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Marapi
The Marapi ( Jawi: ماراڤي), or Mount Marapi (, , Jawi: ڬونوواڠ ماراڤي), is a complex volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia, and is the most active volcano in Sumatra. Like that of its quasi-homonym on Java, its name means "Mountain of Fire". Its elevation is . Several cities and towns are situated around the mountain including Bukittinggi, Padang Panjang, and Batusangkar. The volcano is also popular among hikers. Mythology According to legend, the mountain is the site first settled by the Minangkabau people after their ship landed on the mountain when it was the size of an egg and surrounded by water. There are large numbers of upright burial stones in the region which are oriented in the direction of the mountain, indicating its cultural significance. Eruptions The volcano has a known history of eruptions. Marapi underwent a significant eruption in September 1830. In January 1975 an eruption occurred with mudflows and lahars that caused fatalities in the surro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Eruption Of Mount Marapi
On 30 April 1979, Mount Marapi, a complex volcano on the Indonesian island of Sumatra and the most active complex volcano in West Sumatra province, erupted, killing between 80 and 100 people. Due to its proximity to populated areas, the volcano is recognised as a significant hazard. Events The 1979 eruption followed earthquakes and torrential rain. Due to either the rain or a gas explosion in the interior of the volcano, tons of rock broke out of the crater wall and rolled down the volcano's slopes. Mountain streams became blocked, causing floods that swept away roads, bridges, seven villages and hundreds of houses. Rice fields were buried under mud, uprooted trees and pieces of stone. In the village of , 20 bodies were found and 40 houses were destroyed by mud and boulders. Rescue work was hampered by extensive damage to roads, buildings and rice fields. It was the second volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1979, after the 1979 eruption of Sinila crater of the Dieng Volcanic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Volcanoes In Indonesia
The geography of Indonesia is dominated by volcanoes that are formed due to subduction zones between the Eurasian plate and the Australian plate, Indo-Australian plate. Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions, for instance, Krakatoa for its global effects in 1883, the Lake Toba Caldera for its supervolcano, supervolcanic eruption estimated to have occurred 74,000 Before Present, years before present which was responsible for six years of volcanic winter, and Mount Tambora for the most violent eruption in recorded history in 1815. Volcanoes in Indonesia are part of the Alpide belt, alpida belt and Pacific Ring of Fire. The 150 entries in the list below are grouped into six geographical regions, four of which belong to the volcanoes of the Sunda Arc trench system. The remaining two groups are volcanoes of Halmahera, including its surrounding volcanic islands, and volcanoes of Sulawesi and the Sangihe Islands. The latter group is in one volcanic arc together with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2024 West Sumatra Floods
Beginning on 11 May 2024, heavy rain caused flash floods and lahars in West Sumatra, Indonesia, killing at least 67 people and leaving 20 more missing. More than 4,000 people were also displaced. The regencies of Agam and Tanah Datar were most affected. Events Hours of heavy monsoon rains caused flash flooding at around 22:30 WIB (15:30 UTC) on 11 May, exacerbated by a lahar from Mount Marapi. The rains also caused a river to overflow and flood villages in four districts. The lahar swept down Mount Marapi, carrying a wet mixture of ash and rocks. It buried homes and swept some residents away. Damage and casualties At least 67 people died, 44 were injured and 20 remained missing. Among the dead included 22 in Agam Regency (19 of them in Canduang), 29 in Tanah Datar, 12 in Padang Pariaman, two in Padang Panjang and two in Padang. At least 521 houses, 31,985 hectares of land including rice fields, 19 bridges and most major roads were damaged in three districts and one town. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padang Panjang
Padang Panjang (sometimes written as Padangpanjang, and spelt as Padang Pandjang in the Dutch East Indies era, , Jawi: ), is a city located at in the highlands of West Sumatra, around 80 Km inland from the provincial capital Padang. It sits on a plateau beneath the volcanoes Mount Marapi and Mount Singgalang, thus creating cooler temperatures. It was a popular tourist destination during Dutch rule in Indonesia, and it later became one of the centres of Islamic education in Sumatra. Home to a famous performing arts conservatorium, Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang' (Indonesian Art Institute Padang Panjang). The town stretches up the hill from the marketplace and central mosque to the soccer field and bus terminal up to ISI. The main road through Padang Panjang links coastal Padang and the highland capital, Bukittinggi. The city is also home to the Minangkabau Cultural Documentation and Information Center ( Indonesian: ''Pusat Dokumentasi dan Informasi Kebudayaan Minangka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Sumatra
West Sumatra () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is on the west coast of the island of Sumatra and includes the Mentawai Islands off that coast. West Sumatra borders the Indian Ocean to the west, as well as the provinces of North Sumatra to the north, Riau to the northeast, Jambi to the southeast, and Bengkulu to the south. The province has an area of , or about the same size as Switzerland, with a population of 5,534,472 at the 2020 Indonesian census, 2020 census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The official estimate at mid 2023 was 5,757,210 (comprising 2,900,270 males and 2,856,940 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Sumatera Barat Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.13) The province is List of regencies and cities in West Sumatra, subdivided into twelve Regency (Indonesia), regencies and seven City status in Indonesia#Kota, cities. It has relatively more cities than other provinces outside Java, although several o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barisan Mountains
