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Manggūltai
Manggūltai (; ; 1587 – 11 January 1633) was a Manchu noble and an important military and political leader in the early years of the Qing dynasty. He helped Hong Taiji consolidate his power by handing over his Plain Blue Banner to Taiji's. He died when he was 45 to 46 years old in 1633. Family background Manggūltai was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the fifth son of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. His mother was one of Nurhaci's primary consorts, who was from the Fuca clan. He was an older half-brother of Nurhaci's successor, Hong Taiji. Career Nurhaci's reign When Nurhaci assumed the title of Khan in 1616, Manggūltai was named one of the ''Four Senior Beile'', to assist Nurhaci's administration. The other three ''beile''s were Daišan, Amin, and Hong Taiji. Starting in 1621, Manggūltai and the other three senior ''beile''s served as assistants to Nurhaci on a monthly rotational basis in directing state affairs of the Later Jin dynasty. Hong Taiji's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurhaci
Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing, was the founding khan of the Jurchen people, Jurchen-led Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin dynasty. As the leader of the House of Aisin-Gioro, Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu people, Manchu"), consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched attacks on both the Ming dynasty, Ming and Joseon dynasties. His conquest of Ming dynasty's northeastern Liaodong region laid the groundwork for the Qing conquest of the Ming by his descendants, who proclaimed the Qing dynasty in 1636. He is also generally credited with ordering the creation of a new written script for the Manchu language based on the Mongolian script, Mongolian vertical script. Name and titles Nurhaci is written as in Manchu language. Some suggest that the meaning of the name in the Manchu language is "the skin of a wild boar". Another explanation is "brav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amin (Qing Dynasty)
Amin (Manchu language, Manchu: ; , 1585- Dec. 28, 1640) was a Manchu noble and an important military and political leader in the early years of the Qing dynasty. He was the second son of Nurhaci's younger brother Šurhaci of the Aisin Gioro clan. Biography Nurhaci's reign In 1608, and again in 1613, he played an important part in Nurhaci's campaign against the tribes of the Hulun (alliance), Hūlun alliance, namely against Bujantai and the Ula tribe. At first he held the rank of a Mongolian nobility, taiji (Mongol rank of a minor prince). In 1616 when Nurhaci assumed the title of Khan, Amin was named as one of the Four Senior Beile to assist in the administration. In terms of seniority he held the rank of Second Beile, and was given command of the Eight Banners, Bordered Blue Banner. He took part in 1619 in the Battle of Sarhu, Battle of Sarhū against the expeditionary force sent by the Ming Court under Yang Hao (scholar), Yang Hao. In 1621 he fought bravely during the taki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daišan
Daišan (Manchu: ; 19 August 1583 – 25 November 1648) was an influential Manchu prince and statesman of the Qing dynasty. Family background Daišan was born in the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan as the second son of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. His mother was Nurhaci's first consort, Lady Tunggiya (佟佳氏). He was an older half-brother of Nurhaci's successor, Hong Taiji. Career Nurhaci's reign During Nurhaci's campaign against the Ula clan and its ''beile'' Bujantai in 1607, Daišan distinguished himself on the battlefield by assisting Šurhaci and Cuyen. For his efforts, he was granted the title of "Guyen Baturu" () (literally: "exploring hero"). In 1613, Daišan again distinguished himself on the battlefield in Nurhaci's campaign against the Ula clan. In 1616, when Nurhaci declared himself khan and established the Later Jin dynasty, Daišan was the first selected as '' beile'' of a special rank by Nurhaci to assist in administration. These four ''beile'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuca (clan)
Fuca (Manchu: ; ) was a clan of Manchu nobility. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surname Chinese surnames are used by Han Chinese and Sinicization, Sinicized ethnic groups in Greater China, Korea, Vietnam and among overseas Chinese communities around the world such as Singapore and Malaysia. Written Chinese names begin with surnames, ...s '' Fu'' (富/傅) or '' Li'' (李). Notable figures Males * Arantai (; d. 1699), served as the Minister of Works from 1687–1688 ** Funingga (; d. 1728), Arantai's son; political figure * Maci (1652–1739), political figure * Fuheng (1720–1770), Maci's nephew; political and military figure ** Fulong'an (; 1746–1784), Fuheng's second son ** Fuk'anggan (1754–1796), Fuheng's son; general *** Delin, Fuk'anggan's son * Mingliang (; 1736–1822), Fuheng's nephew * Mingrui (d. 1768), Fuheng's nephew; general * Fumin (; 1673–1756), official * Jingshou (; 1829–1889) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty. He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. He was also responsible for changing the name of the Jurchens to "Manchu" in 1635, and changing the name of his dynasty from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636. Names and titles It is unclear whether "Hong Taiji" was a title or a personal name. Written ''Hong taiji'' in Manchu, it was borrowed from the Mongolian title '' Khong Tayiji''. That Mongolian term was itself derived from the Chinese ''huang taizi'' 皇太子 ("crown prince", "imperial prince"), but in Mongolian it meant, among other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aisin Gioro
