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Marcelino Massana
Marcel·lí Massana Bancells (1918–1981) was an anarchist guerrilla among the most famed ''maquis'' in Catalonia. Early life and career Marcel·lí Massana Bancells was born in Berga in 1918. Massana participated in the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo and was a Republican lieutenant during the Spanish Civil War. Jailed between 1939 and 1942, Massana fled to France, but returned to Catalonia as an anarchist guerrilla ''maquis'' in 1944, in which he was a famed figure and known as "Poncho". He and '' Caracremada'' carried out kidnappings, attacks, and expropriations in Berguedà and Solsonès Solsonès () is a comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of historic county of Urgell Modern-day Urgell (), also known as ''Baix Urgell'' (''baix'' meaning "lower", by contrast with Alt Urgell "Higher Urgell"), is a ''comarca'' (c .... He quit his career as a ''maquis'' in 1951 and returned to France. Massana died in the country's Foix region in 1981. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berga
Berga () is the capital of the ''comarca'' (county) of Berguedà, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is bordered by the municipalities of Cercs, Olvan, Avià, Capolat and Castellar del Riu. History Berga derives its name from the ''Bergistani,'' an Iberian tribe which lived in the area before the Roman conquest. The Bergistani were first subdued by Hannibal in 218 BC. They rebelled twice against the Romans and were twice defeated; after their second uprising, much of the tribe was sold into slavery. Livy mentions their principal town, ', which was probably the precursor of the present-day town of Berga. Berga was ruled by viscounts in the Early Middle Ages and had its own counts from 988. Berga was sold to king Peter II of Aragon in 1199. In May 2012, the town council passed a motion declaring King Juan Carlos 'persona non grata' following a series of scandals involving the royal family, most notably the king's recent elephant hunting trip to Afric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Of Foix
The County of Foix (french: Comté de Foix, ; oc, Comtat de Fois) was an independent medieval fief in southern France, and later a province of France, whose territory corresponded roughly the eastern part of the modern '' département'' of Ariège (the western part of Ariège being Couserans). During the Middle Ages, the county of Foix was ruled by the counts of Foix, whose castle overlooks the town of Foix. In 1290 the counts of Foix acquired the viscountcy Béarn, which became the center of their domain, and from that time on the counts of Foix rarely resided in the county of Foix, preferring the richer and more verdant Béarn. The county of Foix was an independent fief of the kingdom of France and consisted of an agglomeration of small holdings ruled by lords, who, though subordinate to the counts of Foix, had some voice in the government of the county. The provincial estates of the county, a legislative body that can be traced back to the 14th century, consisted of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Maquis
The Maquis were Spanish guerrillas who waged an irregular warfare against the Francoist Spain, Francoist dictatorship within Spain following the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republican defeat in the Spanish Civil War until the early 1960s, carrying out sabotage, robberies (to help fund guerrilla activity) and assassinations of Francoists as well as contributing to the fight against Nazi Germany and the Vichy France, Vichy regime in France during World War II.Marco, Jorge: ''Guerrilleros and Neighbours in Arms: Identities and Cultures of the Anti-fascist Resistance in Spain''. Brighton, Sussex Academic Press, 2016 They also took part in occupations of the List of diplomatic missions of Spain, Spanish embassy in France. The Maquis activity in Spain had its heyday towards 1946, after which the resistance fighters were heavily repressed during the (1947–1949), with instances of white terror such as summary execution, ''paseo''s, and applications of the ley de fugas (e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederación Nacional Del Trabajo
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo ( en, National Confederation of Labor; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions, which was long affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT). When working with the latter group it was also known as CNT-AIT. Historically, the CNT has also been affiliated with the Federación Anarquista Ibérica ( en, Iberian Anarchist Federation); thus, it has also been referred to as the CNT-FAI. Throughout its history, it has played a major role in the Spanish labor movement. Founded in 1910 in Barcelona from groups brought together by the trade union ''Solidaridad Obrera'', it significantly expanded the role of anarchism in Spain, which can be traced to the creation of the Spanish chapter of the IWA in 1870 and its successor organization, the Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region. Despite several decades when the organization was illegal in Spain, today the CNT continues to participate in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlism, Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link=no) or The Uprising ( es, La Sublevación, link=no) among Republicans. was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front (Spain), Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, and consisted of various socialist, communist, separatist, anarchist, and Republicanism in Spain, republican parties, some of which had opposed the government in the pre-war period. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangism, Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and Traditionalism (Spain), traditionalists led by a National Defense Junta, military junt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caracremada
