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Manuel Antonio Ay
Manuel Antonio Ay (c. 1817– July 26, 1847) was a Yucatec Maya peoples, Maya military leader and revolutionary, and chief of the village of Chichimilá Municipality, Chichimilá. Life Ay was the batab of Chichimilá. He would often help indigenous villagers with legal matters as he was literate while many of the local Maya could not read or write. Ay fought in the 1846 rebellion against the Mérida, Yucatán, Merida-based government of Miguel Barbachano, President of the Republic of Yucatán. He participated in the capture of Chemax Municipality, Chemax in 1846 and Valladolid in 1847 under the orders of Colonel Antonio Trujeque and with the support of Santiago Méndez. However, after their military success, many of the Maya troops decided to declare independence themselves, putting them at odds with Méndez. Ay was one of the most active organizers of the indigenous insurrection. In 1847, he met with Cecilio Chi, Jacinto Pat, and Bonifacio Novelo to plan the uprising that would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chichimilá Municipality
Chichimilá Municipality (In the Yucatec Maya language, Yucatec Maya Language: “hard to see or recognize”) is a Municipalities of Yucatán, municipality in the Mexico, Mexican List of states of Mexico, state of Yucatán containing (358.59 km2) of land and located roughly 170 km southeast of the city of Mérida, Yucatán, Mérida. History It is unknown which chieftainship the area was under prior to the arrival of the Spanish. After the Spanish conquest of Yucatán, conquest the area became part of the encomienda system with the records indicating Micaela Alcocer rented her encomienda to Manuel Argaís y Noguera and Juana de Argaís y Noguera. Yucatán declared its independence from the Spanish Crown in 1821 and in 1825, the area was assigned to the Valladolid region. During the Caste War of Yucatán Manuel Antonio Ay, a local chieftain, was one of the main promoters of the rebellion by the indigenous people against the government. It was designated as its own muni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santiago Méndez
Santiago Méndez Ibarra (1798 – 1872) was governor of Yucatán (state), Yucatán, Mexico 3 times from 1840 to 1857: 1840–44; 1847–48; 1855–57, alternating that office with Miguel Barbachano mainly during his first and second terms. Méndez was a moderate who advocated a strict conservative financial policy for the government. He was noted for his honesty, and gained no personal fortune from his years in governmental power. Santiago Méndez was more in favor of union with Mexico than Barbachano, but twice presided over Yucatán declaring its independence, due to frustration with Mexican dictator Antonio López de Santa Anna. Santiago Méndez was father of Concepción Méndez Echazarreta and grandfather of Justo Sierra Méndez. Justo Sierra O'Reilly, his son-in-law collaborated with him in policy.Casares G. Cantón, Raúl; Juan Duch Colell; Silvio Zavala et ál. Yucatán en el tiempo (1998) Mérida, Yucatán. References External links * * 1798 births 1872 deat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maya People
Maya () are an ethnolinguistic group of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica. The ancient Maya civilization was formed by members of this group, and today's Maya are generally descended from people who lived within that historical region. Today they inhabit southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and westernmost El Salvador, Honduras, and the northernmost Nicaragua. "Maya" is a modern collective term for the peoples of the region; however, the term was not historically used by the Indigenous populations themselves. There was no common sense of identity or political unity among the distinct populations, societies and ethnic groups because they each had their own particular traditions, cultures and historical identity. It is estimated that seven million Maya were living in this area at the start of the 21st century. Guatemala, southern Mexico and the Yucatán Peninsula, Belize, El Salvador, western Honduras, and northern Nicaragua have managed to ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintana Roo
Quintana Roo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, constitute the 32 administrative divisions of Mexico, federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into municipalities of Quintana Roo, 11 municipalities, and its capital city is Chetumal. Quintana Roo is located on the eastern part of the Yucatán Peninsula and is bordered by the states of Campeche to the west and Yucatán (state), Yucatán to the northwest, and by the Orange Walk District, Orange Walk and Corozal District, Corozal districts of Belize, along with an offshore borderline with Belize District to the south. As Mexico's easternmost state, Quintana Roo has a coastline to the east with the Caribbean Sea and to the north with the Gulf of Mexico. The state previously covered and shared a small border with Guatemala in the southwest of the state. However, in 2013, Mexico's Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation resolved the boundary dispute between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chetumal
Chetumal (, , ; , ) is a city on the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. It is the capital of the List of states of Mexico, state of Quintana Roo and the municipal seat of the Othón P. Blanco, Quintana Roo, Municipality of Othón P. Blanco. In 2020 it had a population of 169,028 people. The city is situated on the western side of Chetumal Bay, near the mouth of the Hondo River (Belize), Río Hondo. Chetumal is an important port for the region and operates as Mexico's main trading gateway with the neighboring country of Belize. Goods are transported via a road connecting Chetumal with Belize City to the south, and also via coastal merchant ships. There is a commercial airport, Chetumal International Airport, with airline service. Because of its location on the Caribbean coastline, it is vulnerable to tropical cyclones; Hurricane Janet and Hurricane Dean, both Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale, Category 5 storms, made landfall (meteorology), landfall near Chetumal in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Criollo People
