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Mannheim School
Mannheim school refers to both the orchestral techniques pioneered by the court orchestra of the Elector Palatine in Mannheim in the latter half of the 18th century and the group of composers of the early classical period, who composed for the orchestra of Mannheim. The father of the school is considered to be the Bohemian composer Johann Stamitz. Besides him, two generations of composers wrote compositions for the orchestra, whose reputation was due to its excellent discipline and the individual skill of its players; the English traveler Charles Burney called it "an army of generals". Their performance style included new dynamic elements, crescendos and diminuendos. Composers of the Mannheim school played an important role in the development of the classical period's genres and of the classical symphony form.''Encyclopedia of Music'', William Collins Sons & Company, p. 340. 1976 History The origins of the Mannheim school go back to the court of the Elector Palatine, Elector Char ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignaz Fränzl
Ignaz Fränzl (3 June 1736 – 6 September 1811 (buried)) was a German violinist, composer and representative of the second generation of the so-called Mannheim School. Mozart, who heard him at a concert in November 1777, wrote of him in a letter to his father: ''He may not be a sorcerer, but he is a very solid violinist indeed.'' Fränzl carried the Mannheim violin technique, established by Johann Stamitz, one step further to real virtuosity. Mozart, quite a good violinist himself and thoroughly acquainted with the instrument, praised Fränzl's double trill and said he had never heard a better one. Biography The son of trumpeter and viola player Ferdinand Rudolph Fränzl, Ignaz Fränzl was born and died in Mannheim. He entered the Mannheim court orchestra in 1747 as a violinist, probably as a ''scholar'' (i.e. apprentice) similar to Christian Cannabich, another composer-violinist of the Mannheim school. In the personnel list of 1756 he is documented as a first violinist tog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostinato
In music, an ostinato (; derived from the Italian word for ''stubborn'', compare English ''obstinate'') is a motif or phrase that persistently repeats in the same musical voice, frequently in the same pitch. Well-known ostinato-based pieces include classical compositions such as Ravel's ''Boléro'' and the '' Carol of the Bells'', and popular songs such as John Lennon’s “Mind Games” (1973), Donna Summer and Giorgio Moroder's " I Feel Love" (1977), Henry Mancini's theme from ''Peter Gunn'' (1959), The Who's " Baba O'Riley" (1971), The Verve's " Bitter Sweet Symphony" (1997), and Flo Rida's " Low" (2007). Both ''ostinatos'' and ''ostinati'' are accepted English plural forms, the latter reflecting the word's Italian etymology. The repeating idea may be a rhythmic pattern, part of a tune, or a complete melody in itself. Kamien, Roger (1258). ''Music: An Appreciation'', p. 611. . Strictly speaking, ostinati should have exact repetition, but in common usage, the term cover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynamics (music)
In music, the dynamics of a piece are the variation in loudness between notes or phrases. Dynamics are indicated by specific musical notation, often in some detail. However, dynamics markings require interpretation by the performer depending on the musical context: a specific marking may correspond to a different volume between pieces or even sections of one piece. The execution of dynamics also extends beyond loudness to include changes in timbre and sometimes tempo rubato. Purpose and interpretation Dynamics are one of the expressive elements of music. Used effectively, dynamics help musicians sustain variety and interest in a musical performance, and communicate a particular emotional state or feeling. Dynamic markings are always relative. (''piano'' - "soft") never indicates a precise level of loudness; it merely indicates that music in a passage so marked should be considerably quieter than (''forte'' - "loud"). There are many factors affecting the interpretati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symphony No
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata form. Symphonies are almost always scored for an orchestra consisting of a string section (violin, viola, cello, and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30 to 100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their own instrument. Some symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, or Mahler's Second Symphony). Etymology and origins The word ''symphony'' is derived from the Greek word (), meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chevalier De Saint-Georges
Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-George(s) (; ; 25 December 17459 June 1799) was a French violinist, conducting, conductor, composer and soldier. Moreover, he demonstrated excellence as a Fencing, fencer, an athlete and an accomplished dancer. His historical significance lies partly in his distinctive background as a biracial free people of color, free man of color. Bologne was the first List of classical music composers by era#Classical era, classical composer of African descent to attain widespread acclaim in European music. He composed an array of violin concertos, string quartets, sinfonia concertantes, violin duets, sonatas, two symphonies and an assortment of stage works, notably opéra comique. Born in the French colonial empire, French colony of Guadeloupe, his father, Georges Bologne de Saint-Georges, was a wealthy, white Plantation, plantation owner, while his mother was one of the Creole peoples, Creole people Georges kept enslaved. At the age of seven, he was taken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Symphonies
