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Marguerite Wapler
Marguerite Wapler or Marguerite Reclus (1859–1927), was a French anarchist activist. The daughter of a sub-prefect and wealthy industrialist, Wapler became involved in anarchist militancy. During the ''Ère des attentats'' (1892–1894), she supported the National Assembly bombing by funding Auguste Vaillant to help him prepare and carry out his attack. She faced accusations and was raided during the repression of January and February 1894, but Vaillant, in his final statements, absolved her of any involvement in the plot. Biography Catherine Marguerite Wapler was born on 14 July 1859, in Alexandria, Egypt. Her father, Alphonse Wapler (1831–1890), was a wealthy industrialist from Alsace, former mayor of Vassy, and sub-prefect of the town from 1880 until his death. On 17 October 1885, Wapler married anarchist activist Paul Reclus, of the Reclus family, at the town hall of the 5th arrondissement of Paris. During the ''Ère des attentats'' (1892–1894), she was one of two pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hierarchy, hierarchy, primarily targeting the state (polity), state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with Stateless society, stateless societies and voluntary Free association (communism and anarchism), free associations. A historically left-wing movement, anarchism is usually described as the libertarian wing of the socialist movement (libertarian socialism). Although traces of anarchist ideas are found all throughout history, modern anarchism emerged from the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment. During the latter half of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, the anarchist movement flourished in most parts of the world and had a significant role in Labour movement, workers' struggles for emancipation. #Schools of thought, Various anarchist schools of thought formed during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illegalism
Illegalism is a tendency of anarchism that developed primarily in France, Italy, Belgium and Switzerland during the late 1890s and early 1900s as an outgrowth of individualist anarchism. Illegalists embrace criminality either openly or secretly as a lifestyle. Illegalism does not specify the type of crime, though it is associated with theft and shoplifting. Some anarchists, like Clément Duval and Marius Jacob, justified theft with theories of individual reclamation () and propaganda of the deed and saw their crime as an educational and organizational tool to facilitate a broader resistance movement. Others, such as Jules Bonnot and the Bonnot Gang, saw their actions in terms of egoist anarchism and referred to the philosophy of Max Stirner. Influenced by theorist Max Stirner's egoism, some illegalists in France broke from anarchists. They argued that their actions required no moral basis and illegal acts were taken not in the name of a higher ideal, but in pursuit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propaganda Of The Deed
Propaganda of the deed, or propaganda by the deed, is a type of direct action intended to influence public opinion. The action itself is meant to serve as an example for others to follow, acting as a catalyst for social revolution. It is primarily associated with acts of violence perpetrated by proponents of insurrectionary anarchism in History of anarchism, the late 19th and early 20th century, including bombings and assassinations aimed at Statism, the state, the ruling class in a spirit of anti-capitalism, and church arsons targeting religious groups, even though propaganda of the deed also had nonviolent resistance, non-violent applications. These acts of terrorism were intended to ignite a "spirit of revolt" by demonstrating the state, the middle and upper classes, and religious organizations were not omnipotent as well as to provoke the State to become escalatingly repressive in its response. The 1881 London Social Revolutionary Congress gave the tactic its approval. Theore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Anarchists
Anarchism in France can trace its roots to thinker Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who grew up during the Restoration and was the first self-described anarchist. French anarchists fought in the Spanish Civil War as volunteers in the International Brigades. According to journalist Brian Doherty, "The number of people who subscribed to the anarchist movement's many publications was in the tens of thousands in France alone." History The origins of the modern anarchist movement lie in the events of the French Revolution, which the historian Thomas Carlyle characterized as the "open violent Rebellion, and Victory, of disimprisoned Anarchy against corrupt worn-out Authority". Immediately following the storming of the Bastille, the communes of France began to organize themselves into systems of local self-government, maintaining their independence from the State and organizing unity between communes through federalist principles. Direct democracy was implemented in the local districts of eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1927 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first Director-General. * January 7 ** The first transatlantic telephone call is made ''via radio'' from New York City, United States, to London, United Kingdom. ** The Harlem Globetrotters exhibition basketball team play their first ever road game in Hinckley, Illinois. * January 9 – The Laurier Palace Theatre fire at a movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children. * January 10 – Fritz Lang's futuristic film ''Metropolis (1927 film), Metropolis'' is released in Germany. * January 11 – Louis B. Mayer, head of film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), announces the creation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, at a banquet in Los Angeles, California. * January 24 – U.S. Marines United States occ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1859 Births
