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Mar-biti-apla-usur
Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur, inscribed DUMU-É-A-PAB on contemporary inscriptions on Lorestān bronze arrowheads or dA-É-AxA-ŠEŠ in the '' Dynastic Chronicle'', means “O Marbīti, protect the heir.” Marbīti was a deity associated with Dēr with a sanctuary in Borsippa. Mārbītiaplauṣur reigned from 980 to 975 BC and was the sole king of Babylon’s short-lived seventh or ''Elamite'' Dynasty.''Babylonian Kinglist A'', BM 33332, iii 14. He was a contemporary of Assyrian king Aššur-reš-iši II.''Synchronistic King List'', Ass 14616c (KAV 216), iii 8 and fragments VAT 11261 (KAV 10), ii 2 + Ass 13956dh (KAV 182), iii 5. Biography The circumstances surrounding the fall of the previous Bazi dynasty and his ascendancy are unknown. His name was wholly Akkadian and he was described as a remote descendant of Elam, šà.bal.bal ˹libir NIM.˺MA.KI (Akkadian: ''liplippi Elamti Labīru''), in the ''Dynastic Chronicle''.''Dynastic Chronicle'' (ABC 18), column v lines 13 to 15. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elamite Dynasty
The Elamite dynasty, also known as the seventh Babylonian dynasty, was a short-lived dynasty of Elamite origin who ruled from the city of Babylon in the early 10th century BC. The dynasty's first and only ruler was Mar-biti-apla-usur. History Babylon's seventh dynasty, also known as the Elamite dynasty, was founded around 980 BC. It was the third of a series of very short lived Babylonian dynasties, namely the Second Sealand Dynasty, the Bazi Dynasty and the Elamite Dynasty. Its first and sole ruler was the Elamite Mar-biti-apla-usur. His regnal name A regnal name, regnant name, or reign name is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and subsequently, historically. Since ancient times, some monarchs have chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede ... was Akkadian, which was the language spoken in Babylon at the time. However, since no known rulers of Elam are known to have carried Akkadian titles (though ''Mār-bīti-apla-uṣu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Kings Of Babylon
The king of Babylon (Akkadian language, Akkadian: , later also ) was the ruler of the ancient Mesopotamian city of Babylon and its kingdom, Babylonia, which existed as an independent realm from the 19th century BC to its fall in the 6th century BC. For the majority of its existence as an independent kingdom, Babylon ruled most of southern Mesopotamia, composed of the ancient regions of Sumer and Akkad (region), Akkad. The city experienced two major periods of ascendancy, when Babylonian kings rose to dominate large parts of the Ancient Near East: the First Babylonian Empire (or Old Babylonian Empire, 1894/1880–1595 BC) and the Second Babylonian Empire (or Neo-Babylonian Empire, 626–539 BC). Babylon was ruled by Hammurabi, who created the Code of Hammurabi. Many of Babylon's kings were of foreign origin. Throughout the city's nearly two-thousand year history, it was ruled by kings of native Babylonian (Akkadian), Amorites, Amorite, Kassites, Kassite, Elamite, Arameans, Aramean, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mār-bīti
Mār-bīti was a Mesopotamian god. While his character is overall poorly known, it is agreed that he was regarded as warlike. He could be associated with deities such as Nanaya, Nabu or various members of the local pantheons of Der and Borsippa. While he is already attested in an inscription from the Kassite period, most attestations of him come from the first millennium BCE. He was originally worshiped in Malgium and Der in eastern Mesopotamia, but he is also attested in Borsippa, Babylon and Kalhu. A number of temples dedicated to him are mentioned in known texts, but their ceremonial names in most cases remain unknown. Two kings of Babylonia bore theophoric names invoking him, Mār-bīti-apla-uṣur and Mār-bῑti-aḫḫē-idinna. Name and character The theonym Mār-bīti ( dDUMU- É, dA-É) can be literally translated as "son of the house", though the last sign in this context refers to a temple instead. Due to the fact that in known sources the name appears in associ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashur-resh-ishi II