The House of Aisin-Gioro is a Manchu clan that ruled the Later Jin dynasty (1616–1636), the Qing dynasty (1636–1912), and Manchukuo (1932–1945) in the history of China. Under the Ming dynasty, members of the Aisin Gioro clan served as chiefs of the Jianzhou Jurchens, one of the three major Jurchen tribes at this time. Qing bannermen passed through the gates of the Great Wall in 1644, and eventually conquered the short-lived Shun dynasty, Xi dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty. After gaining total control of China proper, the Qing dynasty later expanded into other adjacent regions, including Xinjiang, Tibet, Outer Mongolia, and Taiwan. The dynasty reached its zenith during the High Qing era and under the Qianlong Emperor, who reigned from 1735 to 1796. This reign was followed by a century of gradual decline. The house lost power in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution. Puyi, the last Aisin-Gioro emperor, nominally maintained his imperial title in the Forbidden City un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giocangga
Giocangga (Manchu: ; ; 1526–1583) was the son of Fuman and the paternal grandfather of Nurhaci, the man who unified the Jurchen peoples and founded the Later Jin dynasty of China. Both he and his son Taksi attacked Atai's fort, which was being besieged by a rival Jurchen chieftain Nikan Wailan (; 尼堪外蘭 ''Níkān Wàilán''), who promised the governance of the city to whoever would kill Atai. One of Atai's underlings rebelled and murdered him. Both Giocangga and Taksi were killed by Nikan Wailan under unclear circumstances. Giocangga, Taksi and Nikan were all under command of Li Chengliang. Giocangga was accorded the temple name Jǐngzǔ (景祖) and the posthumous name Emperor Yi (翼皇帝) by the Qing dynasty. In 2005, a study led by a researcher at the British Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute suggested that Giocangga might be a direct male-line ancestor of over 1.5 million men, mostly in northeastern China. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1633 Deaths
Events January–March * January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, where he is quarantined for 22 days because of an outbreak of the plague. * February 6 – the formal coronation of Władysław IV Vasa as King of Poland takes place at the cathedral in Kraków. He had been elected as king on November 8. * February 9 – the Duchy of Hesse-Cassel captures Dorsten from the Electorate of Cologne without resistance. * February 13 ** Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. ** Fire engines are used for the first time in England in order to control and extinguish a fire that breaks out at London Bridge, but not before 43 houses are destroyed. "Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1587 Births
Events January–March * January 7 – Sir Walter Raleigh appoints John White to be the Governor of the Roanoke Colony, to be established later in the year by English colonists on Roanoke Island off the coast of what is now the U.S. state of North Carolina.Andrew Lawler, '' The Secret Token: Myth, Obsession, and the Search for the Lost Colony of Roanoke'' (Doubleday, 2018) pp.90, 181-182 White and 121 other colonists depart from Portsmouth on three ships on May 8 and arrive at Croatoan Island on July 22. * January 14 – In Japan, Chancellor of the Realm Toyotomi Hideyoshi ends Portugal's control of the port of Nagasaki after six years. Omura Sumitada had leased the fishing village to Portuguese Jesuits on August 15, 1580. * February 5 – (1st waxing of Tabaung 948 ME) King Nanda of Burma appoints his eldest son and heir apparent, Minye Kyawswa II, as Viceroy of Ava, now part of upper Burma, with a capital at Inwa (located in what is now the Mandalay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuman
Fuman (; ; died 1542) was Chieftain of the Jianzhou Jurchens and an ancestor of the future Qing dynasty emperors. His father was Sibeoci Fiyanggū. His family name was Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅). History Fuman was the great-grandfather of Nurhaci, who would reorganise and unite various Jurchen tribes. He lived in Hetuela or Hetu Ala (赫圖阿拉). From 1522 to 1542, he was governor, known as Dudu Fuman, of the Dudu Jianzhou Left Guard (建州左衛), a post also held and established by his paternal grandfather and father Sibeoci Fiyanggū. After Fuman died in 1542, he was buried in Hetuela's old city, also known as Xingjing (興京). In 1636, Huang Taiji established the Qing dynasty and posthumously honored Fuman as King of Qing (慶王); in 1648, he was given the posthumous name Emperor Zhi (直皇帝) and temple name Xingzu (興祖). The three ancestors, Qing Zhaozu, Jingzu and Xianzu, were buried in Xingjing. In 1659, Fuman was buried and paid respect at the Yong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Later Jin (1616–1636)
The Later Jin, officially known as Jin or the Great Jin, was a Jurchen-led royal dynasty of China and a khanate ruled by the House of Aisin-Gioro in Manchuria, as the precursor to the Qing dynasty. Established in 1616 by the Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci upon his reunification of the Jurchen tribes, its name was derived from the earlier Jin dynasty founded by the Wanyan clan which had ruled northern China in the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1635, the lingering Northern Yuan dynasty under Ejei Khan formally submitted to the Later Jin. The following year, Hong Taiji officially renamed the realm to "Great Qing", thus marking the start of the Qing dynasty. During the Ming–Qing transition, the Qing conquered Li Zicheng's Shun dynasty and various Southern Ming claimants and loyalists, going on to rule an empire comprising all of China, stretching as far as Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Taiwan until the 1911 Revolution established the Republic of Chin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