Ramon Vila Capdevila (; 2 April 1908 – 7 August 1963), sometimes known by various nicknames, including ''Caracremada'' (Catalan: "burnt-face"), was a Catalan anarchist, member of the ''Confederación Nacional del Trabajo'' (Spanish: National Confederation of Labor), and guerrilla fighter. Early life Vila was born in 1908 in a small village called Peguera in the ''comarca'' (roughly translated as "county") of Berguedà, Catalonia. When he was very young, Vila was nearly struck by lightning, which gave him the facial scars which earned him the nickname ''Caraquemada''. The lightning strike killed his mother, who was hiding with him from a storm. In 1932, after participating in a workers' insurrection, Vila was imprisoned in Manresa and held for a few years. In the period between his release and the start of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, Vila moved around constantly for fear of harassment by the "Special Branch". In April 1936, while Vila was in Castelló de la Plana, he was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berguedà
Berguedà () is an inland comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain, lying partly in the Pyrenees and Pre-Pyrenees, and partly in the Catalan Central Depression. Geography The northern half of Berguedà, known as Alt Berguedà (“Upper Berguedà”), consists of the upper Llobregat Valley and the mountainous areas surrounding it. Its northern border is a veritable mountain barrier: Berguedà is separated from Cerdanya by a chain of 2,000-meter peaks. These include the mountain ranges of Cadí, Moixeró, Puig d' Alp and Puigllançada. In this area the population is centered mainly in the Llobregat Valley and the valleys of the rivers Bagà, Bastareny and Saldes. To the east are the mountain ranges of Catllaràs and Rasos de Tubau, to the west the high ranges of Pedraforca, Verd, Ensija and Rasos de Peguera. The more populous Baix Berguedà ("Lower Berguedà") is the southern part of the ''comarca''. It lies along the foothills of the Pyrenees, transitioning into the plains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solsonès
Solsonès () is a comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of historic county of Urgell Modern-day Urgell (), also known as ''Baix Urgell'' (''baix'' meaning "lower", by contrast with Alt Urgell "Higher Urgell"), is a ''comarca'' (county) in Catalonia, Spain, forming only a borderland portion of the region historically known as Ur .... Over 60% of its people live in the capital, Solsona. Municipalities References External links Official websiteOfficial tourism website {{DEFAULTSORT:Solsones Comarques of the Province of Lleida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
The ''Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana'' (in English: the ''Great Catalan Encyclopedia'') is a Catalan-language encyclopedia, started in fascicles, and published in 1968 by . The soul of the work was written by Max Cahner, and the first director was Jordi Carbonell. From the second volume the work had its own publisher: Enciclopedia Catalana SA with Jordi Pujol, and the new director was . Overview The encyclopedia collects alphabetical entries about different subjects: history, geography, cultural studies, etc. It includes worldwide views as well as, when appropriate, Catalan viewpoints and information (meaning that the work is very thorough and often written with first hand information). It also contains a dictionary of common vocabulary, which was reviewed in the first edition of the work by . GEC had a fixed team that wrote the content, and furthermore a broad set of partners, among which were the most prominent experts in each subject, which was involved in the preparation of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 Births
This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January – 1918 flu pandemic: The "Spanish flu" (influenza) is first observed in Haskell County, Kansas. * January 4 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Soviet Russia, Sweden, Germany and France. * January 9 – Battle of Bear Valley: U.S. troops engage Yaqui Native American warriors in a minor skirmish in Arizona, and one of the last battles of the American Indian Wars between the United States and Native Americans. * January 15 ** The keel of is laid in Britain, the first purpose-designed aircraft carrier to be laid down. ** The Red Army (The Workers and Peasants Red Army) is formed in the Russian SFSR and Soviet Union. * January 18 - The Historic Concert for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major offensive, gaining control of most of Morazán and Chalatenango departments. * January 15 – Pope John Paul II receives a delegation led by Polish Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa at the Vatican. * January 20 – Iran releases the 52 Americans held for 444 days, minutes after Ronald Reagan is sworn in as the 40th President of the United States, ending the Iran hostage crisis. * January 21 – The first DeLorean automobile, a stainless steel sports car with gull-wing doors, rolls off the production line in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland. * January 24 – An earthquake of magnitude in Sichuan, China, kills 150 people. Japan suffers a less serious earthquake on the same day. * January 25 – In South Africa the largest part of the town Laingsburg is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Anarchists
Anarchism in Spain has historically gained some support and influence, especially before Francisco Franco's victory in the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939, when it played an active political role and is considered the end of the golden age of classical anarchism. There were several variants of anarchism in Spain, namely expropriative anarchism in the period leading up to the conflict, the peasant anarchism in the countryside of Andalusia; urban anarcho-syndicalism in Catalonia, particularly its capital Barcelona; and what is sometimes called "pure" anarchism in other cities such as Zaragoza. However, these were complementary trajectories and had many ideological similarities. Early on, the success of the anarchist movement was sporadic. Anarchists would organize a Strike action, strike and ranks would swell. Usually, repression by police reduced the numbers again, but at the same time further Radicalization, radicalized many strikers. This cycle helped lead to an era of mutual vi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
