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Marghi
Margi, also known as Marghi and Marghi Central, is a Chadic language (a Language family, branch of Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic) spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad. It is perhaps the best described of the Biu–Mandara branch of that family. Marghi South language and Putai language, Putai are closely related and sometimes considered dialects of Margi. There are several kinds of Marghi language, including Madube, Izge, Lassa, Gulak, Damboa, Mulgwai, Uba and Sukur. Every kind of these languages were spoken different type of the language and were from different places. Phonology Vowels According to Maddieson (1987), Margi is noted for having a vertical vowel system, with only two Phonemic contrast, phonemic vowels, and , in native vocabulary. Loan words also distinguish and . Consonants Margi has a large consonant inventory, with a number of labialised consonants and Linguistic typology, typologically infrequent speech sounds such as a labiodental flap. Hoffmann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borno State
Borno is a States of Nigeria, state in the North East (Nigeria), North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It is bordered by Yobe State, Yobe to the west, Gombe State, Gombe to the southwest, and Adamawa State, Adamawa to the south while its eastern border forms part of the national Cameroon-Nigeria border, border with Cameroon. Its northern border forms part of the national Niger–Nigeria border, border with Niger and its northeastern border forms all of the national Chad–Nigeria border, border with Chad. It is the only Nigerian state to border up to three countries. It takes its name from the historic Borno Emirate, emirate of Borno, with the emirate's old capital of Maiduguri serving as the capital city of Borno State. The state was formed in 1976 when the former North-Eastern State was broken up. It originally included the area that is now Yobe State, which became a distinct state in 1991. Borno is the List of Nigerian states by area, second largest in area of the States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margi People
The Marghi people (Margi) are an ethnic group in Nigeria, primarily residing in the states of Adamawa (Madagali, Mubi, Hong and Gombi) and Borno (Askira Uba, Damboa and Konduga). They have a population estimated at 360,000 and communicate using the Marghi language. Despite having their own language, the Marghi people are usually bilingual, sometimes even trilingual. In Borno, they speak Kanuri, while in Adamawa, they speak Fulfulde, both of which are dominant languages in their respective states. Origin The Marghi people are believed to have migrated from the Mandara mountains and other highlands in northern Cameroon. Their migration was characterized by sporadic movements, as they immigrated in groups or clans (''fal'' in Marghi). Many settled within the Bornu empire, while others migrated southwards into the Adamawa region. As a result of their settlement in diverse areas, the Marghi people were exposed to various cultural influences from neighboring ethnic groups, such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biu–Mandara Languages
The Biu–Mandara or Central Chadic languages of the Afro-Asiatic languages, Afro-Asiatic family are spoken in Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon. A reconstruction of Proto-Central Chadic has been proposed by Gravina (2014). Languages Gravina (2014) Gravina (2014) classifies Central Chadic as follows, as part of a reconstruction of the proto-language. Letters and numbers in parentheses correspond to branches in previous classifications. The greatest changes are breaking up and reassigning the languages of the old Mafa branch (A.5) and Mandage (Kotoko) branch (B.1). *Central Chadic **South ***South ****Bata (A.8) *****Bata Proper: Bacama language, Bacama, Bata language, Bata, Fali of Mubi, Fali, Gude language, Gude, Gudu language, Gudu, Holma language, Holma (†), Jimi language (Cameroon), Jimi, Ngwaba language, Ngwaba (from A.1 Tera), Nzanyi language, Nzanyi, Sharwa language, Sharwa *****Tsuvan: Tsuvan language, Tsuvan, Zizilivakan language, Zizilivakan ****Daba (A.7) *****Daba Proper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Putai Language
Putai also known as ''Marghi West'' is a nearly extinct Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northeastern Nigeria Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, .... The language is dying out and being replaced by Kanuri. See also * Marghi Central * Marghi South Notes Biu-Mandara languages Languages of Nigeria Endangered Afroasiatic languages {{Nigeria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adamawa State
Adamawa is a States of Nigeria, state in the North East (Nigeria), North-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered by Borno State, Borno to the northwest, Gombe State, Gombe to the west, and Taraba State, Taraba to the southwest while its eastern border forms part of the national Cameroon-Nigeria border, border with Cameroon. It takes its name from the historic Adamawa Emirate, emirate of Adamawa, with the emirate's old capital of Yola, Adamawa, Yola serving as the capital city of Adamawa State. The state was formed in 1991 when the former Gongola State was broken up into Adamawa and Taraba State, Taraba states. The state is one of the most heterogeneous in Nigeria, having over 100 indigenous ethnic groups. Of the States of Nigeria, 36 states, Adamawa is the List of Nigerian states by area, eighth largest in the area, but the List of Nigerian states by population, thirteenth least populous with an estimated population of about 4.25 million as of 2016. Geographically, the state ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marghi South Language
Marghi South is a Chadic language The Chadic languages form a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken in parts of the Sahel. They include 196 languages spoken across northern Nigeria, southern Niger, southern Chad, and northern Cameroon. By far the most widely ... of Nigeria. It is perhaps closer to Huba than it is to Margi. References Biu-Mandara languages Languages of Nigeria {{Nigeria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yobe State