Aššūr-reš-iši II, inscribed m''aš-šur-''SAG''-i-ši'', meaning "(the god) Aššur has lifted my head," was the king of Assyria, 971–967 BC, the 96th to be listed on the ''Assyrian Kinglist''.''Khorsabad Kinglist'', tablet IM 60017 (excavation nos.: DS 828, DS 32-54), iv 10, 12.''Nassouhi Kinglist'', Istanbul A. 116 (Assur 8836), iv 25, 27. His short five-year reign is rather poorly attested and somewhat overshadowed by the lengthy reigns of his predecessor, Aššur-rabi II, and successor, Tukultī-apil-Ešarra II. Biography He succeeded his father, Aššur-rabi II, who had a long 41-year reign. He was probably fairly elderly when the accession took place. He is given in the ''Synchronistic Kinglist''''Synchronistic Kinglist'', tablet Ass 14616c (KAV 216), iii 8. as the counterpart of the Babylonian king Mâr-bîti-apla-uṣur (983-978 BC), the sole member of the 7th or ''Elamite'' dynasty of Babylon, although conventional chronology would suggest the subsequent king, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nabû-mukin-apli
Nabû-mukin-apli, typically inscribed dAG-DU-A, “ Nabû (is) establisher of a legitimate heir,” ruled 974–939 BC, founded Babylon’s 8th dynasty, the so-called ''Dynasty of E'', and ruled for thirty-six years.''Babylonian King List A'', tablet BM 33332 iii 15 in the British Museum. The ''Synchronistic Kinglist'' records him as a contemporary of the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser II.The ''Synchronistic Kinglist'' A.117, KAV 216 (Ass. 14616c), iii 9 ( İstanbul Arkeoloji Műzeleri) and also fragments KAV 10 (VAT 11261, in the Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin) ii 3 KAV 182 (Ass. 13956dh) iii 6. His reign was plagued by Aramean invasions, resulting in Babylon being cut off from its agricultural hinterland for several years and consequently being unable to celebrate the new year festival. Biography His reign falls in the midst of the Babylonian dark age and consequently his ancient sources are meager. He is mentioned in the ''Eclectic Chronicle''''Chronicle 24'', tablet BM 278 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eclectic Chronicle
The Eclectic Chronicle, referred to in earlier literature as the ''New Babylonian Chronicle'', is an ancient Mesopotamian account of the highlights of Babylonian history during the post- Kassite era prior to the 689 BC fall of the city of Babylon. It is an important source of historiography from the period of the early iron-age dark-age with few extant sources to support its telling of events. The text Although its provenance is unknown, it is thought to originate from Babylon itself as it is written in standard Babylonian in the late cuneiform script of the region. It was acquired by the British Museum in 1898 and given the accession number 98,0711.124, subsequently the Museum reference BM 27859. Approximately two-thirds of the text has survived with the top part of the tablet broken off, losing the beginning and end of the narrative. The work is written in a single column on a small tablet in the format of an administrative or economic text, suggesting it was for private use, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirikti-shuqamuna
Širikti-šuqamuna, inscribed phonetically in cuneiform m''ši-rik-ti-''d''šu-qa-mu-nu'' and meaning “gift of (the god) Šuqamuna”, 981 BC, succeeded his fellow “son of Bazi,” Ninurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I, as 3rd king of the Bῑt-Bazi or 6th Dynasty of Babylon and exercised the kingship for just 3 months, an insufficient time to merit an official regnal year. Biography He was the last monarch of the Bīt-Bazi dynasty, which had reigned for 20 years 3 months according to the ''King List A'',''King List A'', BM 33332, iii. and a contemporary of the Assyrian king Aššur-rabi II,''Synchronistic King List A.117'', Assur 14646c. 1012–971 BC. He was named for the Kassite god of war and of the chase, Šuqamuna, one of the two (with Šumalia) associated with the investiture of kings. The ''Chronicle Concerning the Reign of Šamaš-šuma-ukin'',''Šamaš-šuma-ukin Chronicle'' (ABC 15), BM 96273, lines 20 to 21. a text containing disconnected passages from writing boards, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arameans
