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Manvel Grigoryan
Lieutenant General Manvel Sektori Grigoryan (Armenian language, Armenian: Մանվել Սեկտորի Գրիգորյան; 14 July 1956 – 19 November 2020) was an Armenian military leader and a member of the National Assembly of Armenia. At one point he was one of the highest-ranking officials in the Armenian Army, serving as Deputy Minister of Defense from 2000 to 2008. He served as the president of the Yerkrapah, Yerkrapah Volunteer Union from 1999 to 2018. Early life and First Karabakh War Manvel Grigoryan was born on 14 July 1956 in the village of Arshaluys in Armavir Province, Armavir province. He served in the Soviet Army from 1975 to 1977. He graduated from Artsakh University, Stepanakert State University in 1993 and Yerevan State University in 1998. During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, he commanded Armenian forces in the defense of Hadrut Province, Hadrut, the retaking of the region of Martakert Province, Martakert, and the capture of Fuzuli (city), Fuzuli. He comman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arshaluys
Arshaluys (, until 1935 ''Kyorpalu'') is a village in the Armavir Province of Armenia. It is located 14 km north-east from the regional center. It is located on the right bank of the Kasagh River. The city is about 19 km from Yerevan. The settlement is 860 meters above sea level. It has a direct road to Vagharshapat and Yerevan. History The ancestors of the inhabitants migrated from Ani in 1828–1829, and some came from Yerevan. The Armavir region and the Ararat region were part of the Ayrarat province in the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Kingdom of Armenia. The village has a Surb Astvatsatsin church, built in the 1870s. The village is about 2 km south of the village of St. Karapet. Culture There is a secondary school in Arshalugh, has a renovated and modern kindergarten, a hospital, a sports school, a music school, a football stadium and more. In 2018, a sculpture and painting school was opened, and the students have placed their own sculptures on display in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artsakh University
Artsakh State University () was a university in Stepanakert, the oldest and largest university in the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh. Over the course of its 50-year history, Artsakh State University has produced over 20,000 graduates in 60 fields of study. After the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive and the flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians, the university building was appropriated by the Azerbaijan Ministry of Education for a Karabakh University () (also spelled Garabagh University) on November 28, 2023, which started admitting students in 2024. Students from Artsakh State University have campaigned for the university to resume operations in exile in Armenia. History The university was established in 1969, in Stepanakert, the centre of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast. At the time of its establishment, the university was called the Stepanakert Branch of Baku Pedagogical Institute named after Lenin and had only two Chairs: the Chair of Language and Literature and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Levon Ter-Petrosyan
Levon Hakobi Ter-Petrosyan (; born 9 January 1946), also known by his initials LTP, is an Armenian politician and historian who served as the first president of Armenia from 1991 until his resignation in 1998. A senior researcher at the Matenadaran, he led the Karabakh movement for the unification of the Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh with Armenia which began in 1988. After Armenia's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union in September 1991, Ter-Petrosyan was elected president in October 1991 with overwhelming public support. He led the country through the First Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighboring Azerbaijan. He was reelected in the 1996 presidential election, which was marred by accusations of electoral fraud, sparking mass protests led by runner-up Vazgen Manukyan. The mass rallies were suppressed by military force. Due to disagreements with key members of his government over a peace proposal for the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, especially Defence Minister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2008 Armenian Presidential Election Protests
A series of anti-government riots took place in Armenia following 2008 Armenian presidential election, presidential elections held on 19 February 2008. Protests broke out in the Armenian capital Yerevan, organized by supporters of presidential candidate and former president Levon Ter-Petrosyan and other opposition leaders. The protests began on 20 February, lasted for 10 days in Yerevan's Freedom Square, Yerevan, Freedom Square, and involved tens of thousands of demonstrators during the day and hundreds camping out overnight. Despite the urges of the government to stop the demonstrations, the protests continued until 1 March. After nine days of peaceful protests at Freedom Square, the national police and military forces tried to disperse the protesters on 1 March. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RFERL
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a media organization broadcasting news and analyses in 27 languages to 23 countries across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. Headquartered in Prague since 1995, RFE/RL operates 21 local bureaus with over 500 core staff, 1,300 freelancers, and 680 employees. Nicola Careem serves as the editor-in-chief. Founded during the Cold War, RFE began in 1949 targeting Soviet satellite states, while RL, established in 1951, focused on the Soviet Union. Initially funded covertly by the CIA until 1972, the two merged in 1976. RFE/RL was headquartered in Munich from 1949 to 1995, with additional broadcasts from Portugal's Glória do Ribatejo until 1996. Soviet authorities jammed their signals, and communist regimes often infiltrated their operations. Today, RFE/RL is a private 501(c)(3) corporation supervised by the United States Agency for Global Media, which oversees all government-supported international broadca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva Conventions
upright=1.15, The original document in single pages, 1864 The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war. The singular term ''Geneva Convention'' colloquially denotes the agreements of 1949, negotiated in the aftermath of the Second World War (1939–1945), which updated the terms of the two 1929 treaties and added two new conventions. The Geneva Conventions extensively define the basic rights of wartime prisoners, civilians and military personnel; establish protections for the wounded and sick; and provide protections for the civilians in and around a war-zone. The Geneva Conventions define the rights and protections afforded to those non-combatants who fulfill the criteria of being '' protected persons''. The treaties of 1949 were ratified, in their entirety or with reservations, by 196 countries. The Geneva Conventio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larisa Alaverdyan