The Paris symphonies are a group of six symphonies written by Joseph Haydn commissioned by the Count D'Ogny, Grandmaster of the Masonic Loge Olympique. Beginning on 11 January 1786, the symphonies were performed by the '' Olympique'' in the Salle des Gardes du Corps of the Tuileries, conducted by Saint-Georges. The Symphonies The symphonies are: * Symphony No. 82 in C major, ''The Bear'' (1786) * Symphony No. 83 in G minor, ''La Poule'' ("The Hen") (1785) * Symphony No. 84 in E major, ''In Nomine Domini'' (1786) * Symphony No. 85 in B major, ''La Reine'' ("The Queen") (1785) * Symphony No. 86 in D major (1786) * Symphony No. 87 in A major (1785) History Parisians had long been familiar with Haydn's symphonies, which were being printed in Paris as early as 1764. H. C. Robbins Landon writes: "All during the early 1780s Haydn's symphonies were performed at the various Parisian concerts with unvarying success, and numerous publishing houses – among them Guera in Lyon, Sieber, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude-François-Marie Rigoley
Claude-François-Marie Rigoley, comte d'Ogny (9 January 1756 – 3 October 1790) was a French nobleman, military officer, patron of the arts, Freemason, and founder of the Concert de la Loge Olympique. Early life Claude-François was born in Dijon to Claude-Jean Rigoley, baron d'Ogny and Élisabeth d'Alencé. His father served as General Intendant of the Posts under both Louis XV and Louis XVI. The Comte d'Ogny distinguished himself within the Strasbourg Regiment of Artillery in 1770, and attained the rank of captain in the regiment of the Jarnac Dragoons in 1774, later retiring from military service on 1 November 1779 with a pension of 885 livres. On 25 January 1780, he was appointed ''Intendant général du poste et des coursiers de France'' by Louis XVI, alongside his father. On 13 February 1786, he married Flore-Louise Ménage de Pressigny, daughter of the eponymous '' fermier général''. French Revolution On 16 July 1789, after the Storming of the Bastille, his fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concert Des Amateurs
The Concert des Amateurs was a company which organized musical concerts in France. Established in 1769 it was dissolved in 1781. History The Concert des Amateurs was created in 1769 and housed at the Hôtel de Soubise in Paris. It was financed only by private funds.Included in private funds were donations and annual subscriptions. Unlike all other societies of the time, it competed with the Concert Spirituel, inaugurated in 1725. From 1769 to 1773, the Concert des Amateurs was directed by the founder of the society François-Joseph Gossec; Joseph Bologne de Saint-George replaced him.. Every week, from December to March, the Concert des Amateurs performed contemporary and/or unpublished works, sometimes in premiere A premiere, also spelled première, (from , ) is the debut (first public presentation) of a work, i.e. play, film, dance, musical composition, or even a performer in that work. History Raymond F. Betts attributes the introduction of the .... In the abse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concert De La Loge Olympique
The Concert de la Loge Olympique was a concert company founded in the 1780s by the fermier général Charles Marin de La Haye des Fosses and Count Claude-François-Marie Rigoley. The main conductor was Joseph Bologne de Saint-George. The orchestra was considered one of the best in Europe and in particular commissioned Joseph Haydn with the so-called "Paris symphonies" (82 to 87). The company ceased all activity in 1789. Recreation in January 2015, change of name in 2016 Recreated in 2015 at the initiative of the violinist and musical director Julien Chauvin, this formation is intended not only as the heir of the name, but also of the artistic approach of that of the 18th century. The favorite repertoire is the music of the late 18th century, one of its characteristics being the use of period instruments. But the new musical ensemble was opposed by the French National Olympic and Sports Committee, which objected to the use of the term "Olympic". Threatened with legal proceed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Legros
Joseph Legros, often also spelt Le Gros, (7 September or 8 September 1739 – 20 December 1793) was a French singer, impresario and composer of the 18th century. He is usually regarded as the most prominent ''haute-contre'' of his generation, though his acting is reputed to have been mediocre. He is best remembered for his association with the composers Gluck and Mozart. Biography Legros was born at Monampteuil, Laon. After initial training as a choirboy, when his voice broke Legros developed the voice of a ''haute-contre'', a type of French high tenor that was typically used for the heroic male lead in French operas of the period. Legros made his début at the Paris Opéra in 1764 in a revival of Mondonville's '' Titon et l'Aurore'' and became the leading ''haute-contre'' at the Opéra, a status he held until his retirement in 1783, caused in part by his increasing obesity. Legros began his operatic career singing the principal roles in revivals of the operas by Jean-Baptist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concert Spirituel
The Concert Spirituel () was one of the first public concert series in existence. The concerts began in Paris in 1725 and ended in 1790. Later, concerts or series of concerts with the same name occurred in multiple places including Paris, Vienna, London and more. The series was founded to provide entertainment during the Easter fortnight and on religious holidays when the other spectacles (the Académie Royale de Musique, Paris Opera, Comédie-Française, and Comédie-Italienne) were closed. The programs featured a mixture of sacred choral works and virtuosic instrumental pieces, and for many years took place in a magnificently-decorated ''Salle des Cent Suisses'' (Hall of the Hundred Swiss Guards) in the Tuileries Palace. They started at six o’clock in the evening and were primarily attended by well-to-do bourgeois, the lower aristocracy, and foreign visitors. In 1784 the concerts were moved to the stage area of the ''Salle des Machines'' (an enormous former opera house in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
