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Manding (other)
Manding may refer to: * Mand (psychology), a request or demand * Manding languages, a language-dialect continuum in West Africa * Mandinka (other) ** Mandinka language, one of the Manding languages ** Mandinka people, a West African ethnic group * The Mandé peoples who speak Manding languages: Mandinka, Malinké, Bambara, and Dyula * Manding Mountains in western Mali See also *Manding language (other) *Mandinka (other) *Mande (other) Mande may refer to: * Mandé peoples of western Africa * Mande languages, their Niger-Congo languages * Manding languages, Manding, a term covering a subgroup of Mande peoples, and sometimes used for one of them, Mandinka people, Mandinka * Garo p ... {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mand (psychology)
Mand is a term that B.F. Skinner used to describe a verbal operant in which the response is reinforced by a characteristic consequence and is therefore under the functional control of relevant conditions of deprivation or aversive stimulation. One cannot determine, based on form alone, whether a response is a mand; it is necessary to know the kinds of variables controlling a response in order to identify a verbal operant. A mand is sometimes said to "specify its reinforcement" although this is not always the case. Skinner introduced the mand as one of six primary verbal operants in his 1957 work, ''Verbal Behavior''. Chapter three of Skinner's work, ''Verbal Behavior'', discusses a functional relationship called the mand. A mand is a form of verbal behavior that is controlled by deprivation, satiation, or what is now called motivating operations (MO), as well as a controlling history. An example of this would be asking for water when one is water deprived ("thirsty"). It is tempti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manding Languages
The Manding languages (sometimes spelt Manden) are a dialect continuum within the Niger–Congo languages, Niger-Congo family spoken in West Africa. Varieties of Manding are generally considered (among native speakers) to be mutually intelligible – dependent on exposure or familiarity with dialects between speakers – and spoken by 9.1 million people in the countries Burkina Faso, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Mali, Liberia, Ivory Coast and The Gambia. Their best-known members are Mandinka language, Mandinka or Mandingo, the principal language of The Gambia; Bambara language, Bambara, the most widely spoken language in Mali; Maninka language, Maninka or Malinké, a major language of Guinea and Mali; and Dyula language, Jula, a trade language of Ivory Coast and western Burkina Faso. Manding is part of the larger Mande languages, Mandé family of languages. Subdivisions The Manding languages, the differences from one another and relationships among them are matter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandinka (other)
Mandinka, Mandika, Mandinkha, Mandinko, or Mandingo may refer to: Media * ''Mandingo'' (novel), a bestselling novel published in 1957 * ''Mandingo'' (film), a 1975 film based on the eponymous 1957 novel * ''Mandingo (play)'', a play by Jack Kirkland * "Mandinka" (song), by Sinead O'Connor from her 1987 album ''The Lion and the Cobra'' People * Mandingo people of Sierra Leone * Mandingo Wars (1883–1898), between France and the Wassoulou Empire of the Mandingo * Mandinka language, a Manding language of West Africa, belonging to the Mande subgroup of the Niger-Congo language family * Mandinka people of West Africa * Wassoulou Empire, also known as the Mandinka Empire * Madinkhaya, an eastern variant of the Syriac alphabet * Mandingo, a stereotype of African American men Other use * Mandingo fight, gladiator-like combat to the death by black slaves See also * Manding (other) * Mande (other) Mande may refer to: * Mandé peoples of western Africa * Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandinka Language
The Mandinka language (; Ajami: ), or Mandingo, is a Mande language spoken by the Mandinka people of northern Guinea-Bissau, the Casamance region of Senegal, and The Gambia where it is one of the principal languages. Mandinka belongs to the Manding branch of Mande and is similar to Bambara and Maninka/Malinké but with only 5 instead of 7 vowels, due to lacking the ATR distinction. The varieties spoken in Urban Gambia and Senegal borders on a pitch accent due to its proximity with non-tonal neighboring languages like Wolof. Phonology Mandinka is here represented by the variety spoken in Casamance. There is little dialectical diversity. Tone Mandinka has two tones, high and low. Unmodified nouns are either high tone on all syllables or low tone on all syllables. The definite suffix ''-o'' takes a low tone on high-tone nouns and a falling tone on low-tone nouns. It also assimilates any preceding short vowel, resulting in a long /oo/ with either low or falling tone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandinka People
The Mandinka or Malinke are a West African ethnic group primarily found in southern Mali, The Gambia, southern Senegal and eastern Guinea. Numbering about 11 million, they are the largest subgroup of the Mandé peoples and one of the List of ethnic groups of Africa, largest ethnolinguistic groups in Africa. They speak the Manding languages in the Mande language family, which are a ''lingua franca'' in much of West Africa. They are predominantly Subsistence agriculture, subsistence farmers and live in rural villages. Their largest urban center is Bamako, the capital of Mali. The Mandinka are the descendants of the Mali Empire, which rose to power in the 13th century under the rule of king Sundiata Keita, who founded an empire that would go on to span a large part of West Africa. They migrated west from the Niger River in search of better agricultural lands and more opportunities for conquest. Nowadays, the Mandinka inhabit the West Sudanian savanna region extending from The Gambia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manding Mountains
The Manding Mountains are a highland area in Mali, stretching between its western border with Guinea to an area 50km west of Bamako, Mali's capital. They reach above sea level. Kangaba, the spiritual home of the Mandinka people, is located at the foot of the mountains. The range is composed of sandstone, sculpted into dramatic buttes In geomorphology, a butte ( ) is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller landforms than mesas, plateaus, and tablelands. The word ''butte'' comes from the French word , meaning 'k ... and cliffs by erosion. Some of these formations have been named by locals, such as the Butte of the Stubborn Woman, said to be a woman who refused to search any more for her lost husband and was punished by being turned to stone. References {{coord missing, Mali Mountains of Mali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manding Language (other)
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Manding may be: *One of the Manding languages *Specifically the Mandinka language See also *Manding (other) Manding may refer to: * Manding languages, a language-dialect continuum in West Africa * Mandinka (other) ** Mandinka language, one of the Manding languages ** Mandinka people, a West African ethnic group * The Mandé peoples who speak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mande (other)
Mande may refer to: * Mandé peoples of western Africa * Mande languages, their Niger-Congo languages * Manding languages, Manding, a term covering a subgroup of Mande peoples, and sometimes used for one of them, Mandinka people, Mandinka * Garo people of northeastern India and northern Bangladesh * Mande River in Bosnia and Herzegovina * Mandé, Mali Surname * Hendrik Mande (d. 1431), Dutch mystical writer * Jerold Mande (b. 1954), American nutritionist and civil servant See also *Mand (other) *Manda (other) *Mandean (other) *Mandi (other) *Manding (other) *Mandinka (other) {{disambig, geo, surname Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