The Arameans, or Aramaeans (; ; , ), were a tribal Semitic people in the ancient Near East, first documented in historical sources from the late 12th century BCE. Their homeland, often referred to as the land of Aram, originally covered central regions of what is now Syria. The Arameans were not a single nation or group; Aram was a region with local centers of power spread throughout the Levant. That makes it almost impossible to establish a coherent ethnic category of "Aramean" based on extralinguistic identity markers, such as material culture, lifestyle, or religion. The people of Aram were called "Arameans" in Assyrian texts and the Hebrew Bible, but the terms "Aramean" and “Aram” were never used by later Aramean dynasts to refer to themselves or their country, except the king of Aram-Damascus, since his kingdom was also called Aram. "Arameans" is merely an appellation of the geographical term Aram given to 1st millennium BCE inhabitants of Syria. At the begi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akitu
Akitu or Akitum () () is a spring festival and New Year's celebration, held on the first day of the Assyrian and Babylonian Nisan in ancient Mesopotamia and in Assyrian communities around the world, to celebrate the sowing of barley. Akitu originates from the Sumerian spring New Year festival of Zagmuk. Babylonian Akitu The Babylonian festival traditionally started on 4 Nissan, the first month of the year, as a celebration of the sowing of barley. All the people in the city would celebrate, including the ''awilu'' (upper class), ''muskena'' (middle class), ''wardu'' (lower class), High Priest, and the King. First to Third Day The priest of Ésagila (Marduk's house) would recite sad prayers with the other priests and the people would answer with equally sad prayers which expressed humanity's fear of the unknown. This fear of the unknown explains why the high priest would head to the Ésagila every day asking for Marduk's forgiveness, begging him to protect Babylon, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sargon Of Akkad
Sargon of Akkad (; ; died 2279 BC), also known as Sargon the Great, was the first ruler of the Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.The date of the reign of Sargon is highly uncertain, depending entirely on the (conflicting) regnal years given in the various copies of the Sumerian King List, specifically the uncertain duration of the Gutian dynasty. The added regnal years of the Sargonic and the Gutian dynasties have to be subtracted from the accession of Ur-Nammu of the Third Dynasty of Ur, which is variously dated to either 2047 BC ( Short Chronology) or 2112 BC ( Middle Chronology). An accession date of Sargon of 2334 BC assumes: (1) a Sargonic dynasty of 180 years (fall of Akkad 2154 BC), (2) a Gutian interregnum of 42 years and (3) the Middle Chronology accession year of Ur-Nammu (2112 BC). He is sometimes identified as the first person in recorded history to rule over an empire. He was the founder of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elam
Elam () was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of modern-day southern Iraq. The modern name ''Elam'' stems from the Sumerian language, Sumerian transliteration ''elam(a)'', along with the later Akkadian language, Akkadian ''elamtu'', and the Elamite ''haltamti.'' Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient Near East. In classical literature, Elam was also known as Susiana ( ; ''Sousiānḗ''), a name derived from its capital Susa. Elam was part of the early Cities of the Ancient Near East, urbanization of the Near East during the Chalcolithic period (Copper Age). The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Sumerian history, where slightly earlier records have been found. In the Old Elamite period (Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age), Elam consisted of kingdoms on the Iranian plateau, centered in Ansha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akkadian Language
Akkadian ( ; )John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages''. Ed. Roger D. Woodard (2004, Cambridge) Pages 218–280 was an East Semitic language that is attested in ancient Mesopotamia ( Akkad, Assyria, Isin, Larsa, Babylonia and perhaps Dilmun) from the mid- third millennium BC until its gradual replacement in common use by Old Aramaic among Assyrians and Babylonians from the 8th century BC. Akkadian, which is the earliest documented Semitic language, is named after the city of Akkad, a major centre of Mesopotamian civilization during the Akkadian Empire (–2154 BC). It was written using the cuneiform script, originally used for Sumerian, but also used to write multiple languages in the region including Eblaite, Hurrian, Elamite, Old Persian and Hittite. The influence of Sumerian on Akkadian went beyond just the cuneiform script; owing to their close proximity, a lengthy span of con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
