|
Manuel Gräfe
Manuel Gräfe (born 21 September 1973) is a former German football referee. He refereed for Hertha 03 Zehlendorf of the Berlin Football Association. He was a FIFA referee between 2007 and 2018. Refereeing career Gräfe officiated in the 2. Bundesliga from 2001 to 2004 and in the Bundesliga from 2004 until his retirement in 2021. He received his FIFA license in 2007. He refereed his final match on 22 May 2021, which was between Borussia Dortmund and Bayer 04 Leverkusen. Age discrimination claim The refereeing age limit of 47 is set by the Bundesliga. In July 2021 Gräfe stated he was taking legal action against the German football federation (DFB) over alleged age discrimination, and separately petitions were launched. Fellow former-FIFA referee Markus Merk however stated 'It is a problem in our society that the old cannot let go and that the chances of advancement are more difficult for the descendants. We need change and permeability.' Gräfe indicated he was not seek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Berlin
West Berlin ( or , ) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin from 1948 until 1990, during the Cold War. Although West Berlin lacked any sovereignty and was under military occupation until German reunification in 1990, the territory was claimed by the West Germany, Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany), despite being entirely surrounded by the East Germany, German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany). The legality of this claim was contested by the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries. However, West Berlin de facto aligned itself politically with the FRG from May 1949 and was thereafter treated as a ''de facto'' city-state of that country. After 1949, it was directly or indirectly represented in the institutions of the FRG, and most of its residents were citizens of the FRG. West Berlin was formally controlled by the Western Allies and entirely surrounded by East Berlin and East Germany. West Berlin had great symbolic signi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kicker (sports Magazine)
''Kicker'' (stylized in all lowercase) is Germany's leading sports magazine, focused primarily on Association football, football. The magazine was founded in 1920 by German football pioneer Walther Bensemann and is published twice weekly, usually Monday and Thursday. Each edition sells around 80,000 copies. ''Kicker'' is a founding member of European Sports Media, an association of football publications. ''Kicker'' annually awards the most prolific scorer of the Bundesliga with the ''Kicker Torjägerkanone'' () award. It is equivalent to the Pichichi Trophy in Spanish football. The magazine also publishes an almanac, the ''Kicker Fußball-Almanach''. It was first published from 1937 to 1942, and then continuously from 1959 to date. They also publish a yearbook (''Kicker Fußball-Jahrbuch''). History ''Kicker'' was first issued in July 1920 in Konstanz, Germany. The magazine's headquarters were originally in Stuttgart before relocating to Nuremberg in 1926. During World War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Football Referees
German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also German nationality law **Germanic peoples (Roman era) *German diaspora * German language * German cuisine, traditional foods of Germany People * German (given name) * German (surname) * Germán, a Spanish name Places * German (parish), Isle of Man * German, Albania, or Gërmej * German, Bulgaria * German, Iran * German, North Macedonia * German, New York, U.S. * Agios Germanos, Greece Other uses * German (mythology), a South Slavic mythological being * Germans (band), a Canadian rock band * "German" (song), a 2019 song by No Money Enterprise * ''The German'', a 2008 short film * "The Germans", an episode of ''Fawlty Towers'' * ''The German'', a nickname for Congolese rebel André Kisase Ngandu See also * Germanic (disambiguat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sportspeople From Berlin
An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance. Sometimes, the word "athlete" is used to refer specifically to sport of athletics competitors, i.e. including track and field and marathon runners but excluding e.g. swimmers, footballers or basketball players. However, in other contexts (mainly in the United States) it is used to refer to all athletics (physical culture) participants of any sport. For the latter definition, the word sportsperson or the gendered sportsman or sportswoman are also used. A third definition is also sometimes used, meaning anyone who is physically fit regardless of whether they compete in a sport. Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise, accompanied by a strict dietary regimen. Definitions The word "athlete" is a romanization of the , ''at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Living People
Purpose: Because living persons may suffer personal harm from inappropriate information, we should watch their articles carefully. By adding an article to this category, it marks them with a notice about sources whenever someone tries to edit them, to remind them of WP:BLP (biographies of living persons) policy that these articles must maintain a neutral point of view, maintain factual accuracy, and be properly sourced. Recent changes to these articles are listed on Special:RecentChangesLinked/Living people. Organization: This category should not be sub-categorized. Entries are generally sorted by family name In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full name of a person, although several give .... Maintenance: Individuals of advanced age (over 90), for whom there has been no new documentation in the last ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1973 Births
Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 1972 Miami Dolphins season, Miami Dolphins defeated the 1972 Washington Redskins season, Washington Redskins in Super Bowl VII, with the Dolphins ending the season a perfect 17-0. This marked the first and only time that an NFL team has had a perfect undefeated season, an achievement the team holds to this day. * January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. President Richard Nixon announces the suspension of offensive action in North Vietnam. * January 17 – Ferdinand Marcos becomes President for Life of the Philippines. * January 22 ** ''Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman, The Sunshine Showdown'': George Foreman defeats Joe Frazier to win the heavyweight world boxing championship in Kingston, Jamaica. ** A Royal Jorda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Football Referees