In Hispanic America, criollo () is a term used originally to describe people of full Spaniards, Spanish descent born in the Viceroyalty, viceroyalties. In different Latin American countries, the word has come to have different meanings, mostly referring to the local-born majority. Historically, they have been misportrayed as a social class in the hierarchy of the Spanish colonization of the Americas, overseas colonies established by Spain beginning in the 16th century, especially in Hispanic America. They were locally born people — almost always of Spaniards, Spanish ancestry, but also sometimes of other Ethnic groups in Europe, European ethnic backgrounds. Their identity was strengthened as a result of the Bourbon reforms of 1700, which changed the Spanish Empire's policies toward its colonies and led to tensions between ''criollos'' and ''peninsulares''. The growth of local ''criollo'' political and economic strength in the separate colonies, coupled with their global geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caste War Of Yucatán
The Caste War of Yucatán or ''ba'atabil kichkelem Yúum'' (1847–1915) began with the revolt of Indigenous peoples of Mexico, indigenous Maya peoples, Maya people of the Yucatán Peninsula against Hispanic populations, called ''Yucatecos''. The latter had held political and economic control of the region after the Spanish colonization of Yucatán and the submission of the Maya people in the late 16th century. It was one of the most successful modern Native American revolts. A lengthy war ensued between the Yucateco forces based in the northwest of the Yucatán and the independent Maya in the southeast. The Caste War took place within the economic and political context of late colonial and post-independence Yucatán. By the end of the eighteenth century, Yucatán's population had expanded considerably, and white and mestizo Mexicans migrated to rural towns. Economic opportunities, primarily in the production of Henequen industry in Yucatán, henequen and sugar cane, attracted in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonifacio Novelo
Bonifacio may refer to: Places * Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud, a town in Corsica, France * Strait of Bonifacio, separating Corsica from Sardinia * Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental, a municipality in the Philippines * Bonifacio Global City, a central business district in Metro Manila, Philippines * Fort Bonifacio, an army camp in Metro Manila, Philippines * Liwasang Bonifacio, a public square in Manila, Philippines * Bonifacio Drive, a major road in Manila, Philippines Other uses * Bonifacio (name), including a list of people with the name * Bonifacio Transport Corporation, an intercity bus company in the Philippines * '' Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo'', a 2014 Philippine historical drama film See also * San Bonifacio, Verona, Italy, a commune * São Bonifácio, Santa Catarina, Brazil, a municipality * Boniface (name) * Saint Boniface (other) Saint Boniface (c. 675? – 754), known as the "Apostle to the Germans", was an important figure in early Christianity. Saint Boniface, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacinto Pat
Jacinto Pat (1797 − September 8, 1849) was a Maya leader and '' batab'' best known for helping lead the rebels in the Caste War of Yucatán. Early life According to the ''Encyclopedia of Quintana Roo'', Pat is an ancient Mayan surname that means "to invent", "to create" and "to make things with clay or wax". Before the Spanish invasion, the Pat family ruled the Mayan chiefdom of Ekab and held power on the island of Cozumel. Ah Naum Pat was the Halach Uinik of Cozumel, and when the Spanish invaders arrived, many inhabitants of the island moved to the Yucatán peninsula. More than 70 families with the last name Pat lived in Cochuah, especially in Tihosuco. Pat was from Tihosuco in present-day Quintana Roo. He was a landowner; his properties included Culumpich hacienda and Rancho Panabá. The Caste War In 1847, a rebellion against the criollo government broke out when Pat joined with Cecilio Chi, a Maya ''batab'' from Tepich. After helping to lead the sack of Valladolid, Pat wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cecilio Chi
Cecilio Chi (c. 1820 – December 13, 1848) was a Mayan indigenous batab, born in the town of Tepich, formerly Yucatán, currently Quintana Roo in Mexico. He was a military leader of the ''Cruzo 'ob'' ( The Caste War Maya). Early life Chi owned a rancho in Tepich. In 1842, he participated in the defense of Campeche, which allowed him to learn about military organization. In 1846, he was batab of his native town. He participated in the organization of a rebellion against the Criollos and Ladinos in the region. He coordinated the insurrection with Manuel Antonio Ay, the batab of Chichimilá, and Jacinto Pat, with the purpose of constituting a Mayan nation independent of Mexico, which would respect the rights of the indigenous people. The Caste War The rebellion that was called the Caste War began on July 13, 1847, after the execution of Manuel Antonio Ay in Valladolid. The conspiracy was discovered when police found a letter from Cecilio Chi, in which he discussed questions abou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemax Municipality
Chemax Municipality (, “monkey's tree”) is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán containing 1,098.6 km2 of land and located roughly 185 km east of the city of Mérida. History There is no accurate data on when the town was founded, though it existed before the conquest as part of the province of Cupules. At colonization, Chemax became part of the encomienda system with the first encomendero noted in 1549 as Juan López de Mena. Yucatán declared its independence from the Spanish Crown in 1821 and during the Caste War of Yucatán the city was abandoned but repopulated after federal troops regained possession of it. In 1865, the area was assigned to the partition of Valladolid Municipality. In 1918, it was designated as its own municipality. Governance The municipal president is elected for a three-year term. The town council has nine councilpersons, who serve as Secretary and councilors of public works, public lighting, police commissaries, public ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yucatán
Yucatán, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, constitute the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises 106 separate municipalities, and its capital city is Mérida. Located on the northern part of the Yucatán Peninsula, it is bordered by the states of Campeche to the southwest and Quintana Roo to the southeast, with the Gulf of Mexico off its northern coast. Before the arrival of Spaniards, the peninsula was a very important region for the Maya civilization that reached the peak of its development here, where the Maya founded the cities of Chichen Itza, Izamal, Motul, Mayapan, Ek' Balam, and Ichkanzihóo (also called T'ho), now Mérida. After the Spanish conquest of Yucatán (early 16th to late 17th centuries), the Yucatán Peninsula became a single administrative and political entity, the Captaincy General of Yucatán. Following Mexican independence in 1821 the local Governor proclaimed indepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