Events January–March * January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * January 24 ( O. S.) – Under the rule of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia are united under the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Empire. It would be a principal step in forming the modern state of Romania. * January 28 – The city of Olympia is incorporated in the Washington Territory of the United States of America. * February 2 – Miguel Miramón (1832–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * February 4 – German scholar Constantin von Tischendorf rediscovers the '' Codex Sinaiticus'', a 4th-century uncial manuscript of the Greek Bible, in Saint Catherine's Monastery on the foot of Mount Sinai, in the Khedivate of Egypt and arranges for its presentation to his patron, Tsar Alexander II of Russia at Saint Petersburg. * February 14 – Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state. * February 12 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Reclus (anarchist)
Jacques Reclus (1894–1984) was a French journalist, teacher, translator, and anarchist. As a part of the Reclus family, he was the son of Paul Reclus and Marguerite Wapler, the grandson of Élie Reclus, and the great-nephew of Élisée Reclus - each of whom were noted French anarchists. Reclus spent his childhood in Scotland then Belgium, becoming a journalist in Paris' anarchist community in the early 1920s. He moved to China in 1927, helping to found a university inspired by the work of Peter Kropotkin. He taught French in China until 1952. In China, he married Huang Shuyi, with whom he fathered a child. He left China after the rise of the Chinese Communist Party and the persecution of foreigners, returning to France. Reclus' work as a Chinese-French translator helped to introduce classical Chinese literature to Francophone circles. His death in 1984 was heralded by the newspaper ''Libération'' as the "end of the Recluses", referencing the Reclus family's anarchist tradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pauline Kergomard
Pauline Kergomard (24 April 1838 – 13 February 1925) was a French educator. She is known as the founder of the nursery school in France. Early years Pauline Reclus was born in Bordeaux in 1838. Her father was Jean Reclus, inspector of schools of the Gironde. Her uncle, Jacques Reclus, taught at the Protestant college of Sainte-Foy-la-Grande. She spent her infancy with her aunt Zéline in Orthez. On returning to Bordeaux she was a student at a secular institution that became the École normale of Gironde. She became a public school teacher in the Gironde. She married Jules Duplessis-Kergomard, a penniless man of letters with little interest in working. Career In 1879 Pauline Kergomard was appointed general delegate for inspection of asylums, with the support of Ferdinand Buisson. She was named to the post by Jules Ferry. She was inspector-general of kindergartens from 1881 until 1917. She was extremely active, attending conferences, dealing with regional and national ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5th Arrondissement Of Paris
The 5th arrondissement of Paris (''Ve arrondissement'') is one of the 20 Arrondissements of Paris, arrondissements of Paris, the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is referred to as ''le cinquième''. The arrondissement, also known as Panthéon, is situated on the Rive Gauche of the Seine, River Seine. It is one of the capital's central arrondissements. The arrondissement is notable for being the location of the Latin Quarter, Paris, Latin Quarter, a district dominated by universities, colleges, and prestigious high schools since the 12th century when the University of Paris was created. It is also home to the National Museum of Natural History, France, National Museum of Natural History and Jardin des plantes in its eastern part. The 5th arrondissement is also one of the oldest districts of the city, dating back to Ancient history, ancient times. Traces of the area's past survive in such sites as the Arènes de Lutèce, a Ancient Rome, Roman amphithea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ère Des Attentats
The (), or the French anarchist campaign of attacks from 1892 to 1894, was a period in the history of France and the broader Propaganda of the deed, history of propaganda of the deed (1880–1914), marked by a significant wave of political violence—both from the French authorities and Anarchism, anarchist terrorists. Its chronological boundaries extend from the Saint-Germain bombing (11 March 1892) to the Revolt of Saint-Joseph, massacre of the anarchist convicts (22 October 1894). During this period, the French press largely shaped political discourse and public opinion, presenting these acts as interconnected events forming a progressive logic rather than isolated incidents. In response to the significant repression anarchists had suffered in France since the Paris Commune (1871), a number of them came to consider terrorism as a legitimate means of avenging this repression, targeting symbols of power, state institutions, and emblematic places of bourgeois life. During the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reclus Family
image: The Reclus brothers, by Nadar, 1889.jpg, The Reclus brothers in 1889. From left to right: Paul, Élisée, Élie, Onésime, and Armand The Reclus family includes the children and extended family of pastor Jacques Reclus (1796–1882) and teacher Zéline Reclus (1805–1887). The Reclus family's notoriety is primarily the result of Jacques and Zéline's five sons: Élie Reclus, Élie, Élisée Reclus, Élisée, Paul Reclus (surgeon), Paul, Armand Reclus, Armand, and Onésime Reclus, Onésime. The family became known for their distinctive careers in geography, anarchism, journalism, medicine, and other fields during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Reclus family originated in Le Fleix, a village 5km from Sainte-Foy-la-Grande. The family included landowners, coopers, and educated persons. The family was part of France's Protestant minority. Jacques Reclus Jacques Reclus was the son of Jeanne Virolle (1767-1819) and Jean Reclus (1760-1848). Jacques was a pastor in Montcaret and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