This is a list of notable FIFA international Referee (association football), referees. Years in brackets indicate when the referee was added to the FIFA International Referees List. Current referees are at the top of the section for each country, while entries of former referees are collapsed. Algeria Men's Referees = Video Match Officials = Women's Referees = Video Match Officials = * Asma Feriel Ouahab (2024–present) Argentina Men's Referees Video Match Officials Women's Referees Video Match Officials * Salomé di Iorio, Salome Di Iorio (2004–) Armenia Men's Assistant Referees * Sargis Hovhannisyan (2021–) Women's Assistant Referees * Liana Grigoryan (2006–2010) Australia Men's Referees Video Match Officials Women's Referees Assistant Referees Video Match Officials Austria Referees Azerbaijan Men's Referees Women's Assistant Referees * Sevda Nuriyeva (2010–2021) Bahrain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayer 04 Leverkusen
Bayer 04 Leverkusen, officially known as Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fußball GmbH () and commonly known as Bayer Leverkusen or simply Leverkusen, is a German professional association football, football club based in Leverkusen, North Rhine-Westphalia. It competes in the Bundesliga, the top tier of German football league system, German football, and plays its home matches at the BayArena. Founded in 1904 by employees of the pharmaceutical company Bayer (whose headquarters are in Leverkusen and from which the club draws its name), the club was formerly a department of TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen and RTHC Bayer Leverkusen, sports clubs whose members participate in athletics, gymnastics, Bayer Giants Leverkusen, basketball, field handball, rowing, tennis and hockey. In 1999, the football department was separated from the sports club. Bayer Leverkusen's main colours are red and black, which feature across their playing kits and badge, and their main rivals are 1. FC Köln, Borussia Mönchenglad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borussia Dortmund
Ballspielverein Borussia 09 e. V. Dortmund, often known simply as Borussia Dortmund () or by its initialism BVB (), or just Dortmund by International fans, is a German professional sports club based in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is best known for its men's professional football club (association football), football team, which plays in the Bundesliga, the top tier of the German football league system. Founded in 1909 by eighteen football players from Dortmund, they are nicknamed ''Die Schwarzgelben'' (The Black and Yellow), for the colours used in the club's crest. They hold a long-standing rivalry with Ruhr neighbours FC Schalke 04, Schalke 04, against whom they contest the Revierderby. They also contest Der Klassiker with FC Bayern Munich, Bayern Munich. Dortmund is the second largest sports club by membership in Germany, with about 218,000 members, making Borussia Dortmund the List of sports clubs by membership, fifth largest sports club by membership in the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FIFA
The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (), more commonly known by its acronym FIFA ( ), is the international self-regulatory governing body of association football, beach soccer, and futsal. It was founded on 21 May 1904 to oversee international competition among the national associations of Royal Belgian Football Association, Belgium, Danish Football Union, Denmark, Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques, France, German Football Association, Germany, the Royal Dutch Football Association, Netherlands, Royal Spanish Football Federation, Spain (represented by Real Madrid CF), Swedish Football Association, Sweden, and Swiss Football Association, Switzerland. Headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland, its membership now comprises List of FIFA Member Associations, 211 national associations. These national associations must also be members of one of the six regional confederations: Confederation of African Football, CAF (Africa), Asian Football Confederat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sports Science
Sports science is a discipline that studies how the healthy human body works during exercise, and how sports and physical activity promote health and performance from cellular to whole body perspectives. The study of sports science traditionally incorporates areas of physiology ( exercise physiology), psychology ( sport psychology), anatomy, biomechanics ( sports biomechanics), biochemistry, and kinesiology. Sport scientists and performance consultants are growing in demand and employment numbers, with the ever-increasing focus within the sporting world on achieving the best results possible. Through the scientific study of sports, researchers have developed a greater understanding of how the human body reacts to exercise, training, different environments, and many other stimuli. Origins of exercise physiology Sports science can trace its origins back to Ancient Greece. The noted ancient Greek physician Galen (131–201) wrote 87 detailed essays about improving health (pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin Football Association
The Berlin Football Association (, BFV) is the umbrella organization of football clubs in the German capital Berlin. The BFV was founded in 1897 and has its headquarters in Berlin. President of the BFV is Bernd Schultz. The BFV belongs to the Northeastern German Football Association and is one of 21 state organizations of the German Football Association The German Football Association ( ; DFB ) is the governing body of Association football, football, futsal, and beach soccer in Germany. A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA, the DFB has jurisdiction for the German football league system and ... (German: Deutscher Fussball-Bund – DFB). In 2017 the BFV had 150,981 members from 391 football clubs with 3,501 teams. References External links BFV website {{Authority control Football in Berlin Football governing bodies in Germany 1897 establishments in Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