The Bukit Barisan or the Barisan Mountains are a mountain range on the western side of Sumatra, Indonesia, covering nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from the north to the south of the island. The Bukit Barisan range consists primarily of volcanoes shrouded in dense jungle cover, including Sumatran tropical pine forests on the higher slopes. The highest peak of the range is Mount Kerinci at 3,800 metres (12,467 ft). The Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is situated towards the southern end of the range in Liwa, Indonesia. The name Bukit Barisan actually means "row of hills" or "hills that make a row" in Malay, for the range stretches end to end along the island of Sumatra. There are 35 active volcanoes in Bukit Barisan. The largest is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 miles) × 30 km (19 miles) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present). The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minangkabau People
Minangkabau people (; ; ) are an Austronesian people, Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of West Sumatra, Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837). Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands. Etymology There are several possible etymologies for the term Minangkabau (Minangkabau language, Minangkabau: ''Minang'' Jawi script: منڠ). While the word "kabau" undisputedly translates to "buffalo", the word "minang" is traditionally known as the ''pinang'' fruit (areca nut) chewed with ''sirih'' (betel) leaves. But there is also a folklore that mention that term ''Minangkabau'' came f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complex Volcano
A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock. They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in the location of the principal vent area on a particular volcano. Stratovolcanoes can also form a large caldera that gets filled in by a lava dome, or else multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may develop on the caldera's rim. Although a comparatively unusual type of volcano, they are widespread in the world and in geologic history. Metamorphosed ash flow tuffs are widespread in the Precambrian rocks of northern New Mexico, which indicates that caldera complexes have been important for much of Earth's history. Yellowstone National Park is on three partly covered caldera complexes. The Long Valley Caldera in eastern California is also a complex volcano; the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado are formed on a group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi (, ) is an active stratovolcano located on the border between the province of Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It is located approximately north of Yogyakarta city which has a population of 2.4 million. Thousands of people live on the flanks of the volcano, with villages as high as above sea level. Smoke can often be seen rising from the mountaintop, and several eruptions have caused fatalities. A pyroclastic flow from a large explosion killed 27 people on 22 November 1994, mostly in the town of Muntilan, west of the volcano. Another large eruption occurred in 2006, shortly before the Yogyakarta earthquake. In light of the hazards that Merapi poses to populated areas, it was designated as one of the Decade Volcanoes, which are considered worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to densely popul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukittinggi
Bukittinggi (, Jawi script, Jawi: , formerly ) is the third largest city in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of 111,312 in 2010Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 121,028 in 2020.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. An official estimate as of mid 2023 lists a population of 124,047, consisting of 61,949 males and 62,098 females.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Bukittinggi Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1375) The city covers an area of 25.24 km2. It is located in the Minangkabau Highlands, 90 km by road from the West Sumatran capital city of Padang, Indonesia, Padang. The city is completely surrounded by the Agam Regency (Bukittinggi was its regency seat until 1998), making it an enclave and exclave, enclave within the regency, and it is located at , near the volcanoes Mount Singgalang (inactive) and Mount Marapi (still active). At 930 m above sea level, the city has a cool climate with temperatures between 16.1° to 24.9&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complex Volcano
A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock. They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in the location of the principal vent area on a particular volcano. Stratovolcanoes can also form a large caldera that gets filled in by a lava dome, or else multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may develop on the caldera's rim. Although a comparatively unusual type of volcano, they are widespread in the world and in geologic history. Metamorphosed ash flow tuffs are widespread in the Precambrian rocks of northern New Mexico, which indicates that caldera complexes have been important for much of Earth's history. Yellowstone National Park is on three partly covered caldera complexes. The Long Valley Caldera in eastern California is also a complex volcano; the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado are formed on a group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