Yobe is a States of Nigeria, state located in northeastern Nigeria. A mainly agricultural state, it was created on 27 August 1991. Yobe State was carved out of Borno State. The capital of Yobe State is Damaturu, and its largest city by population is Potiskum, while the largest by land area is Fune. The Potiskum local government area is a place of farmers and marketers; the largest cattle market in Africa is located in Potiskum. Geography The state borders four states: Bauchi (city), Bauchi, Borno State, Borno, Gombe State, Gombe, and Jigawa State, Jigawa. Yobe State shares borders with Borno State to the east for about 421 km, Gombe State to the south for 140 km (in the vicinity of Gongola River), Bauchi State for 188 km (117 miles) and Jigawa State for 193 km (120 miles) to the west and Niger, the Republic of Niger to the north for about 352 km. It Niger-Nigeria border, borders to the north the Diffa Region, Diffa and Zinder Regions of Niger. Because th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Click Consonant
Click consonants, or clicks, are speech sounds that occur as consonants in many languages of Southern Africa and in three languages of East Africa. Examples familiar to English-speakers are the '' tut-tut'' (British spelling) or '' tsk! tsk!'' (American spelling) used to express disapproval or pity (IPA ), the '' tchick!'' used to spur on a horse (IPA ), and the '' clip-clop!'' sound children make with their tongue to imitate a horse trotting (IPA ). However, these paralinguistic sounds in English are not full click consonants, as they only involve the front of the tongue, without the release of the back of the tongue that is required for clicks to combine with vowels and form syllables. Anatomically, clicks are obstruents articulated with two closures (points of contact) in the mouth, one forward and one at the back. The enclosed pocket of air is rarefied by a sucking action of the tongue (in technical terminology, clicks have a lingual ingressive airstream mechanism). Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labiodental Flap
In phonetics, the voiced labiodental flap is a speech sound found primarily in languages of Central Africa, such as Kera and Mangbetu. It has also been reported in the Austronesian language Sika. It is one of the few non- rhotic flaps. The sound begins with the lower lip placed behind the upper teeth. The lower lip is then flipped outward, striking the upper teeth in passing. Symbol The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , which resembles Cyrillic izhitsa, , but is composed of a V and the hook of the flap . In 2005, the International Phonetic Association, responding to Kenneth Olson's request for its adoption, voted to include a symbol for this sound, and selected a ''v with a right hook'', that is, a combination of + . As of version 5.1.0, the Unicode character set encodes this character at U+2C71 (ⱱ). In earlier literature, it is often transcribed by a ''v'' modified by the extra-short diacritic, , following a 1989 recommendation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Back Vowel
A back vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a back vowel is that the highest point of the tongue is positioned relatively back in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Back vowels are sometimes also called dark vowels because they are perceived as sounding darker than the front vowels. Near-back vowels are essentially a type of back vowels; no language is known to contrast back and near-back vowels based on backness alone. The category "back vowel" comprises both raised vowels and retracted vowels. Articulation In their articulation, back vowels do not form a single category, but may be either raised vowels such as or retracted vowels such as .Scott Moisik, Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins, & John H. Esling (2012"The Epilaryngeal Articulator: A New Conceptual Tool for Understanding Lingual-Laryngeal Contrasts"/ref> Partial list The back vowels that have dedicated symbols in the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labialised
Labialization is a secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages. Labialized sounds involve the lips while the remainder of the oral cavity produces another sound. The term is normally restricted to consonants. When vowels involve the lips, they are called rounded. The most common labialized consonants are labialized velars. Most other labialized sounds also have simultaneous velarization, and the process may then be more precisely called labio-velarization. The "labialization" of bilabial consonants often refers to protrusion instead of a secondary articulatory feature velarization. ʷdoesn't mean ˠalthough refers to a labial–velar approximant. In phonology, labialization may also refer to a type of assimilation process. Occurrence Labialization is the most widespread secondary articulation in the world's languages. It is phonemically contrastive in Northwest Caucasian (e.g. Adyghe), Athabaskan, and Salishan language families, among others. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phonemic Contrast
Phonemic contrast refers to a minimal phonetic difference, that is, small differences in speech sounds, that makes a difference in how the sound is perceived by listeners, and can therefore lead to different mental lexical entries for words. For example, whether a sound is voiced or unvoiced (consider /b/ and /p/ in English) matters for how a sound is perceived in many languages, such that changing this phonetic feature can yield a different word (consider ''bat'' and ''pat'' in English); see Phoneme. Another example in English of a phonemic contrast would be the difference between ''leak'' and ''league;'' the minimal difference of voicing between and does lead to the two utterances being perceived as different words. On the other hand, an example that is not a phonemic contrast in English is the difference between and . In this case the minimal difference of vowel length is not a contrast in English and so those two forms would be perceived as different pronunciations of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
