or nematoblasts. The externally oriented side of the cell has a hair-like trigger called a cnidocil, a mechano-chemical receptor. When the trigger is activated, the tubule shaft of the cnidocyst is ejected and, in the case ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonad
A gonad, sex gland, or reproductive gland is a Heterocrine gland, mixed gland and sex organ that produces the gametes and sex hormones of an organism. Female reproductive cells are egg cells, and male reproductive cells are sperm. The male gonad, the testicle, produces sperm in the form of Spermatozoon, spermatozoa. The female gonad, the ovary, produces egg cells. Both of these gametes are haploid cells. Some hermaphroditic animals (and some humanssee Ovotesticular syndrome) have a type of gonad called an ovotestis. Evolution It is hard to find a common origin for gonads, but gonads most likely evolved independently several times. Regulation The gonads are controlled by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), produced and secreted by gonadotropic cell, gonadotropes or gonadotrophins in the anterior pituitary gland. This secretion is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced in the hypothalamus. Development The gonads develop f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrovascular Cavity
The gastrovascular cavity is the primary organ of digestion and circulation in two major animal phyla: the Coelenterates or cnidarians (including jellyfish and corals) and Platyhelminthes (flatworms). The cavity may be extensively branched into a system of canals. In cnidarians, the gastrovascular system is also known as the coelenteron, and is commonly known as a "blind gut" or "blind sac", since food enters and waste exits through the same orifice. The radially symmetrical cnidarians have a sac-like body in two distinct layers, the epidermis and gastrodermis, with a jellylike layer called the mesoglea between. Extracellular digestion takes place within the central cavity of the sac-like body. This cavity has only one opening to the outside which, in most cnidarians, is surrounded by tentacle In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tentacle
In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work mainly like muscular hydrostats. Most forms of tentacles are used for grasping and feeding. Many are sensory organs, variously receptive to touch, vision, or to the smell or taste of particular foods or threats. Examples of such tentacles are the eyestalks of various kinds of snails. Some kinds of tentacles have both sensory and manipulatory functions. A tentacle is similar to a cirrus, but a cirrus is an organ that usually lacks the tentacle's strength, size, flexibility, or sensitivity. A nautilus has cirri, but a squid has tentacles. Invertebrates Molluscs Many molluscs have tentacles of one form or another. The most familiar are those of the pulmonate land snails, which usually have two sets of tentacles on the head: when ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haeckel Cubomedusae
Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel (; ; 16 February 1834 – 9 August 1919) was a German zoologist, naturalist, eugenicist, philosopher, physician, professor, marine biologist and artist. He discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms and coined many terms in biology, including ''ecology'', ''phylum'', ''phylogeny'', ontogeny, and ''Protista.'' Haeckel promoted and popularised Charles Darwin's work in Germany and developed the debunked but influential recapitulation theory ("ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"), wrongly claiming that an individual organism's biological development, or ontogeny, parallels and summarizes its species' evolutionary development, or phylogeny, using incorrectly drawn images of human embryonic development. Whether they were intentionally falsified, or drawn poorly by accident is a matter of debate. The published artwork of Haeckel includes over 100 detailed, multi-colour illustrations o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiropsellidae
Chiropsellidae is a family of venomous box jellyfish within the class Cubozoa. Genera * '' Chiropsella'' Gershwin, 2006 :* '' Chiropsella bart'' Gershwin & Alderslade, 2007 :* '' Chiropsella bronzie'' Gershwin, 2006 :* '' Chiropsella rudloei'' Bentlage, 2013 :* ''Chiropsella saxoni ''Chiropsella'' is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Chiropsellidae. The species of this genus are found in Australia. Species: *''Chiropsella bart'' *''Chiropsella bronzie'' *''Chiropsella rudloei'' *''Chiropsella saxoni'' Re ...'' Gershwin & Ekins, 2015 * '' Meteorona'' Toshino, Miyake & Shibata, 2015 :* '' Meteorona kishinouyei'' Toshino, Miyake & Shibata, 2015 References Chirodropida Cnidarian families {{Cubozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiropsalmidae
Chiropsalmidae is a family of venomous box jellyfish within the class Cubozoa. Genera * '' Chiropsalmus'' Agassiz, 1862 :*'' Chiropsalmus alipes'' Gershwin, 2006 :*''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus ''Chiropsalmus quadrumanus'', commonly known as the four-handed box jellyfish, is a species of box jellyfish found in the western Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. The sting is venomous and dangerous to humans, especially ...'' (F. Muller, 1859) * '' Chiropsoides'' Southcott, 1956 :* '' Chiropsoides buitendijki'' (van der Horst, 1907) References Chirodropida Cnidarian families {{Cubozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chirodropidae
Chirodropidae is a family of Venom (poison), venomous box jellyfish within the class Cubozoa. Like other members of the order Chirodropida, they have branched pedalia (muscular bases at the corners of their cubic umbrella), in contrast to the unbranched pedalia of box jellyfish in the order Carybdeida. Each branch houses its own individual tentacle. Nematocyst composition and type can vary among individuals within this family based on body size and life stage. Like other box jellyfish, chirodropids can be found in coastal and shallow marine areas, but they have also been found to occur at benthic depths. Habitat and Distribution Chirodropida have been reported from a range of tropical, sub-tropical, and mild temperatures localities in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean commonly found in Japan and Australia close to the coasts which affect the local fishermen, divers, and bathers. The Chirodropida jellyfish family have being seen on the deep coastal reefs.This type of jellyfish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tripedaliidae
Tripedaliidae is a family of box jellyfish within class Cubozoa. Species * ''Copula'' Bentlage, Cartwright, Yanagihara, Lewis, Richards & Collins, 2010 ** ''Copula sivickisi ''Copula'' is a monotypic genus of box jellyfish in the family Tripedaliidae of the phylum Cnidaria. The only species in the genus is ''Copula sivickisi'', a very small gelatinous, bell-shaped jellyfish with four tentacles that is active only a ...'' (Stiasny, 1926) * '' Tripedalia'' Conant, 1897 ** '' Tripedalia binata'' Moore, 1988 ** '' Tripedalia cystophora'' Conant, 1897 ** '' Tripedalia maipoensis'' References Carybdeida Cnidarian families {{Cubozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