Larisa Asaturi Alaverdyan (; born 21 September 1943), is an Armenian pedagogue and politician who served as the first Human Rights Defender of Armenia (Ombudsman), member of the National Assembly between 2007 and 2012 and leader of the faction of party Founding Parliament between 2009 and 2012. Biography Alaverdyan was born in Baku, now governed by the Republic of Azerbaijan. After graduating from the State Pedagogical Institute of Azerbaijan in 1966, she started her pedagogical work as a teacher of mathematics and drawing. Between 1966 and 1967 was teacher of maths in a rural secondary school. From 1991 to 1995, was the chief expert of the Special Commission of the Supreme Council of Armenia in issues related to Nagorno-Karabakh, and since 2006 is the executive director of the NGO "Against the Violation of Law". She is actually the director of Institute of Law and Politics of the Russian-Armenian University, where teaches since 2002. Participated in the European Union-Armeni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vagharshapat
Vagharshapat ( ) is the List of cities and towns in Armenia, 5th-largest city in Armenia and the most populous municipal community of Armavir Province, located about west of the capital Yerevan, and north of the closed Turkish-Armenian border. It is commonly known as Ejmiatsin (also spelled Echmiadzin or Etchmiadzin, , ), which was its official name between 1945 and 1995. It is still commonly used colloquially and in official bureaucracy, a case of dual naming. The city is best known as the location of Etchmiadzin Cathedral and Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the center of the Armenian Apostolic Church. It is thus unofficially known in Western sources as a "holy city" and in Armenia as the country's "spiritual capital". It was one of the major cities and a historic capitals of Armenia, capital of Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), the ancient Kingdom of Greater Armenia. Reduced to a small town by the early 20th century, it experienced large expansion during the Soviet period beco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hetq Online
''Hetq'' () is an online newspaper published in Yerevan by the Investigative Journalists NGO. It first appeared in 2001 in the Armenian language, and since 2002 it has been publishing in English as well. The Investigative Journalists of Armenia NGO is a non-government organization founded on 29 July 2000, with the primary goal of assisting the development of investigative journalism in Armenia and to strengthen and develop freedom of speech and democratic principles. History Since 2001 the organization has produced investigative films and articles on environmental, social, educational, cultural, judicial, energy, the banking system, and other issues within the scope of different projects. These investigations have revealed various abuses by state and local government as well as the violation of human rights. Since 2001, the organization has published the ''Hetq Online'' internet newspaper: The English version of ''Hetq Online'' has been published since September 2002, thus garne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khojaly Massacre
The Khojaly massacre (, ) was the mass killing of Azerbaijani civilians by Armenian forces and the 366th CIS regiment in the town of Khojaly on 26 February 1992. The event became the largest single massacre throughout the entire Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Khojaly was an Azerbaijani-populated town of some 6,300 people in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of Azerbaijan SSR, also housing the region's only airport in 1992. The town was subject to daily shelling and total blockade by Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. Without supply of electricity, gas, or water, it was defended by the local forces consisting of about 160 lightly armed men. The Armenian forces, along with some troops of the 366th CIS regiment, launched an offensive in early 1992, forcing almost the entire Azerbaijani population of the enclave to flee, and committing "unconscionable acts of violence against civilians" as they fled. The massacre was one of the turning points during the F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan)
This is a list of ministers of foreign affairs of Azerbaijan, from the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan to the Republic of Azerbaijan. List of foreign ministers Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan * Mammedhasan Hajinski (May 28, 1918 – October 6, 1918) * Alimardan Topchubashev (October 6, 1918 – December 7, 1918) * Fatali Khan Khoyski (December 26, 1918 – March 14, 1919) * Mammad Yusif Jafarov (March 14, 1919 – December 22, 1919) * Fatali Khan Khoyski, second term (December 24, 1919 – April 1, 1920) Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic * Nariman Narimanov (April, 1920 – May 2, 1921) * Mirza Davud Huseynov (May 1921 – December, 1921) * ''No Ministers of Foreign Affairs between 1921–1944'' * Mahmud Aliyev (1944–1958) * Tahira Tahirova (1959–1983) * Elmira Qafarova (December 1, 1983 – December 22, 1987) * Huseynaga Sadigov (January 23, 1988 – October 18, 1991) Azerbaijan Republic * Huseynaga Sadigov (January 23, 1988 – May 29, 1992) * Tofig Gasimov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuzuli (city)
Fuzuli ( ) is a city and the capital of the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan. The city had a population of 17,090 before its Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh, occupation by Armenian forces on 23 August 1993, during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, which resulted in the expulsion of the local Azerbaijani population and the city becoming a ghost town. However people are slowly starting to return. On 17 October 2020, Azerbaijani forces recaptured the city during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. History Archaeological excavations on the hill in the northern edge of the town, Garakopaktapa, uncovered artifacts from the 4th-3rd centuries BC, matching similar artifacts found throughout the Armenian highlands. In the Middle Ages, the area belonged to the historical province of Artsakh (historical province), Artsakh in the Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Kingdom of Armenia. By the late medieval period, it formed part of the Armenian principality of Dizak. The near ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
